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PUBLISHED  BV 

THE  UNITED  FARM  ERS  of  ALBERTA 

OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF 

The  united  FARMERS  OF  ALBERTA  The  ALBERTA  WHEAT  POOL 

AND  OTHER  PROVINCIAL  MARKETING  POOLS 


CALGARY,  ALBERTA,  APRIL  1st,   1930  No  7 


Legislature  Endorses  Principle 
of  Public  Ownership  of 

Power 

Staff  Correspondence 

f 

High  Lights  in  House  of  Commons  Debates 

By  W.  T.  LUCAS,  M.P. 

Official  News  from  the  Alberta  Wheat  Pool 

A.  J.  McPHAIL  on  European  Tour 

■i 

News  and  Comment  from  the  Livestock  Pool 

By  DONALD  MacLEOD 


I  (2A8) 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


April  l8t.  1930 


Gillette 


announces 


a  NEW  BLADE 
a  NEW  RAZOR 

TODAY  Gillette  offers  an- 
other great  contribution  to 
man's  shaving  comfort  —  a  New 
Gillette  Blade  and  a  New  Gil- 
lette Razor  (patents  pending). 

The  new  blade  can  be  used  in 
your  present  Gillette  Razor. 

Used  together,  the  New  Gil- 
lette Blade  and  the  Nev/  Gillette 
Razor  abolish  forever  two  un- 
pleasant factors  in  shaving  — 
"razor  pull,"  and  the  tedious  dry- 
ing of  razor  parts.  These  are 
only  two  of  the  advantages  of  the 
new  razor  and  the  new  blade. 
Read  the  other  advantages  sum- 
med up  under  "Quick  Facts." 

GILLEITE  SAFEl-Y  RAZOR  CO. 
OF  CANADA,  LIMITED, 
MONTREAL. 


QUICK  FACTS 


1.  New  blade  can  he  used  in  your 
old  Gillette 

2.  New  processed  steel;  new  blade 
resists  rust 

3.  Cut-out  corners  of  blade  pre- 
vent  "razor  pull" 

4.  To  clean,  turn  guard  at  tight 
angles  .  .  .  then  re-tighten  .  .  , 
rinse  .  .  ,  shake  dry 

5.  New  shape  guard  channel  gives 
full  shaving  clearance 

6.  New  shape  guard  teeth  meet 
skin  smoothly,  naturally 


7.  No    projecting    posts    to  dull 
blade  edges 

8.  Reinforced   razor   corners  pre- 
vent damage  if  dropped 

9.  Square    blade    ends    safer  to 
handle 

10.  Shaves  easier  around  mouth, 
nose,  ears 

U.  New  blades  same  price  as  old 

12.  New  razor,  2-fK.  gold-plated, 
uith  one  neut  blade,  i:>  case, 
fl.00 


.00 


The  New  Gillette  Blade 
in  the  new  green  packet 


April  1st,  1930 


(269)  8 


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CmCCLATION 
Avenge  net  paid  circulation,  six  months 
ending  March  ISth.  1930  M,2B1) 

MANAGEMENT  COMMITTEE 
H.  E.  O.  H.  SCHOLBFIELO,  J.  JESSE  STRANO 


PnbUsbed  on  the  1st  and  16tb  ol  each  month  by 
THE  UNITED  FARMERS  OF  ALBERTA 
LoDgheed  BoUding 
CALOART    -  ALBERTA 
Official  Organ  of 
IHB  ALBERTA  WHEAT  POOL 
THE  ALBERTA  LIVESTOCK  POOL 
THE  ALBERTA  DAIRY  POOL 
THE  ALBERTA  EGO  AND  POULTRY  POOL 
THE  ALBERTA  CO-OPERATIVE  WHOLESALE 

Editor 
W.  NORMAN  SMITH 


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Eastern  Representative:  W.  H.  AUSTIN 


Vol.  IX. 


CALGARY,  ALBERTA,  APRIL  1st,  1930 


No.  7. 


Principal  Contents  Page 

Editorial   3 

News  op  the  Organization  ;  4 

University  Week  for  Farm  Young  People  5 

Report  op  Educational  Committee  to  convention —  6 

"W  heat  THE  Riddle  op   Markets"  7 

The  Onle  Road  to  Permanent  Peace  —  8 

High  Lights  in  the  Debates  in  Parliament  L_  9 

Some  Further  Features  op  the  Wheat  Situation  10 

Wheat  Pool  Meetings  11 

Principle  op  Public  Ownership  Endorsed  12 

The  19.30  Session  op  the  Legislature  in  Review  14 

The  Risks  op  Credit  Trading  15 

Premier   Brownlee's   Leadership  16 

Assembly  in  Closing  Days  op  Session  17 

Minister  op  Education  Explains  School  Bill  20 

News  from  Alberta  Wheat  Pool  Head  Office  22 

Wheat  Pool  and  Option  Market  22 

Wheat  Pool  ib  a  Friend  of  British  Consumer  23 

McPhail  Speaks  on  European  Trip  :  25 

Activities  op  the  University  op  Alberta  28 

Interests  op  the  United  Farm  Women  30 

How  Some  op  Your  Money  is  Spent  30 

U.F.A.  Junior  Activities  34 

News  and  Comment  from  the  Alberta  Livestock  Pool  38 

Principle  op  New  School  Bill  Endorsed  46 

Correspondence  48 

U.F.A.   Veterans'  Section  51 

Report  of  Canadian  Council  op  Agriculture     64 


EDITORIAL 


ALBERTA'S  POWER  POLICY 

By  almost  unanimous  vote  of  the  Alberta  Legislative 
Assembly  public  ownership  has  been  endorsed  as  the 
guiding  principle  to  be  followed  in  the  development  of 
the  electrical  power  resouices  of  this  Province.  The 
adoption,  with  only  one  dissenting  vote,  of  Premier 
Brownlee's  amendment .  to  Mr.  White's  resolution  on 
this  question,  marks,  we  believe,  the  settlement  of  one 
of  the  most  important  issues  with  which  Alberta  has  been 
confronted  since  the  earlier  days  in  its  history. 

The  views  of  the  Government  were  very  clearly  and 
forcefully  presented  by  the  Premier  and  Mr.  Reid.  The 
transfer  of  the  Natural  Resources  will  remove  all  obstacles 
in  the  way  of  working  out  definite  plans  for  the  Piovincial 
development  of  power  resources.  Investigations  have 
been  in  progiess  for  some  time  past,  and  the  Government 
are  looking  for  a  man  capable  of  taking  charge  of  this 
work.  With  the  advice  of  their  technical  experts  they  will 
undertake  such  development  as  from  time  to  time  may 
be  economically  sound  and  expedient. 

The  Premier  paid  a  well-deserved  tribute  to  Aid.  F.  J. 
White,  M.L.A.,  the  leader  of  the  Labor  group  in  the 
Assembly,  who  sponsored  the  motion  which  gave  place 


to  the  Government  amendment.  Mr.  White  has  been 
a  keen  student  of  power  problems  for  many  years  past, 
and  has  done  much  to  crystallize  public  opinion  in  sup- 
port of  public  ownership.  This  may  be  said  also  of 
many  of  his  colleagues,  both  in  and  out  of  the  Legisla- 
ture. The  Labor  majority  on  the  council  of  the  city  of 
Edmonton  last  year  were  able  to  render  services  in  this 
regard  of  the  first  order. 

The  investigations  which  the  Government  have  under- 
taken prior  to  the  announcement  of  their  decision  will 
greatly  facilitate  the  working  out  of  future  policy.  De- 
velopment will  be  carried  on  with  a  maximum  of  economy 
and  of  efficiency,  and  as  far  as  may  be  in  accordance 
with  a  comprehensive  plan.  The  high  standard  estab- 
lished in  the  public  utility  today  under  Government  con- 
trol, has  created  public  confidence  in  the  ability  of  the 
administration  to  undertake  the  still  laiger  task  in  the 
field  of  electrical  power,  while,  in  addition,  guaranteeing 
to  this  and  future  generations  of  Alboitans  that  the 
power  resources  of  the  Province  shall  bo  conserved  and 
used  for  the  benefit  of  the  people  as  a  whole,  rather  than 

for  groups  of  private  investors. 

*    *  * 

PROGRESS  AT  OTTAWA 

Resolutions  adopted  by  the  U.F.A.  Annual  Conven- 
tion in  January  are  now  from  day  to  day  reappearing 
under  front  page  headlines  in  the  daily  press  of  the 
Dominion.  Translated  to  the  order  paper  of  the  House 
of  Commons  by  U.F.A.  members  or  their  colleagues,  a 
number  of  these  resolutions  have  been  adopted,  while 
others  served  to  bring  important  issues  of  policy  to  the 
notice  of  Parhament,  and  through  Parliament,  the  whole 
of  the  newspaper  reading  public.  Where  immediate 
attainment  of  our  objectives  has  not  been  found  possible, 
the  way  has  been  paved  for  future  successes. 

The  Alberta  farmers,  through  organized  effort,  first 
in  the  Locals,  then  in  their  constituency  a.ssociations  and 
the  Annual  Convention,  and  finally  through  their  elected 
representatives,  are  exerting  an  influence  upon  national 
policy  today  such  as  no  other  democratic  force  has  been 
able  to  exert  since  Confederation. 

*    *  * 

PUBLIC  OWNERSHIP  OF  BROADCASTING 

{Red  Deer  Advocate) 
The  Radio  Commission's  report  (in  favor  of  public 
ownership)  is  in  accordance  with  the  expressed  views  of 
representative  organizations  such  as  the  Royal  Society  of 
Canada,  the  Canadian  Legion,  the  Dominion  Trades  and 
Labor  Congress,  the  Professional  Institute  of  the  Civil 
Service,  the  Conference  of  the  National  ('ouncil  of  Edu- 
cation, the  all-Canadian  Congress  of  Labor,  the  United 
Farmers  of  Alberta,  and  many  newspapers  and  trade 
interests  outside  those  favored  by  the  present  system. 


4  (260) 


T  H  E^-'U.  F.  A. 


April  Ist,  1930 


NEWS  OF  THE  ORGANIZATION 

Aetlrltles  of  U.F.A.  Locals  aad  District Aasociations  and  Information  from  Central  OSic« — Notes  on  Co-operation 


U.F.A.  Deficit  Fund 
Now  Totals  $778.96 

Locals  Send  in  Contributions  Towards 
Wiping  Out  Defcit 

Contributions  to  the  deficit  fund 
total  S778.96,  according  to  the  latest 
U.F.A.  Central  Office  records.  In 
various  communities  socials,  dances 
and  whist  drives  are  being  arranged 
in  order  to  raise  monies  for^  this 
purpose. 

A  vrhist  drive  was  held  reoently  at  the 
home  of  Mrs.  E.  W.  Brown  to  raise 
money  for  tlie  dcffit  fund,  reports  J.  Jy. 
Strang,  scfrrtary  of  Ptnrline  U.^.A.  I  oral, 
and  realized  S7.75.  "Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown 
send  you  their  best  wishes  and  hope 
j'ou  will  soon  he  on  the  other  side  of  the 
books,"  adds  Mr.  Strang. 

"Please  fnd  enrlosed  $.5  for  the  deficit 
fund,"  writes  Mrs.  Probst,  secretary  of 
I.ouj;hced  U.F.W.A.  Loral.  "We,  as  a 
Local,  feci  that  if  each  Local  could  send 
in  a  like  amount  the  need  would  very 
easily  be  filled.  This  is  a  year  when 
monev  is  scarce,  and  we  felt  that  it 
Tvoulcf  be  useless  to  consider  an  enter- 
tainment or  tea  just  at  this  time." 

Alcomdale  U.P.A.  Local  are  holding 
a  whist  drive  the  proceeds  to  be  con- 
tributed to  the  deficit  fund.  At  the  last 
meeting,  reports  W.  G.  Purches,  secre- 
tary, a  resolution  was  passed  supporting 
the  efTorfs  of  the  Albeita  Good  P.oads 
Association  regarding  the  reduction  of 
automobile  licenses,  especially  where  cars 
or  trucks  are  used  for  part  of  the  year 
only. 

"I  am  pleased  to  inform  you  that  our 
membership  drive  has  been  a  great  suc- 
cess," writes  John  Sim,  secretary  of 
Wiese  L'.L.A.  Local,  "^ou  will  remem- 
ber we  had  only  18  members  last  year, 
double  the  number  of  the  previous  year. 
We  divided  our  members  under  two 
captains,  Messrs.  Caugler  and  Robertson, 
and  the  result  is  that  we  have  now  about 
54  members.  Owing  to  the  excessively 
bad  roads,  w  e  had  to  adopt  some  methods 
that  are  costing  the  Local  secretary  a 
'heap  o'  work'  but  it  is  a  very  satisfjing 
kinri  of  work  w  hen  we  see  we  have  accom- 
plished something.  I  am  enclosing  20 
Wheat  Pool  reijuisitions  and  .S20  in  cash, 
\Nhi(  h  is  over  half  of  our  members;  and 
by  next  mail  I  hope  to  have  another  sheaf 
ready  to  mail.  I  think  this  is  the  best 
answer  to  the  circular  we  had  from  you 
a  few  weeks  ago,  and  believe  if  I'll  Locpls 
would  do  likewise,  the  dtficii  uuuld  easily 
become  a  balance.  Here's  hoping  they 
may." 

Previously  acknow  ledged  S489.61 

Kirkdale  U.F.A   10  00 

Cornwall  Valley  U.F.W.A   5.00 

Ensign  U.F.A   15.00 

Broughton  U.O.A   7.00 

Malmo  U.F.A   10.00 

Cenile  U.F.A   7.1o 

Lavoy  U.F.W.A   6.00 


Poplar  Hill  U.F.A   10.00 

Standard  U.F.A   10.00 

BufTalo  Lake  U.F.A   10.00 

White  Swan  U.F.A   5.00 

Majestic  Springwater  U.F.A   5.00 

Carrot  Creek,  U.F.A    5.00 

Calumet  U.F.A   11.25 

Water  Glen  U.F.A   11.20 

Bow  Island  U.F.W.A   l.'i.OO 

McLaup-hlin  U.F.A   10.00 

I  yncott  U.F.A   18.00 

Starline  U.T'.A.  and  U.F.W.A...  7.75 

Louphecd  U.F.W.A   5.00 

Bonnie  Brier  U.F.A   5.00 

Milo  U.F.A   10.00 

Elbridge  U.F.A   11.35 

Eastervale  U.F.A  ,   5.00 

Notre  Dame  U.F.W.A   5.00 

Verdant  Vallev  U.F.A   10.00 

Sniiit  River  U.F.W.A   10.00 

Well  in  p  ton  U.F.W.A   10.00 

East  Kleskun  U.I.W.A   5.00 

Excel  U.F.A   =.00 

Scandia  U.F.A   10..35 

Scandia  U.F.W.A   10.35 

Olds  U.F.A   1  .00 

S778.96 


New  and  Reorganized  Locals 


C.  D.  Lane  is  .secretary  of  Lakes  U.F.A. 
Local,  near  Neutral  Hills,  which  was 
organized  recently. 

W.  W.  Wraight,  of  Veteran,  was  suc- 
cessful in  re-organiying  Throne  U.F.A. 
Local  recenth.  .1.  W.  Ellerby  is  presi- 
dent and  F.  W.  Sharplin  secretary. 

I.  V.  Macklin,  director  for  Peace  River 
north,  organized  Elmworth  U.F.A.  Local 
recently.  G.  S.  Mover  is  president  and 
Mrs.  Koy  Macklin  secretary. 

Smoky  Community  U.F.A.  Local,  in 
the  Bezanson  district,  held  a  meeting 
recently  for  the  purpo.se  of  re-organizing. 
G.  W.  Ferris  was  elected  president  and 
R.  H.  Ramsay  secretary. 

Pavsland  U.F.A.  Loc.o],  in  Camrose 
con.stituency,  was  orp-anized  at  a  meeting 
held  March  1st,  thirty-! hi ee  members 
signing  the  roll.  D.  L'abbitt  is  president 
and  P.  H.  Forbes  secretary. 

Claremont  U.F.A.  Local  held  a  rripet- 
ing  recently  and  decided  to  reorganize 
states  E.  C.  Palmer,  .secretary.  J.  W. 
Ilurman  is  pre^-idtnt  and  D.  Eaves  vice- 
president;  there  are  12  paid-up  members, 
with  every  prosj^ect  of  more.  "I  think 
we  will  have  a  100  per  cent  sign-up" 
writes  Mr.  Palmer.  "We  have  100  per 
cent  in  the  Wheat  Pool.  We  were  not 
■represented  at  the  recent  Convention 
but  the  following  resolution  was  passed 
unanimously:  'That  the  Claremont  U. 
I'.A.  Local  heartily  endor.se  the  resolutioii 
passed  at  the  recent  Convention  re  the 
conscription  of  wealth,  as  well  as  man 
power,  in  the  event  of  any  future  war 
but  that  every  effort  and  support  be  given 
to  the  preservation  of  peace'." 


U.F.A,  Local  Items 

From  a  membership  of  eight  last  year 
to  28  at  the  present  time  is  the  record 
of  Universal  U.F.,\.  Local,  states  the 
secretary,  F.  E.  Bailey. 

Scenic  Heights  U.F.A.  Local  have  in- 
creased their  membership  over  that  of 
last  year  by  400  per  cent,  states  E.  H. 
Keith,  secretary. 

At  a  meeting  of  Argyle  LT_f  a.  Local 
on  March  22nd  a  resrlution  was  passed 
heartily  approving  the  marketing  policy 
of  the  Alberta  Wheat  Pool. 

Bradenville  U.^.A.  Local,  at  a  meeting 
held  at  the  home  of  E.  E.  Braden,  de- 
cided to  give  a  dav's  free  work  to  raise 
money  for  the  I  ocal,  says  a  report  from 
Stephen  W.  Gilbert. 

"At  our  last  meeting,"  says  a  letter 
from  .John  A.  .Tacobs  .Jr.,  secretary  of 
Allister  U.F.A.  Local,  "our  Wheat  Pool 
delegate,  Mr.  Clay,  gave  us  a  very  good 
talk.  We  hope  to  have  more  of  Mr. 
Clay's  meetings." 

"Since  our  hall  burned  down  last  fall 
we  have  been  meeting  in  the  home  of 
our  president,  J.  E.  McDonald,"  writes 
G.  L.  Watt,  secretary  of  Grimshaw 
U.F.A.  Loc.il.  "At  our  last  meeting  we 
decided  to  build  again,  but  -smaller,  and 
more  like  a  club  room.'' 

"We  had  a  well  attended  and  interest- 
ing meeting  last  Saturday,"  states  Mrs, 
Burton,  secretary  of  Stanmore  U.F.A. 
Iccai,  "when  two  of  the  young  folks- 
Amy  Adams  and  Leonard  Z'inger — staged 
a  debate.  Both  debaters  had  prepared 
their  arguments  well,  and  delivered  them 
ably." 

"Regnrdless  of  road  and  weather  con- 
ditions the  regular  meetings  have  been 
well  attended  and  very  interesting," 
writes  Mrs.  Russell  Johnston,  secretary 
of  Hclmsdule  U.F.A.  Local.  "We  took 
in  ovei  S40  at  a  pie  social  and  dance  given 
in  January;  we  are  having  a  play  on 
March  14th." 

Eight  new  member  joined  Carrot  Creek 
U.F.A.  Local  at  the  last  meeting,  says  a 
letter  from  the  secretary,  W.  E.  Irwin. 
M.  Irwin,  of  Portland,' Oregon,  was  a 
visitor,  and  gave  a  short  talk  on  co- 
operation. At  the  next  meeting  there 
will  be  a  debate:  "Resolved  thst  horses 
are  more  suited  for  this  district  than 
tractors." 

Diamond  Valley  U.F.A.  Local  recently 
passed  the  following  resolution,  which 
they  would  like  other  Locals  to  discuss: 
"Resolved  that  we  go  on  record  as  urging 
the  Provincial  Government  to  make  it 
compulsory  for  all  car  and  truck  dr. vers 
to  take  out  an  accident  and  liability 
insurance  policy,  prior  to  the  driver  being 
issued  a  driver's  license." 

The  entertainment  of  Irvine  U.F.A. 
Local,  in  the  form  of  exhibition  boxing 
bouts,  with  a  dance  following,  proved  a 


April  Ist,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


(261)  5 


hupe  success,  rerorts  J.  E.  von  Schmidt, 
secretary.  On  March  8th,  James  Mur- 
ray, district  agriculturist,  addressed  the 
Local  and  was  tendered  a  hearty  vote 
of  thanks  and  a  standing  invitation  to 
attend  the  meetings. 

Beddington  U.F.A.  and  U.F.W.A.  Lo- 
cals met  jointiv  at  the  community  hall 
on  March  12th,  when  W.  E.  Turner  of 
Calrarv  spoke  on  co-operation  in  Eng- 
land, Mrs.  IT.  Bandrroh  pave  a  paper  en- 
titled "Canadian  Citizen.'ship"  and  Ceorge 
Church,  Director  for  East  pnd  West 
Calgary,  pave  a  tflk  on  U.F.A.  work. 
The  ladies  served  lunch,  and  the  evening 
closed  with  a  couple  of  hours'  dancing 

The  program  committee  of  McLaughlin 
joint  U.F.A.  Local  arranged  a  novelty 
concert  on  March  14th;  "judging  hy  the 
api>lause  and  encores,"  writes  the  secre- 
tary, Mrs.  I.  McLaughlin,  "every  item 
was  a  winner.  After  lunch,  the  floor  was 
cleared  for  the  d.ance,  which  v  as  en- 
joyed by  a  large  numf  er  of  vcung  people. 
Tfie  school  was  crowded  and  the  financial 
returns  gratifying." 

Blueberry  and  Whitburn  U.F.A.  Local 
had  a  very  good  entertainment  and  dance 
recently,  in  aid  of  the  piano  fund,  states 
E.  G.  Thomlinson,  secretary,  who  adds 
"At  rur  ne.xt  meeting  we  are  holding  a 
debate,  'Kesolved  that  it  is  in  the  best 
interests  of  the  Province  to  abolish  the 
Beer  Parlors';  Mrs.  Walter  Mitchell  and 
H.  W^alker  will  take  the  affirmative,  and 
A.  J.  Gunache  and  I.  G.  Huston  the 
negative. ' 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  P,io  Grande 
U-.F.A.  Local  Mr.  Grafton,  Pool  field  man, 

fave  a  talk  on  the  market  situation,  and 
.  V.  Macklin,  U.D.A.  Director,  spoke  on 
the  benefits  the  U.F.A.  has  brought,  and 
the  need  for  holding  together  more  than 
ever  in  the  future.  "We  hold  a  whist 
drive  after  our  monthly  meeting,"  writes 
Percy  Hunkin,  secretary;  "a  very  sociable 
time  is  enjoyed  by  all,  and  w  e  have  made 
enough  money  to  get  a  set  of  card  tables." 

Elbridge  U.F.A.  Local  sent  their  first 
order,  of  $191,  to  the  Co-operative  Whole- 
sale on  February  12th.  E,eturns  were 
discussed  at  the  March  meeting,  re- 
ports H.  S.  Brow  n,  secretary,  "and  anoth- 
er order  for  S200  was  collected.  Everyone 
was  well  satisfed,  both  as  to  price  and 
quality  of  goods.  We  believe  that  co- 
operative buying  will  mean  more  to  the 
farmers  than  co-oj  ertit.i\ e  selling.  Please 
publish  that  this  Local  is  not  in  S3'mpathy 
with  the  propaganda  that  Carl  Axelson 
is  peddling  through  the  country." 

The  membership  competition  between 
the  Berrywater  U.L.A.  and  U.F.W.A. 
Locals  was  won  by  the  ladies,  "hands 
down"  reports  P.  J.  Haslam,  secretary 
of  the  U.F.A.  Local.  The  losers  are  to 
entertain  the  winners  in  the  near  future. 
Four  papers  on  the  development  of  the 
Wheat  Pool,  written  bj'  school  chiWren, 
were  read,  and  prizes  were  awarded  to  the 
contestants,  Ethel  Campbell,  Annie  Mc- 
Lean, Delia  Carr  and  Kenneth  McLean. 
A  program  was  given  by  Misses  Annie 
McLean,  Ethel  Campbell,  Margaret  Old- 
field,  Freda  Boulter,  Master  Gordon 
Campbell  and  Messrs.  Sims  and  N.  S. 
Campbell,  following  which  the  ladies 
provided  lunch. 

"Resolved  that  it  is  detrimental  to  the 
public  welfare  for  women  to  earn  an 
mdependent  Uving"  was  the  subject  of  a 


debate  between  Beddington  and  Balzac 
U.F.A.  Locals  on  March  21st,  in  Balzac 
community  ball.  The  affirmative  was 
upheld  by  Mrs.  Shuttleworth,  Messrs. 
Bert  Church  and  Shuttleworth,  while 
Mrs.  Haves  Laycock,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Wall 
and  O.  f!hort  took  the  ne^'ative.  The 
judges,  P.ev.  C.  R.  Binder,  Mr.  Forrester 
of  Airdrie,  and  W.  N.  Smith  of  Calgary, 
deci('ed  in  favor  of  Babac  for  delivery 
and  English,  and  for  Beddington  for  argu- 
ment. The  large  crowd  in  attendance 
enjoyed  the  debate  immensely,  and  also 
the  dance  which  followed.  Mr.  Davies 
was  in  the  chair. 

A  discussion  on  "Future  Selling"  took 
place  at  a  largely  attended  meeting  of 
the  Calffary  U.F.A.  Local  on  March  27th, 
w  hen  W.  Mcl.eod,  of  the  Alberta  Wheat 
Pool,  and  W.  .1.  Thompson  gave  able 
addresses.  R.  O.  German  presented  a 
diagram  prepared  by  the  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  showing  that  of 
every  dollar  paid  by  the  consumer  for 
bread,  only  one  sixth  is  received  by  the 
wheat  grower.  Mr.  German  pointed  out 
that  it  would  require  an  increase  of  60 
cents  per  bushel  in  the  price  of  wheat 
to  warrant  an  increase  of  one  cent  per 
loaf  in  the  price  of  bread. 

Officers  of  Calgary  U.F.A.  Local  for 
1930  are:  president  Guy  Johnson;  vice- 
president,  Wm.  McLeotl;  secretary,  R. 
N.  Mangles;  directors,  E.  R.  Briggs, 
N.  P.  Davisson,  R.  O.  German,  F. 
McNeill,  E.  S.  McRory,  W.  N.  Smith. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  J.  Flock  were  guests 
of  honor  at  a  gatheiing  held  under  the 
auspices  of  Raley  U.F.A.  Local,  the 
president,  Herbert  Walter,  acting  as 
chairman.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Flock,  who 
for  many  years  served  as  presidents  of 
the  U.F.A.  and  U.F.W.A.  Locals,  are 


To  U.F.A.,  U.F.W.A.,  and  Junior 
Locals: 

•  Preparations  are  being  made  by  the 
Department  of  Extension  of  the 
University  of  Alberta  for  the  twelfth 
Annual  Conference  for  Farm  Young 
People.  The  dates  of  the  Conference 
this  year  are  from  June  4th  to  11th,  in- 
clusive. The  program  begins  on  -the 
4th  and  it  is  therefore  necessary  that 
delegates  should  arrive  the  previous  day. 
Any  farm  young  person  either  girl  or 
boy  between  the  ages  of  sixteen  and 
twenty-five  may  attend.  *The  program 
and  cost  of  attendance  for  the  week  is 
outlined  in  the  enclosed  pamphlet. 

It  is  our  earnest  desire  to  make  it 
possible  for  every  farm  bo.y  or  girl  who 
is  interested  to  take  advantage  of  this 
valuable  experience  and  we  are  sure  the 
organization  as  a  whole  will  lend  its 
support.  With  the  co-operation  of  our 
Locals  we  hope  to  be  able  to  defray  the 
railway  fares  of  every  one  of  our  dele- 
gates. Surely  we  can  engage  in  no  more 
worthy  activity  than  that  of  furnishing 
our  young  people  with  an  experience 
which  cannot  fail  to  give  them  a  new 
vision  of  life  and  service.  Any  boy  or 
girl  who  wi.shes  to  attend  at  their  own 
expense  may  do  so,  but  will  not  have 
any  voting  privileges  at  the  business 
session  unless  the  Conference  decided  to 
grant  this  privilege. 


leaving  the  district.  After  a  musical 
program  by  Misses  Hazel  Walter,  Lilian 
Clausen,  Helen  Brown,  Margery  Flock, 
Margaret  Ernst,  Bernice  Flock,  Mr.  F. 
Weatherhead  and  Mrs.  Herb  Walter, 
addresses  were  given  by  Messrs.  Darby 
and  Carson.  The  former  represented  the 
Raley  old-timers  and  gave  a  number  of 
interesting  reminiscences,  while  the  latter, 
representing  the  Woolford  people,  snoke 
of  the  active  part  taken  by  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Flock  in  the  U.F..A..  and  Pool  movements. 
The  chairman  then  presented  the  guests 
of  honor  w  ith  a  Chandler  pastel,  express- 
ing the  hope  that  this  token,  hung  above 
their  new  hearthstone,  might  refresh  the 
memories  of  old  friends.  Refreshments 
and  dancing  followed. 

Milo  U.F.A.  Local  has  met  the  problem 
of  .securing  a  good  attendance  by  holding 
U.F.A.  and  U.F.W.A.  meetings  at  the 
same  time  and  place,  followed  by  a  social 
evening.  John  Glambeck,  secretary  of 
the  Local,  writes  as  follows:  "We  held 
our  first  joint  meeting  in  February,  in 
the  Union  Church  basement,  when  the 
delegates  to  the  Convention  gave  their 
reports.  As  there  was  a  ratepayers'  mu- 
nicipal meeting  the  following  Saturday, 
several  matters  in  regard  to  improve- 
ments in  the  district  were  discussed,  and 
delegates  appointed  to  present  the  views 
of  the  Local  at  the  meeting.  This  joint 
meeting  was  well  attended.  V.  J.  Ber- 
trand,  our  past  president,  invited  the 
Locals  to  meet  in  his  new  house  in  March; 
this  was  a  wonderful  success.  The  men 
met  in  the  basement,  the  ladies,  whose 
membership  is  almost  twice  that  of  the 
men's  Local,  taking  possession  of  the 
upper  rooms.  Later,  there  was  a  program 
of  games  and  lunch  was  served.  The 
next  joint  meeting  will  be  held  at  the 
home  of  James  Burk,  and  the  two  Locals 
will  debate  on  the  new  School  Act." 


Method  of  Financing 

Following  is  the  plan  adopted  by  the 
Central  Executive  to  assist  our  boys  and 
girls  to  attend  the  Conference. 

1.  Every  Local  is  requested  to  con- 
tribute at  least  $5  to  the  Junior  Confer- 
ence .Fund,  whether  sending  a  delegate 
or  not. 

2.  Every  Local  sending  delegates  will 
be  required  to  contribute  not  less  than 
$5  per  delegate. 

3.  If  the  Junior  Conference  Fund  is 
sufficient,  the  railway  fares  of  all  dele- 
gates will  be  paid  out  of  the  Fund-  If 
the  Fund  is  insufficient  to  pay  the  total 
railway  fare,  the  amount  subscribed  will 
be  pro-rated  among  all  the  delegates. 

We  feel  sure  those  Locals  who  have  no 
young  people  within  the  age  limit  (16-25) 
will  be  glad  of  the  opportunity  to  share 
in  this  investment  in  the  future  of  rural 
Alberta.  This  is  one  of  the  most  vital 
and  far-reahcing  projects  our  organiza- 
tion undertakes. 

Send  in  to  Central  Office,  Lougheed 
Building,  Calgary,  all  contributions  and 
names  of  all  young  people  who  wish  to 
attend  the  Conference.  On  receipt  of 
your  contribution  we  will  forward  you 
credential  certificate,  which  must  be  filled 
in  and  given  by  the  delegate  to  the 
registrar  on  arrival  at  the  University. 
These  certificates  will  entitle  the  delegate 


University  Week  For  Farm  Young 

People 


6  (362) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  lat,  193U 


to  rebate  on  railway  fare.  At  the  same 
time  write  to  thn  University  of  Alberta, 
Edmonton,  (fivine  them  the  names  oi 
your  delegates  on  the  form  provided  on 
the  enclosed  folder,  or  on  a  separate  sheet 
of  paper,  giving  the  information  required. 
It  will  be  noted  that  the  University  re- 
quest a  $1.00  rerif^trftt  ion  fee  w  hich  will 
later  be  deducted  from  the  board. 

We  confidently  anticipate  an  early 
contribution  from  you  accompanied  by 
the  names  of  your  delfpates.  We  would 
also  ask  that  the  names  of  the  delegates 
be  registered  at  the  University  as  early 
as  possible.  The  University  does  not  feel 
justiPed  in  holding  the  Conference  unless 
at  least  75  delegates  make  application. 
Therefore  it  is  important  that  aelegatea' 
names  should  he  sent  in  early,  as  delay 
interferes  with  the  completion  of  plans 


for  the  week  and  might  result  in  its 
cancellation. 

Yours  fraternally, 
SENIOR  COMMITTEE  ON  JUNIOR 
WORK, 
H.  E.  G.  H.  Scholefield, 
Mrs.  A.  H.  Warr, 
Mrs.  P.  C.  Hepburn. 


SEND  ADDRESS  LABELS 

Several  cases  of  persons  receiving  two 
copies  of  The  V.F.  A.  have  recently  been 
reported.  It  would  be  of  great  assist- 
ance in  keeping  the  mailing  lists  correct, 
and  in  preventing  unnecessary  expense, 
if  any  others  who  receive  two  copies 
would  send  in  to  the  office  the  two 
address  labels  which  are  stencilled  on  the 
front  cover  of  the  paper. 


Report  of  Educational  Committee 
to  the  Annual  Convention 


The  following  report,  submitted  by 
the  Educational  Committee  of  the 
Central  Board,  was  adopted  by  the 
Annual  Convention. 
Your  Committee  on  Education  wish  to 
commend  the  efforts  of  those  who  are 
endeavoring  to  make  a  study  of  the 
fundamental  princi{)Ies  of  co-operation 
available  to  the  school  children  of  this 
Province  in  their  regular  school  course. 
We  feel  that  the  economic  structure  of 
the  morrow  will  he  largely  influenced  by 
the  outlook  on  life  given  by  the  schools 
of  today.  The  comjietitive  view  point 
given  by  schools  in  tne  past  has  resulted 
in  men  at  the  top  who  do  not  know  what 
to  do  with  their  wealth  and  those  at  the 
bottom  who  do  not  know  what  to  do 
without  it.  We  believe  that  the  time  is 
ripe  for  a  more  general  application  of  the 
principles  of  co-operation  in  the  hope 
that  such  application  will  correct  many 
of  the  economic  evils  of  today,  the  solu- 
tion of  which  is  not  immediately  apparent. 

To  make  room  for  new  material  on  the 
course,  we  suggest  that  a  subject  such  as 
trigonometry  could  be  made  optional,  and 
that  the  farm  youth  who  failed  to  study 
that  subject  would  not  in  consequence 
Buffer  any  serious  handicap  in  his  adult 
life.  The  probh^ms  which  will  confront 
the  citizens  of  tomorrow  will  not  be 
solved  by  higher  mathematics  so  much 
as  by  a  higher  outlook  on  life,  and  we 
believe  that  a  study  of  co-operation  does 
give  a  higher  outlook  and  a  better  p  in- 
ciple  for  the  equitable  working  out  ot  our 
economic  affairs. 

Of  the  present  course  in  high  school, 
we  would  say  that  the  amount  of  material 
to  be  covered  by  the  student  in  some  of 
the  subjects  is  too  great. 

We  commend  the  new  School  Bill.  We 
recognize  that  the  education  of  all  of  the 
youth  of  Alberta  is  the  responsibility  of 
all  of  the  peonle  of  Alberta.  We  recog- 
nize that  ability  to  pay  is  a  basis  of 
taxation  which  is  almost  world  wide, 
and  that  the  new  School  Bill  simply 
brings  school  taxation  into  line  with 
taxation  in  its  other  forms.  We  realize 
that  our  I'niversity  anil  normal  schools 
are  sustained  chiefly  by  taxes  gathered 
from  the  whole  of  the  Province,  and  that 
the  new  School  Bill  simply  pro[io8es  to 
sustain  Jthe  rural  schools  out  of  taxes 
gathered  in  the  same  manner  from  the 
whole  rural  area. 


Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  we  have 

an  eoualization  grant,  there  are  many 
schools  still  unable  to  operate  for  the  full 
school  year.  The  changes  proposed  in 
the  new  School  Bill  will  correct  this  un- 
fortunate condition. 

Of  the  salary  schedule  in  the  rural 
schools,  we  would  say  that  while  it  is 
quite  sufficient  for  the  inexperienced  who 
are  just  stepping  out  of  'Normal,  it  does 
not  seem  to  be  sufficient  to  retain  the 
services  of  those  who  are  eminently  suc- 
cessful in  that  occupation.  We  feel  that 
the  importance  of^  primary  education 
would  justify  the  retention  of  our  most 
successful  teachers  at  their  present  occu- 
pation even  though  it  involved  a  little 
more  expense.  The  proposed  School  Bill 
would  make  this  more  possible. 

In  conclusion,  we  submit  that  the  new 
School  Act  seems  to  us  about  as  well 
framed  and  complete  as  it  is  possible  to 
make  it  without  experience  of  its  opera- 
tion, and  we  recommend  that  the  people 
of  this  Province  give  the  said  act  a  fair 
trial.  We  are  satisfied  that  it  will  be 
better  than  the  old  system,  and  that 
any  defects  which  its  operation  brings  to 
light  could  be  remedied  by  the  Depart- 
ment. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

I.  V.  MACKLIN, 
(Mrs.)  A.  H.  WARR, 
JOHN  FOWI.IE. 
(The  foregoing  refers  to  the  ori]3;inal 
bill,  which,  however,  has  been  submitted 
in  modified  form  on  a  voluntary  basis,  as 
indicated  in  the  reports  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  in  this  issue. — Editor.) 


Okotoks-High  River  to  Hold 
Nominating  Convention 


Plana  for  a  convention  of  the  con- 
stituency associations  of  Okotoks  and 
High  River  for  the  purpose  of  bringing 
about  union  between  the  two,  were  con- 
sidered at  a  meeting  of  the  directors  of 
these  constituencies  held  at  Okotoks  on 
March  24th  when  W.  0.  S.  Heaver  of 
De  Winton  presided  and  W.  R.  Barker 
was  appointed  secretary.  The  joint  con- 
vention is  necessary  in  view  of  the  merging 
of  the  two  constituencies  under  the  terms 
of  the  Redistribution  Act. 


After  some  discussion  it  was  decided 
that  the  convention  when  held,  should  -be 
a  nominating  convention  and  the  place 
agreed  unon  was  High  River.  It  was 
also  deciaed  that  the  representation  of 
the  various  Locals  at  the  convention 
should  be  on  a  basis  of  last  year's  mem- 
bership as  shown  by  the  records  at 
Central  Office  and  that  every  five  mem- 
bers or  major  portion  thereof  should 
entitle  a  Local  to  one  delegate. 

A  committee,  consisting  of  the  prew- 
dents  and  vice-prepidents  of  the  two  con- 
stituency associations,  with  H.  C.  Wingate 
of  Cayley  as  chairman,  was  appointed  to 
fix  the  date  of  the  convention. 


Official  Statement  by 
Alberta  Co-op.  Oil 

Consumers  Limited 


Broadcast  Describes  Plans  of  New 
Organization 

The  following  official  statement  was 
recently  broadcast  by  the  Alberta  Oil 
Consumers  Co-operative  Ltd.: 

"Alberta  Oil  Consumers  Co-operative 
Ltd.,  U.F.A.  ■  Offices,  Calgary,  wish  to 
announce  to  all  consumers  that  contracts 
will  be  available  within  a  few  days  and 
will  be  mailed  on  request  to  U.F.A.  Locals 
or  local  committees. 

"A  price  list  of  lubricating  oils  and 
greases  has  been  sent  out  with  covering 
circular  letter.  Prices  quoted  do  not 
mean  the  actual  price  to  the  consumer, 
as  a  patronage  dividend  will  be  returned 
to  all  members. 

"We  cannot  too  strongly  advise  groups 
of  consumers  who  are  considering  buying 
co-operatively  that  they  make  no  agree- 
ments without  consulting  Central  Office. 

"Districts  wishing  to  hold  meetings 
with  a  view  to  organizing  can  arrange  a 
public  meeting  by  consulting  with  Cen- 
tral Office  to  set  a  date  for  such  meeting 
and  Central  will  provide  a  representative 
to  explain  and  give  all  the  necessary 
information. 

"We  can  ship  immediately  all  orders 
received  at  Calgary  office  for  Red  Head 
lubricating  oils  and  greases  to  any  point 
in  Alberta  in  tank  cars,  car  lots  or  single 
drums  or  half  drums,  as  per  price  list. 

"We  also  wish  to  announce  that  the 
Alberta  Co-operative  Wholesale  Asso- 
ciation at  Edmonton  would  like  to  call 
to  the  attention  of  farmers,  Co-operativ« 
Stores  and  Lumber  Yards,  that  they 
are  now  ready  to  ship  dry,  well  manu- 
factured spruce  lumber  in  car  lots  to 
any  station  in  Alberta  at  wholesale 
prices." 


IMMIGRATION  TO  CANADA 

Immigration  to  Canada  for  the  ten 
months  of  the  current  fiscal  year,  April 
1,  1929,  till  January  31,  1930,  totalled 
144,749,  a  decrease  of  3,528  or  two  p«r 
cent,  compared  with  the  corresponding 
period  in  the  previous  year.  Of  the  total 
69,592  were  British,  27,375  from  the 
United  States,  25,488  from  Northwestern 
Europe  and  32,294  of  33  other  races. 
British  immigration  for  the  ten  months 
under  review  shows  an  increase  of  7,534 
compared  with  the  similar  period  in 
1928-29;  imniigrafion  from  the  United 
States  increased  by  929;  from  North- 
western Europe  the  increase  was  257, 
while  immigration  from  vll  other  coun* 
tries  decreased  by  12,248. 


April  1st,  1030 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


(268)  7 


Wheat— the  Riddle  of  Markets" 

A  Book  Review 


"Wheat— the  Riddle  of  Markets,"  by 
C.  W.  Peterson,  editor  of  the  Farm  and 
Ranch  Review,  is  a  book  to  be  read  by 
Canadians  who  are  interested  in  the 
problems  of  Canada's  principal  industry; 
and  today  not  onlj'  every  wneat  grower, 
but  also  citizens  of  every  other  class, 
find  in  these  problems,  whose  solution  is 
vital  to  our  national  well-being,  an  all- 
absorbing  subject  of  study  and  topic  of 
discussion.  The  book  contains  an  emi- 
nently readable  and  fascinating  study  of 
the  subject  by  a  Western  Canadian  whose 
interests  for  many  years  have  been  linked 
with  the  industry  of  farming,  and  who 
has  been  able  to  draw  upon  first-hand 
experience  and  an  extensive  knowledge 
of  Western  agriculture. 

"The  great,  unsolved  problem  that 
confronts  the  wheat  grower  the  world 
over  is  whether  the  production  of  wheat 
will  presently  outstrip  consumptive  de- 
mana,"  are  the  opening  woras  of  the 
preface.  The  121  pages  of  ten  point  type 
which  make  up  the  book  are  devoted  to 
the  preparation  of  the  reader  for  the 
author's  answer  to  this  question.  On  the 
whole,  after  endeavoring  to  strike  a 
balance  between  prevailing  tendencies  in 
the  field  of  production  in  many  countries, 
and  the  tendencies  to  increasing  popula- 
tion and  the  demand  for  higher  standards 
of  living,  he  does  not  seem  to  think  it  will. 
To  accept  this  answer  as  conclusive 
would,  of  course,  require  a  most 
exhaustive  examination  of  all  the  relevant 
evidence  and  statistics — and  some  factors 
are  incalculable — but  the  facts  presented 
are  significant  and  the  book  cannot  fail 
to  whet  the  appetite  of  the  reader  for 
further  investigation  of  this  important 
question. 

The  book  opens  with  a  short  history  of 
world  wheat  prices,  from  1600  A.D.  to 
the  twentieth  century,  and,  as  is  clearly 
shown,  the  "facts  revealed  are  quite 
contrary  to  popular  belief."  In  other 
chapters  future  trends  are  anticipated, 
and  the  Canadian  Wheat  Pools  ana  their 
role  are  dealt  with.  The  author  is 
doubtful  of  the  feasibility  of  "any  world- 
wide organization  of  wheat  growers  for 
the  sole  purpose  of  exercising  price 
control,"  but  believes  that  ''relief  is 
possible  without  the  power  of  a  hundred 
per  cent  organization,"  and  that  "the 
governing  factor  is  the  export  surplus, 
which  is  produced  by  comparatively  few 
countries." 

Pool's  Selling  Policy 

Mr.  Peterson  quotes  from  various  author- 
ities, including  a  German  periodical  which 
has  the  reputation  of  being  well  informed 
on  the  subject,  in  vindication  of  the  Pool's 
Belling  policy,  especially  in  reference  to 
the  Argentine  situation  of  the  past  year. 
This  authority  declares  that  "The  policy 
of  the  Pool  was,  under  the  actual  circum- 
stances, the  only  just  one,"  and  that 
whatever  the  subsequent  development 
this  will  "not  be  the  fault  of  the  Pool's 
Belling  policy." 

In  setting  forth  the  necessity  for  the 
Wheat  Pool  form  of  organization,  Mr. 
Peterson  says;  "No  manufacturer  could 
exist  without  some  sort  of  control  over 
the  selling  price  of  his  product.  The 
situation  of  tne  farmer  is  exactly  the  same. 
The  farmer  is  obviously  in  a  preferred 
position  when  the  agency  controlling  the 
marketing  of  his  wheat  is  wholly  re- 


sponsible  to  him  for  results.  There  can 
be  no  sound  argument  against  the  pre- 
ponderating producing  group  within  the 
nation  taking  up  this  very  rational  po- 
sition." 

In  a  chapter  devoted  to  agricultural 
mechanization,  the  author  expresses  the 
opinion  that  we  are  only  at  the  beginning 
of  this  process,  and  he  quotes  statistics 
showing  that  of  late  years  the  number  of 
farmers  in  Western  Canada  has  actually 
decreased  while  the  cultivated  acreage  has 
increased.  We  are  inclined  to  think  that 
the  statistics  given  in  this  chapter  may 
have  been  factors  in  leading  Mr.  Peterson 
to  abandon  his  former  conception  of  what 
constitutes  a  proper  immigration  policy 
for  Canada,  and  brought  him  more  into 
line,  in  this  respect,  with  the  position 
taken  by  the  United  Farmers  of  Alberta 
'  over  a  perld  of  many  years. 

Mr.  Peterson's  book  will  no  doubt 
provoke  some  dissent.  He  punctures  a 
number  of  current  superstitions  fsuch  as 
those  of  the  business  man  who  believes 
that  under  any  and  all  circumstances 
"diversification"  and  "intensive  farming" 
are  the  road  to  the  farmers'  salvation). 
There  may  possibly  be  points  at  which  his 
views  will  not  coincide  with  those  of 
other  close  students  of  his  subject. 

Not  Agriculture  Alone 

In  some  respects  his  departures  from 
orthodoxy  are  striking,  and  in  others 
slight;  perhaps  without  rather  extensive 
departures  it  may  be  impossible  to  come 
to  the  heart  of  the  problems  of  production 
and  consumption.  He  comes  very  near 
to  it,  we  think,  in  a  speech  by  the  U.  S. 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  which  is  quoted 
in  the  concluding  chapter,  to  the  effect 
that,  not  only  in  agriculture,  but  in 
industry  as  a  whole,  including  products 
"as  diverse  as  copper,  .  .  .  ana  textiles," 
and  lumber,  newsprint  and  other  com- 
modities, production  has  outrun  con- 
sumption, and  that  "world  buying  power 
is  not  being  maintained  at  a  satisfactory 
level.  Although  overproduction  in  a 
single  industry  is  a  matter  for  correction 
within  the  industry,  when  overproduction 
becomes  general  in  many  lines,  that  fact 
con.stitutes  prima  facie  evidence  that  it 
is  the  price  structure,  which  in  turn  is 
governed  by  the  monetary  situation, 
that  is  at  fault." 

In  this  the  U.  S.  Secretary  of  Agricul- 
ture, Mr.  Hyde,  and  Mr.  Peterson  who 
selects  the  passage  for  quotation,  seem 
to  approach  (though  they  do  not  pursue 
the  subject  to  its  conclusion)  the  position 
taken  by  H.  E.  Spencer,  M.P.,  in  the 
speech  reported  in  The  U.F.A.  of  the 
current  issue,  and  by  such  critics  of  our 
present  credit  system  as  Major  C.  H. 
Douglas.  But  the  problems  arising  from 
the  inadequacy  of  consumer  purchasing 
power  in  general  are  properly  not  the 
subject  of  this  book,  however  worthy  they 
may  be  of  separate  treatment. 

"The  value  of  the  book  to  the  reader  for 
reference  purposes  would  have  been 
enhanced  if  authorities  had  been  given 
not  only  in  some  but  in  all  cases  w  here 
statistical  tables  and  charts  are  used. 

— W.N.S. 

"Wheat— the  Riddle  of  Markets"  is 
obtainable  from  the  Farm  and  Ranch 
Review,  Ltd.,  price  $1.00. 


ABOLITION  OP  POVERTY. 

The  abolition  of  poverty  will  come. 
It  is  indeed  within  measurable  distance. 
Every  step  in  the  direction  of  co-opera- 
tive marketing  must  tend  to  educate  pro- 
ducers and  consumers  to  see  the  advant- 
ages of  Co-operation  on  a  basis  of  each 
for  all  and  oil  for  each.  The  old  belief 
that  man  must  be  governed  by  the  war- 
fare of  "nature,  red  in  tooth  and  claw"  is 
passing.  The  discovery  that  there  is  an 
abundance  for  all  when  people  work  in 
harmony  with  Nature,  may,  in  time, 
make  a  peaceful  revolution. — Ottawa  Citi- 
zen. 

O.S,A.  Distributes  Seed 

The  Olds  School  of  Agriculture,  through 
its  Experimental  Union,  is  distributing 
seeds  and  plants  listed  below,  free  of 
charge,  apart  from  the  fifty  cents'  mem- 
bership fee  to  the  Union.  Wheat,  Re- 
ward, Garnet,  Marquis;  Oats,  Victory, 
Alaska,  White  Cross,  Banner,  Liberty; 
Barley,  O.A.C.  21,  Trebi,  Himalyan;  Rye, 
Prolific  (Spring),  Rosen  CFall);  Peas, 
Carleton,  Golden  Vine;  Potatoes,  Netted 
Gem,  Early  Ohio,  Bovee.  Each  lot  of  the 
foregoing  will  consist  of  4  lbs.  Garden 
Peas,  Progress,  Perfection  (4  oz.);  Early 
Cabbage,  Golden  Acre  (J  oz.);  Early  Par- 
snip, Hollow  Crown  (1  oz.);  Grimm  Alf- 
alfa (2  oz.);  Raspberries,  King,  Turner, 
(12  plants);  Red  Currants,  Black  Currants 
(12  cuttings);  Willows,  Northwestern  and 
Russian  Poplar  (50  cuttings);  Caragana 
(50  plants);  Manitoba  Maple  ("12  plants); 
Timothy,  Gloria,  (4  oz.);  Western  Rye, 
Improved  Strain  (4  oz.);  Turnip,  Lord 
Derby,  (2  oz.);  Beans^  Golden  Wax, 
Refugee  (2  oz.);  Perennials  (Assortment 
12  roots);  Annual  Flowers,  Coreopsis 
(mixed  colors),  Linaria,  Baby's  Breath 
and  Chrysanthemums  (small  quantities 
of  each). 

Each  member  may  obtain  from  one 
to  five  of  any  of  the  above.  No  orders 
will  be  accepted  after  April  15th. 


New  Days- -New  Ways 

(By  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT) 

Fifty  years  ago  the  ox  cart  lumbering  laboriously 
along  at  the  rate  of  about  4  miles  an  hour.  Today, 
the  air  mail  roaring  through  the  heavens  at  more  than 
150  miles  an  hour.  One  minute  a  mere  speck  on  the 
horizon,  another  and  it  is  gone,  rushing  along  with 
its  messages  of  joy  or  sorrow,  its  prosaic  business 
letters,  or  merchandise  from  the  marts  of  the  world. 

The  new  Prairie  Air  link  reduces  the  time  for  mail 
to  reach  Wmnipeg  by  21  hours,  Montreal  by  24  hours 
and  New  York  by  36  hours. 

The  cost  of  this  modern  service  is  only  5o  for  the 
Ist  ounce  and  10c  for  each  additional  ounce  on  mail 
sent  anywhere  in  Canada  or  the  United  States. 

To  Great  Britain,  the  British  Empire,  France  and 
all  places  in  North  and  South  America  (except  Canada 
and  U.S.A.)  the  rate  is  7o  for  the  Ist  ounce  and  12o 
for  each  additional  ounce.  To  all  other  countries 
the  rate  is  13o  for  the  Ist  ounce  and  14c  for  each 
additional  oimoe. 

Where  it  is  desired  that  air  mail  be  conveyed  by 
air  from  England  to  any  European  country,  India, 
or  the  Orient;  or  from  the  United  States  to  Cuba, 
Mexico,  the  West  Indies  and  any  South  American 
country,  an  extra  fee  is  charged,  and  rates  will  gladly 
be  furnished  on  request. 


RAYON  FROM  BLACK  SPRUCE 

The  slow-growth  black  spruce  of  Nor- 
thern Canada  on  account  of  its  consistent 
yield  of  cellulos,  has  proved  to  be  the 
most  valuable  wood  in  the  world  for  the 
manufacture  of  pulp  used  in  rayon  manu- 
facture. 


8  (364) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  let,  1930 


The  Only  Road  to  Permanent  Peace 


How  the  Glutting  of  the  World's  Markets  Drives  the  Nations 
Towards  War—  "Peace  Largely  a  Matter  of  Consumption" 
—  The  Newer  Economics 


A  Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons 
By  H.  E.  SPENCER,  M.P. 


Two  important  contributions  to  the  discussion  of  the  causes  of  war  are 
printed  on  this  page.  The  first  is  the  report  of  a  speech  made  by  Henry  E. 
Spencer,  M.P.,  in  the  House  of  Commons  on  March  6th,  in  which  he  set 
fbrth  that  reduction  of  armaments  cannot  itself  ensure  peace  unless  the 
problem  of  consumption  of  goods  produced  for  the  markets  of  the  world  be 
solved.  The  second,  from  a  well-known  B  itish  weeklj'^  peiiodical,  deals 
with  a  special  phase  of  this  subject — the  influence  of  the  armaments  ring, 
Mr.  Spencer's  Fpeech  was  mnde  durii  };  a  debate  on  a  refolution  moved  by  Miss 
Agnes  Macphail,  M.P,  asking  that  for  every  hundred  dol'ars  spent  for  war 
one  dollar  be  spent  to  promote  peace  by  setting  up  a  chair  of  international 
relationships  and  by  instituting  international  scholarships  in  each  Cana- 
dian university.  Miss  Macphail,  in  the  course  of  an  eloquent  and  notable 
speech,  made  it  clear  that  she  was  concerned  less  with  the  actual  teims  of 
the  resolution  than  with  its  main  objective.  The  debate  continued  during 
two  succeeding  days,  and  an  amendment  by  William  Irvine,  M.P.,  was  carried, 
referring  the  resolution  to  the  committee  on  industrial  and  international 
relations  for  consideration  and  a  report  to  the  House.  The  resolution  em- 
bodied a  proposal  made  by  the  last  Annual  Convention  of  the  U.F.A. 

In  the  course  of  the  debate  Mr.  Spencer  said: 

The  subject  under  consideration  is  a  power  of  the  people,  and  if  you  ci:t  down 

very   important   one   indeed,    and    our  the  payroll  of  the  people  you  simply 

thanks  are  due  to  the  hen.  member  for  increase  the  quantity  of  the  goods  on  the 

Southeast    Grey    (Miss    Macphail)    for  shelves  that  cannot  be  sold, 
aprain  brincing  it  before  us.    Of  course 


there  are  many  views  in  repard  to  this 
question,  but  in  the  main  there  are  two 
schools  of  thoupht;  on  the  one  hand, 
those  who  believe  that  the  best  way  to 
prepare  for  peace  is  to  be  ready  for  war; 
and  on  the  other  hand,  those  who  think 
that  by  cutting  down  armr,ments  ve  can 
preserve  peace.  Personally  1  do  not 
think  either  school  is  right.  If  I  had  to 
choose  between  them  1  would  prefer  to 
accept  the  opinion  of  those  who  believe  in 
disarmament  because  less  harm  would  be 
done  at  the  outbreak  of  war;  and  in  my 
opinion  war  is  inevitable  while  present 
economic  world  conditions  continue. 

What  are  the  causes  of  w  ar?  In  times 
gone  by  we  had  religious  wars;  I  think 
those  are  a  thing  of  the  past.  We  have 
had  territorial  wars;  I  think  they  also 
are  of  the  past.  We  have  had  wars 
brought  about  by  national  animosity; 
surely  with  our  peace  conferences  and 
the  various  nrbitration  and  peace  treaties 
of  the  last  two  or  three  years  we  have  eot 
beyond  that  stage.  Then  why  is  it  that 
everyl  ody  thinks  that  war  is  inevitable? 
It  is  because  people  realize  that  most  wars 
originate  in  economic  rivalry.  And  v\  hen 
we  have  found  what  is  wrong  in  the 
economic  sense,  and  taken  the  proper 
corrective  measures,  we  shall  have  made 
war  impossible  by  removing  the  cavi.se. 

It  seems  to  me,  Mr.  Speaker,  that  we 
have  not  given  sufficient  study  to  the 
result  of  the  mechanization  of  industry. 
Today  through  that  great  revolution  in 
industry,  through  the  aid  of  science  and 
invention,  there  is  no  difficult}'  at  nil  in 
producing  greater  and  greater  <;uantities 
of  poods  with  less  and  less  man  lower. 
In  other  w  ords,  w  e  are  rapidly  transferring 
the  lead  frc  m  the  shculders  of  men  to 
machines.  In  doing  this  we  are  of  course 
throwing  more  and  more  men  out  of 
employment.  Even  in  Canada  today  we 
are  up  against  a  big  problem  of  unem- 
ployment. This  I  roblem  confronts  the 
United  States  and  Cieat  Britain  and 
most  other  countries  of  the  world  to  a 
Btill  greater  extent.  We  have  to  recognize 
the  fact  that  the  pajToll  is  the  purchasing 


Problem  of  Production  Solved 

The  problem  of  production  has  been 
solved;  we  now  have  before  us  the  prob- 
lem of  consumption.  What  is  the  usual 
suggestion  as  a  means  of  getting  out  of 
this  dilemma?  The  most  orthodox  sug- 
gestion is  to  produce  more,  to  consume 
less,  and  to  export  the  surplus.  To  my 
mind  that  suggestion  is  absolutely  absurd. 
According  to  my  knowledge  oi  economics, 
with  all  the  money  paid  out  in  the  cost 
of  production  it  is  impossible  to  buy  back 
the  goods  In  the  figure  of  price.  At  least 
some  economists  go  so  far  as  to  say  that 
we  do  not  spend  more  than  sixty  cents 
of  the  producer's  dollar. 

If  we  have  not  the  money  to  buy  back 
the  surplus  goods  we  export,  how  are  we 
to  have  the  money  to  buy  the  goods  that 
are  imported  in  exchange  for  the  goods 
sent  out  of  the  country?  The  biggest 
struggle  in  the  world  today  is  the  effort 
made  by  all  countries  to  fnd  markets 
outside  their  own  borders.  In  peace  we 
have  economic  war;  on  the  other  hand  it 
might  w'ell  be  said  that  "war  is  economic 
peace,"  because  in  peace  times,  with  a 
curtailment  of  credit,  you  have  not  suffi- 
cient purchasing  power  to  }iny  back  the 
goods  that  are  made.  Credit  is  put  in 
operation  to  produce  more  goods,  but 
not  to  purchase  goods,  and  therefore  we 
arc  coniiiiucllii  prcdudng  more  and  more 
goods  for  am  already  i/lul  id  market. 

It  is  this  struggle  of  one  country  com- 
peting against  another  for  similar  markets 
that  is  creating  the  economic  warfare. 
W  hen  w  ar  breaks  out,  as  it  unfortunately 
does  now  and  again,  we  have  economic 
peace,  bccau.se  then  there  is  no  such  thing 
as  a  consumer's  problem.  War  is  the 
greatest  consumci  of  goods  in  a  given 
time,  and  so  we  fnd  that  in  war  time 
everyone  is  prMty  well  off,  everyone 
has  money.  Poverty  is  at  its  low  est  ebb. 
If  we  do  not  have  war,  we  have  the  accu- 
mulation of  goods  and  increased  unem- 
ployment. 

Fault  in  Credit  System 
In  the  la.st   hundred  years  we  have 
advanced  tremendously  in  the  matter  of 


industry;  we  have  revolutionized  the  pro- 
duction of  goods,  but  during  that  last 
hundred  j-ears  we  have  carried  on  with 
an  old  .  credit  system  that  was  all  right 
in  the  old  days  but  which  does  not  fit 
our  conditions  of  today.  As  long  as  we 
stay  with  this  policy  of  exchange  that 
is  out  of  date,  then  just  so  long  shall  we 
have  'before  us  the  very  serious  problem 
of  getting  rid  of  the  goods  that  are  pro- 
duced. Various  suggestions  have  been 
made  for  the  solving  of  this  problem. 
Some  supFcst  the  elimination  of  arma- 
ments. That  certainly  would  help  to 
the  extent  that  if  war  did  break  out  fewer 
people  would  be  killed  in  a  given  time; 
but  if  3'ou  take  the  people  away  from 
the  making  of  goods,  in  the  way  of  arma- 
ments, you  increase  more  and  more  the 
number  of  unemployed.  Another  way  to 
solve  the  problem  is  to  get  rid  of  people. 
Great  Britain  is  doing  her  level  best  to 
migrate  her  people.  The  United  States 
is  doing  her  very  best  to  keen  people 
from  coming  into  her  country.  The  mat- 
ter of  birth  control  has  also  been  suggested 
and  yet  none  of  these  seem  to  me  to  be  a 
solution  of  the  problem. 

In  supporting  the  amendment  to  the 
resolution  placed  before  the  house  by  the 
hon.  member  for  Southeast  Grey,  I  do 
so  because  I  think  we  might,  in  that 
committee,  secure  certain  information 
that  would  be  useful  to  the  house. 
But  I  agree  with  the  hon.  member  for 
Wetaskiwin  (Mr.  Ir\ine),  that  even  if 
we  do  set  up  international  scholarships, 
if  the  scholars  are  taught  not  along  the 
lines  of  the  newer  economics  but  simply 
in  accordance  with  the  present  methods 
of  teaching — which,  by  the  way,  have 
brought  us  to  this  checkmate — then  I  say 
we  would  not  be  gaining  our  end.  If  we 
can  ensure  the  tea'hing  to  the  students 
of  the  newer  economics,  and  if  these  stu- 
dent.s,  with  their  ability,  can  go  out  into 
the  world  and  preach  those  new'cr  econo- 
mics, they  will  be  doing  something  to 
solve  those  questions  which  relate  to  the 
purchasing  power  of  the  people.  The 
resolution  is  an  excellent  one  and  should 
be  passed  by  the  house. 

In  summing  up,  Mr.  Speaker,  I  would 
say  that  peace  is  largely  a  matter  of  con- 
sumption. When  we  have  solved  the 
problem  of  consumrition,  made  it  possible 
for  the  iieople  of  the  world  to  enjoy  the 
goods  of  the  world — which  they  are  doing 
today  only  to  a  very  small  extent— we 
will  get  rid  of  the  miseries  of  war  and 
poverty  and  ciime,  and  all  those  things 
that  are  detrimental  to  any  nation,  even 
to  our  own. 


Light  on  the  Armaments  Ring 

By  E.  MIDGLEY  in  The  New  Leader 
The  invc'stigations  now  in  progress 
concerning  the  allegations  contained  in 
Ilerr  Otto  Lehmann-Russbuldt's  book, 
"The  Bloody  International  of  the  .Arma- 
ments Industry"  (published  in  Germany), 
is  an  appropriate  moment  to  recall  the 
stiitements  made  in  this  important  book. 
Mr.  Lehmann-Russbuldt  has  done  a 
valuable  service  in  destroying  any  lin- 
gering illusions  as  to  the  patriotic  virtues 
of  big  business  in  wartime. 

(Continued  on  page  52) 


April  iBi,  1930 


TH  E    U.  F.  A. 


(265)  9 


High  Lights  in  the  Debates  in  the  Federal  Parliament 

U.F.A.  Groap  Seek  Abrogation  of  Australian  Treaty— No 

Federal  Aid  for  Highways— Estimates  to  Go  to  Select  By  W.  T.  LUCAS,  M.P. 

Committees — Parliament  and  Divorce— Liquor  Clearances 


According  to  the  rules  of  Parliament, 
when  the  Finance  Minister  wishes  to  fto 
nto  Committee  of  Supply  on  the  first 
three  days  of  the  week,  he  does  so  by  mov- 
ing the  fullering  motion: 

That  Mr.  Speaker   do   now  leave 

the  Chair  for  the    House   to  resolve 

itself  iDto  Committee  of  Supply. 

This  is  an^anrient  custom  and  preserves 
to  the  representatives  of  the  people  an 
opportunity  to  present  grievances  before 
granting  supply  to  His  Majesty.  On 
March  4th,  when  said  motion  was  moved, 
Mr.  Senn,  Conservative,  moved  the  fol- 
lowing amendment:  "That  all  the  words 
after  the  word  'that'  be  iftruck  out  and 
the  following  substituted  therefor: 

"In  the  opinion  of  this  House  Ordcr- 
in-Coumil  No.  1757  passed  on  the 
2blh  day  of  September,  1925,  respect- 
ing certain  trade  arrangements  with 
the  Dominion  of  New  Zenliind,  should 
be  rescinded  forlhnitb  and  immediate 
steps  taken  to  negotiate  a  treaty  «ith 
that  Dominion  on  fair  and  equitable 
terms." 

In  1 925  Canada  negotiated  a  treaty  with 
Australia  iu  which  the  two  Dominions  ex- 
tended to  each  other  certain  advantages 
in  respect  to  lower  tariffs.  There  was 
also  a  clause  inserted  in  which  it  was 
staled  that  the  provisions  of  the  treaty 
could  by  order-in-council  upon  request 
be  extended  to  any  other  British  Domin- 
ion. New  Zealand  took  advantage  of 
this  clause  and  asked  that  the  provisions 
of  the  Australian  Treaty  be  extended  to 
her,  and  the  Canadian  Government  by 
Order-in-Council  No.  1757  made  the 
Australian  treaty  applicable  to  New 
Zealand.  So  that  in  effect  it  is  the  same 
as  if  a  treaty  had  been  negotiated  with 
both  countries. 

•    •  • 

Under  the  terms  of  the  treaty  the  dutyv 
on  fresh  meals  imported  into  Canada  was 
reduced  from  3c.  to  ic.  per  lb.;  eggs  from 
2c.  per  dozen  to  free;  butter  from  4c 
per  lb.  to  Ic;  honey  from  3c.  to  free; 
tomatoes  and  other  vegetables  from  l^c. 
per  lb.  to  free;  also  a  reduction  on  some 
other  farm  produce. 

In  order  to  give  Australian  raisins  a 
prelerence  in  the  Canadian  market,  the 
general  tariff  on  raisins  was  raised  from 
2-3  of  one  cent  to  3c.  uer  lb.,  and  raiaina 
from  Australia  enterea  free. 

In  return  lur  these  changes  in  the  Cana- 
dian tariff,  the  Australian  tariff  was  ma- 
terially reduced  on  printing  machinery, 
typewriters,  cash  registers,  computing 
machines,  newsprint,  gla;^ed  and  unglazed 
paper,  iron  and  steel  tubes,  automobiles, 
gloves,  corsets,  goloshes,  and  on  hsh, 
dried,  smoked  or  preserved.  So  that  it 
w  ill  be  noticed  that  a  bat  little  protection 
the  Canadian  farmer  en;oyed  was  re- 
moved in  order  to  beneht  the  already 
highly  protected  industries.  The  Cana- 
dian larmer  received  no  advantages  in  the 
Australian  or  New  Zealand  markets,  but 
was  subjected  to  a  keen  competition  from 
these  countries  in  his  home  market,  and 
on  top  of  this  was  compelled  to  pay  2  1/3 
cents  per  lb.  on  all  the  raisins  he  consumed. 

In  regard  to  butter,  in  1925  our  total 
imports  from  all  countries  amounted  to 
198,341  lbs.,  vhile  in  1928,  total  importe 


amounted  to  35,928.249  lbs.,  New  Zea- 
land sending  33,764,4fi4  lbs.,  and  Aus- 
tralia, 271,000  lbs.  In  1925  total  im- 
porte of  meats  was  valued  at  $4,981,456, 
while  in  1929  it  had  risen  to  $7,432,660. 

A  very  funny  situnlion  developed 
during  this  debate.  I  might  say  here 
that  an  amendment  on  going  into  supply 
is  always  treated  by  the  Covernment  as  a 
vole  of  want  of  confiden<'e,  for  if  it 
should  carry  it  means  supply  could  not  be 
granted  and  therefore  tne  Government 
would  be  unable  to  carry  on.  However,  a 
Government  which  has  a  majority  can 
and  usually  does  w  hat  it  like<«,  and  on  this 
occasion,  no  doubt  ^eosinc  public  opinion 
was  b»,  ing  aroused  over  the  discrimination 
shown  to  atcri'  ulture  in  said  treaty,  the 
Government  had  one  of  its  own  meml>er8 
move  an  amendment  to  the  amendtneiit 
as  follows:  "That  all  the  words  after 
'  be  '  in  the  fourth  line  be  struck  out 
and  the  following  substituted  therefor: 
"Superseded  a#  soon  as  possible  by 

a  treaty'  with  thut  Dominion  and  that 

immediate  steps  should  be  taken  to 

negotiate  such  treaty." 

When  the  vote  was  taken  we  had  the 
peculiar  situation  of  the  Government 
voting  to  defeat  itself,  and  the  opposition 
TotinK  to  save  the  Government.  Under 
these  circumstances  and  because  of  the 
fact  that  the  Covernment  had  taken 
from  us  the  right  to  move  a  sub-amend- 
ment setting  forth  our  viewpoint,  our 
group  for  the  first  time  refused  to  vote 
on  either  amendment,  but  as  soon  as  the 
Government  again  moved  to  go  into 
supply,  Mr  Gardiner  mo\eQ  at  an  amend- 
ment the  resolution  passed  at  our  annual 
U.f.A.  Convention,  calling  upon  the 
Government  to  denounce  the  Australian 
Treaty.  The  debate  at  this  time  has 
not  been  concluded. 

*    *  • 

A  very  interesting  debate  took  place 
on  the  motion  of  Mr.  Kellner,  asking 


W.  T.  LUCAS.  M.P, 


that  the  Federal  Government  consider 
the  advisability  of  a  further  substantial 
grant  for  highway  construction.  The 
discussion  centred  largely  on  the  construc- 
tion of  an  all-Canadian  highway.  Strong 
arguments  were  put  forth  in  favor  of 
sufh  an  undertaking,  but  the  Govern- 
ment maintained  that  this  work  belonged 
to  the  Provinces  and  voted  solidly 
against  it,  while  Conservatives  and  in- 
dependent groups  voted  for  it. 

*  •  * 

On  March  12th,  the  writer  introduced 
a  motion  asking  that  the  estimates  be 
referred  to  select  standing  committees, 
before  being  submitted  to  the  committee 
of  the  whole^  the  idea  being  that  an 
economy  in  time  and  expenditure  might 
be  effected.  It  is  hoped  that  in  being 
able  to  call  officials  from  any  depart- 
ment before  the.se  committees,  much 
more  detailed  information  may  be  se- 
cured in  regard  to  proposed  expenditures. 
Uiider  present  conditions,  nours  are 
sometimes  s|  ent  wrangling  over  a  vote 
of  a  few  thousand  dollars,  and  then  at  the 
close  of  the  seseions  millions  are  rushed 
tbrough  without  proper  conaideratioa 
by  the  House.  I  am  pleased  to  say 
that  this  motion  received  favorable  con- 
sideration and  with  a  slight  amendment 
was  adopted. 

*  •  • 

On  the  following  day  Mr.  Luchko- 
vich  moved  a  resolution  asking  that  the 
grant  for  technical  education  be  continued 
for  another  ten  years.  The  Prime  Minis- 
ter invoked  the  B.  N.  A.  Act  to  show  that 
education  was  a  duty  primarily  assigned 
to  the  Provinces  and  stated  the  Provinces 
were  to-day  in  a  relatively  better  position 
to  meet  an  obligation  of  this  kind  than 
ever  before.  The  debate  was  not  con- 
cluded. 

*  •  • 

A  very  tense  feeling  has  developed  in 
the  House  this  session  over  the  Bill 
introduced  by  Mr.  VVoodsworth,  having 
as  its  object  the  creation  of  divorce  courts 
iu  the  Province  ol  Ontario.  The  purpose 
of  the  bill  is  two-fold,  first,  to  relieve 
Parliament  of  the  task  of  deciding  upon 
and  granting  divorce;  second,  to  place 
the  granting  of  divorce  in  Ontario  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  courts  of  that 
Province  so  that  more  effective  methods 
may  be  followed  in  dealing  with  such 
cases  to  secure  justice  to  the  parties 
seeking  divorce  and  to  their  children. 
When  the  bill  came  up  for  second  reuding, 
the  vote  was  declared  a  tie,  but  was  de- 
clared carried  by  the  casting  vote  of  the 
Speaker.  A  recounting  of  the  vote  in- 
dicated that  there  was  one  more  vote 
against  the  bill  than  at  first  reported, 
which  showed  the  bill  lost  without  the 
Speaker's  vote.  However,  in  order  to 
clear  up  any  misunderstanding,  William 
Irvine  moved  to  have  the  bill  restored 
to  its  place  on  the  order  paper  and  this 
carried  by  a  majority  of  seventeen. 

A  bill  introduced  by  Mr.  Bourassa  to 
amend  the  Marriage  and  Divorce  Act, 
which  apparently  had  for  its  object  the 
repeal  ol  the  Divorce  Act  of  1926,  which 
was  passed  by  this  Parliament  for  the 
purpose  of  putting  the  two  sexes  in  the 
Western  Provinces  on  a  basis  ol  equality, 
im  BO  far  as  divorce  vas  concerned,  vas  I 


10  (300) 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


April  let,  1930 


am  pleased  to  say  defenfed  by  a  majority 
of  fifty-six  and  was  supported  only  by  a 
few  members  outside  the  Proyince  of 
Quebec. 

On  Friday,  March  14th,  the  Prime 
Minister  introduced  Bill  No.  15  to 
amend  the  Export  Act,  which  has  for  its 
purpose  the  refusal  of  clearances  of 
liquor  to  countries  where  importation  is 
forbidden.  The  Prime  Minister  spoke 
at  preat  length  on  the  question  and 
stated  the  Bill  was  purely  a  Canadian 
measure  intended  to  safeguard  the  morale 
of  our  own  public  service  and  to  do  duty 
as  we  see  it  towards  our  neighbor. 

The  leader  of  the  opposition  also  spoke 
at  great  length,  and  while  he  stated  he 
would  support  the  bill  he  severely  cri- 
ticized the  Government  for  not  taking 
action  sooner,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the 
Customs  Committee  and  the  Royal 
Commission  appointed  in  1926  reported 
in  favor  of  the  refusal  of  clearances  to  the 
United  States.  fie  pointed  out  that 
while  the  Convention  entered  into  be- 
tween Canada  and  the  United  States  in 
1924  for  the  suppression  of  smuggUng 


between  both  countries  had  not  proved 
satisfactory,  the  United  States  had  made 
further  representations  to  Canada,  part 
of  which  were  aa  follows:  "It  remains 
convinced  that  the  only  effective  means 
of  dealing  with  the  smuggling  problem 
along  the  border  is  the  eoncluoion  of  a 
treaty  amending  the  Convention  of 
June  6th,  1924,  to  the  end  that  clearances 
be  denied  to  shipments  of  commodities 
from  either  country  when  their  importa- 
tion is  prohibited  in  the  other." 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  United 
States  signified  its  willingness  to  negotiate 
a  new  treaty  on  the  above  lines,  it  does 
seem  that  would  have  been  the  most 
satisfactory  manner  to  have  dealt  with 
this  troublesome  question.  It  would 
have  been  a  reciprocal  arrangement, 
while  under  the  present  bill  Canada  gets 
nothing  in  return  for  her  action.  While 
some  doubt  is  expressed  as  to  whether 
the  present  bill  will  have  the  desired 
effect,  there  is  almost  an  unanimous 
opinion  in  the  House  that  our  Canadian 
officials  should  not  lend  their  assistance 
to  the  breaking  of  the  laws  of  a  friendly 
neighbor. 


Editorial  Note. — Since  Mr.  Lucas'  re- 
view of  proceedings  in  the  House  was 
written,  certain  matters  dealt  with  have 
come  to  a  definite  issue.  A  sub-amend- 
ment to  Mr.  Gardiner's  amendment  on 
the  Australian  Treaty  was  moved  by 
Hon.  H.  H.  Stevens,  Conservative  mem- 
ber for  Vancouver  Centre,  urging  the 
Government  to  take  steps  to  revise  the 
treaty.  This  was  defeated  on  March 
28th  by  103  votes  to  51;  and  Mr.  Gar- 
diner's amendment  was  then  voted  on, 
being  defeated  by  141  votes  to  16. 

On  March  24th,  Premier  King  inti- 
mated that  a  treaty  designed  to  suppress 
the  smuggling  of  merchandise  generally 
between  Canada  and  the  United  States 
was  being  negotiated  between  the  two 
countries. 

The  bill  to  amend  the  Liquor  Export 
Act,  whose  conditions  are  described  by 
Mr.  Lucps,  passed  third  reading  on 
March  25tL,  by  a  vote  of  173  to  11. 

Mr.  Woodsworth's  bill  respecting  di- 
vorce, which  was  restored  to  the  order 
paper  i  fter  being  lost  on  division,  has 
not  as  yet  again  come  to  8  vote  in  the 
House. 


Some  Further  Features  of  the  Wheat  Situation 

Grower  Must  Face  Realities  in  Order  to  Meet  Them  Intelligently 

— An  Important  Address  by  Dr.  Newton— Protein  Content  By  JAMES  P.  WATSON 

and  the  Overseas  Miller — The  "Equal  to  Marquis"  Idea  SvQ 


We  publish  helow  the  third  of  an 
important  series  of  articles  on  the 
wheat  situation  by  James  P.  Watson. 
Previous  articles  appeared  in  The 
U.F.A.  of  March  Ist  and  .March 
15ih,— Editor. 

In  these  brief  reviews  of  wheat  condi- 
tiouE,  readers  will  have  noticed  that  there 
was  nothing  very  original  about  anyt  hing 
said.  It  is  only  a  process  of  repetition, 
until  by  and  by  it  finds  a  subconscious 
level  in  the  mind  of  the  grower.  The 
grower  must  understand  the  situation, 
and  face  it  without  illusion,  if  his  power 
of  resistance  to  adverse  influences  and  hia 
loyalty  to  his  fellows  is  to  increase  in- 
telligently, on  the  assumption  that  "it  is 
better  to  take  up  arms  against  a  sea  of 
troubles,  and  by  opposing,  end  them," 
than  to  be  stampeded  in  ignorance  back 
to  the  pit  from  which  he  was  just  emerg- 
ing. 

This  article  will  serve  two  purposes;  it 
will  continue  the  discussion  of  the  wheat 
situation,  and  at  the  same  time  give  you 
the  essence  of  an  address  before  the 
Agricultural  Committee  of  the  Assembly 
by  Dr.  Newton,  field  crops  professor 
at  the  University.  Professor  Newton 
was  sent  overseas  by  the  National  Re- 
search Council  to  investigate  the  feasi- 
bility of  adopting  the  protein  method  of 
grading  Canadian  gr)>in.  So  the  thoughts 
expressed  here  w  ill  be  mainly  Dr.  New- 
ton's. 

The  reason  for  the  venture  overseas 
was  because  in  the  United  States  protein 
content  had  been  successfully  used  as  a 
factor  in  grading.  This  success  was  due 
to  the  general  fact  th»it  the  average  pro- 
tein content  of  U.S.  wheat  was  low,  and 
millers  were  prepared  to  pay  a  premium 
for  the  higher  qualities.  In  the  U.S. 
80  per  cent  of  the  wheat  crop  is  consumed 
At  nume.  In  Canada,  80  per  cent  is  ex- 
ported. In  the  U.S.  the  wheat  is  sold 
to  the  miller  for  the  most  part.  In 
Britain  the  Canadian  orop  has  usually 


betn  sold  first  to  the  merchant,  then  by 

the  merchant  to  the  mjller. 

*    *  * 

From  this  point  Professor  Newton  asks 
questions  of  the  British  miller.  Would 
you  favor  the  adoption  of  the  protein 
content  as  a  factor  in  grading  Canadian 
grain?  What  are  your  -chief  objections 
to  it?  Let  us  consider  the  replies  to 
these  two  questions,  as  they  bring  out  a 
mass  of  information  on  baking  and  baking 
systems.  First,  the  miller  and  baker  say 
there  is  no  relationship  between  protein 
content  and  baking  strength,  ana  if  no 
relationship,  then  its  adoption  as  a  sys- 
tem would  be  useless.  They  then  com- 
pare the  different  kinds  of  bread  in 
Canada  with  those  in  the  United  Kingdom. 
In  Canada  the  structure  of  the  loaf  is 
ditferent;  it  is  set  to  rise  with  an  elastic 
framework,  retains  the  gas,  and  forms  a 
well  piled  loaf  with  a  very  strong  flour. 
In  Britain  and  in  fact  all  over  Europe, 
they  use  a  m.uch  weaker  flour,  they  desire 
a  smaller  loaf  with  a  closer  texture,  a 
mellower  product;  and  certain  officials 
in  the  baking  industry  had  characterised 
the  Canadian  type  as  harsh  and  full  of 
wind.  The  British  loaf  is  composed  of 
white  wheats  which  in  themselves  are 
not  strong  enough,  and  high  protein 
wheats  such  as  Canadian  are  used  in 
small  quantities  to  give  the  dough  a 
"hft."  The  higher  the  protein  content 
the  less  quantity  is  neeaed  to  fill  that 
function. 

Main  objections  to  the  adoption  of  the 
test  was  that  any  such  test  in  Canada 
was  merely  mechanical,  and  did  not  give 
evidence  of  quality  as  well  as  quantity. 
Millers  were  used  to  dealing  with  samples 
in  their  own  way,  a  kind  of  wash  te.st  for 
protein  and  a  baking  test  to  establish 
its  suitability  for  their  purpose.  They 
were  emphatic  in  this,  that  they  were 
getting  their  protection  from  our  standard 
certificated  grades.  They  knew  what  to 
expect  when  purchasing  any  of  the  con- 
tract grades,  and  they  could  base  the 
baking  strength  of  any  flour  on  the  num- 


ber of  sound,  hard  red  vitreous  kernel 
equal  to  Marquis  contained  in  the  certi- 
ficated standard  sample. 

Get  that  "equal  to  Marquis"  idea,  for 
on  that  the  professor  built  up  an  indis- 
putable case  for  the  preservation  of  the 
identity  of  different  wheats,  the  danger 
of  growing  and  mixing  different  varieties; 
somewhat  reluctantly  affirming  against 
the  qualities  of  Garnet.  His  investiga- 
tion broueht  the  information  that  30  per 
cent  of  Marquis  gave  the  same  results 
obtained  by  the  use  of  fifty  per  cent 
Garnet. 

«    «  • 

Apart  from  the  impracticability  of 
setting  up  a  baking  test  allied  with  the 
protein  factor  in  Canada  from  a  marketing 
point  of  view,  owing  to  the  time  feature, 
the  main  difficulty  was  the  INNATE 
CONSERVATISM  of  the  British  baker 
against  new  methods.  But  that  was  not 
the  whole  story.  There  was  the  question 
of  volume.  High  protein  wheat  is  usu- 
ally composed  of  small  hard  kernels. 
That  meant  less  flour  per  bushel  than 
from  big  starchy  kernels.  This,  he  said, 
was  why  Au.stralian  white  wheat  always 
sold  at  a  higher  price  level  than  three 
northern.  ("The  Professor  is  stating  the 
case  as  from  1923  up  until  August,  1929, 
During  that  period  the  price  ranged  from 
5  to  7  cents  in  favor  of  Australian,  but 
from  August,  1929,  up  until  the  end  of 
January  this  year,  Canadian,  No.  3,  was 
quoted  5  to  8  cents  higher  than  Austra- 
han.  And  up  to  that  time  some  98 
million  bushels  had  been  exported,  so 
that  some  No.  3  must  have  been  selling 
at  these  quotations.)  Australian  he  claim- 
ed was  much  drier,  containing  several 
per  cent  less  moisture,  had  a  good  color, 
and  was  desired  on  account  of  the  extra 
brightness  it  gave  the  flour.  These 
points  were  used  to  illustrate  that  strength 
was  not  the  only  desired  factor. 

Coming  again  to  these  United  States 
and  Canada,  millers  mill  flour  to  a  de- 
finite chemical  standard.  For  bakery  use 
that  standard,  is  eay,  13  per  cent  protein; 


April  l8t,  1930 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


for  household  use,  say  11  per  cent.  A 
wheat  nith  a  low  ash  content  is  desirable. 

In  Europe  what  is  wanted  is  not  a 
chemical  standard,  but  a  flour  that  can 
be  said  to  have  a  standard  BAKING 
BEHAVIOR.  This  is  acconnplished  bv 
getting  wheats  from  all  over  the  worla. 
milling  them  io  the  test  mills,  baking,  ana 
so  on,  and  it  bad  been  found  over  a  long 
period  that  general  satisfaction  had  been 
obtained  from  the  use  of  from  40  to  45 
per  cent  Manitobas.  One  large  mill, 
during  a  low  price  period  a  year  ago, 
used  70  per  cent  Manitobas,  only  to  have 
received  complaints  from  baker  customers, 
and  had  to  drop  again  to  45  per  cent. 

Dr.  Newton  visited  the  famous  Lyons, 
Ltd.,  where  he  was  shown  figures  which 
proved  that  Lyons  preferred  and  used 
Canadian.  When  piices  of  Canadian 
wheat  went  higher  last  year,  Lyons  im- 
ported Canadian  milled  flour  to  satisfy 
that  desire.  The  manager  of  the  bakery 
tried  to  introduce  the  bigger  loaf  a  la 
Canada,  but  other  bakers  objected  very 
strenuously. 

•  •  • 

At  this  point  a  very  discouraging  ele- 
ment was  introduced.  In  England,  dur- 
ing the  last  struggle,  millers  had  made 
use  of  larger  quantities  of  cheap  Argen- 
tinas  to  make  up  for  a  reduced  percentage 
of  Canadas.  Manitobas  had  dropped  to 
25  per  cent  in  some  cases;  in  a  few  io- 
Btances  to  10  per  cent,  and  Dr.  Newton 
feared  that  it  had  dropped  in  one  or  two 
points  to  zero.  Bahia  Blancas  were  of 
exceptional  quality.  Even  Kosafe  was 
of  splendid  quality.  But  nevertheless 
this  had  been  offset  since  by  complsint 
on  the  part  of  the  consumer  of  deteriora- 
tion of  bread,  and  a  bold  statement  that 
it  was  no  longer  fit  to  eat. 

Proposals  to  establish  a  single  Canadian 
Demonstration  bakery  were  futile.  Bak- 
ers in  England  refused  to  consider  the 
installation  of  the  electrical  high  speed 
mixer  as  in  Canada,  a  machine  which 
subjected  the  dough  to  cave  man  tactics, 
and  battered  and  broke  up  the  globules 
or  w  hatever  it  is  in  the  gluten  to  make  the 
loaf  mellow.  Why  should  they  install 
machinery  to  make  them  use  Canadian 
w  heat  il  they  had  to  pay  a  higher  price 
for  Canadian?  That's  a  wow,  can  you 
answer  it? 

The  importers  preferred  to  stay  on  the 
present  basis  of  Canadian  certificate  final, 
though  a  sore  point  was  that  a  certificate 
ibsued  at  Fort  William  did  not  pi  event 
tampering  at  Montreal.  There  was  no 
appeal  from  final  certificate  as  was  found 
in  the  case  of  the  fair-average-quaiity 
system  of  other  countries.  However,  the 
professor  thought  the  introduction  of  the 
75-25  standard  would  rectify  that. 
Wheat  which  was  bought  for  future  de- 
livery could  have  no  guarantee  of  protein 
content  at  time  of  sale  to  cover  delivery 
eay  three  months  later. 

•  •  • 

Leaving  England  the  professor  then 
went  to  foreign  countries  to  ask  que»- 
tions.  In  Scotland  he  found  a  distinct 
preference  for  Canadian.  The  system 
here  is  quite  distinct  in  that  the  millers 
grind  w  heats  separately,  preserving  the 
identity  of  varieties  from  the  various 
countries.  Then  the  bakers  do  the 
blending  to  euit  themselves.  The  long 
process  is  much  in  use,  requiring  a 
strong  fiour.  But  even  here  there  was  a 
tendency  to  reduce  the  period,  and  the 
Scottish  Co-op.  had  obtained  an  average 
of  7i  hours  at  its  bakeries.  This  per- 
mitted the  use  of  weaker  wheats,  and  one 
type  which  was  otlering  real  competition 
to  Manitobas  in  Scotland,  aa  in  Europe 


generally,  is  what  is  known  aa  Gulf  hard 
red  winter,  grown  in  Kansas,  U.S.A. 

In  Norway,  the  previous  mix  of  75 
per  cent  Manitobas  was  being  curtailed 
some.  In  France  and  Italy,  where  pro- 
tective temporary  tarifTs  were  imposed 
to  enable  the  sale  of  the  exceptionally 
large  crops  grown  at  home,  the  millers 
said  they  were  not  interested  in  protein 
tests,  as  they  would  buy  in  the  cheapest 
market  irrespective  of  tests.  Germany, 
with  its  scientific  mind,  was  more  favor- 
able to  the  idea. 

•    •  • 

Summing  up,  Professor  Newton  said 
that  constancy  of  quality  is  the  only 
hope  of  Canadian  maintaining  itself,  and 
that  constancy  would  find  its  own  price 
level.  Indiscriminate  adulteration  not 
only  reduced  the  value  of  the  adulterated 
but  created  undeserved  price  levels  for 
the  better  qualities.  Varieties  other  than 
Marquis  should  be  kept  separate,  as  this 
enabled  the  miller  to  temper  properly 
before  going  to  the  rolls.  Some  used 
steam  hatha,  some  hot  water,  some  cold 
baths,  and  so  on,  and  certain  wheats  re- 
quirea  these  different  processes  and  vary- 
ing duration  of  tempering,  so  that  mixing 
varieties  here  was  detrimental. 


Wheat  Pool  Meetings 

(By  Pool  Publicity  Dept.) 


April  1. 

Riviere-Qui-Barre — 8  p.m.,  conducted  by 

A.  P.  Brown  and  L.  Normandeau. 
Aldersyde — 8  p.m.,  conducted  by  E.  E. 

Eisenhauer  and  W,  S.  Morrison. 
Borshchow — 7     p.m^  conducted  by  A. 

W.  Fraser  and  A.  D.  Babiuk. 
Amisk — 2   p.m.,   conducted   by   A.  C. 

Walmsley  and  J.  A.  Cameron. 
Rosyth — 8  p.m.,  conducted   by  A.  C, 

Walmsley  and  J.  A.  Cameron. 
Compeer — 3  p.m.,  C.  A.  Fawcett  and  L. 

Hutchinson. 
Winnifred— 2:30  p.m.,  A.  W.  Framme,  C. 

Jensen  and  N.  Nelson. 
Whitla — 8  p.m.,  A.  W.  Framme,  C.  Jen- 
sen, and  N.  Nelson. 
Hackett   Model   School — 8  p.m.,  Geo. 

Chard  with  lantern. 
Jarrow — 2  p.m.,  Andrew  Holmberg,  Geo. 

Bennett  and  J.  P.  Watson. 

April  2. 

Egg  Lake — 8  p.m.,  A.  R.  Brown  and  L. 

Normandeau. 
Okotoks — 8  p.m.,  E.  E.  Eisenhauer  and 

W.  S.  Morrison. 
Padola  School — 7  p.m.,  A.  W.  Fraser  and 

A.  D.  Babiuk. 
Loyalist — 2  p.m.,  W.  Wraight  and  L. 

Hutchinson. 
Throne— 8  p.m.,   W.   Wraight  and  L. 

Hutchinson. 
Lougheed — 2  p.m.,  A.  C.  Walmsley  and 

J.  A.  Cameron. 
Grassy  Lake— 8  p.m.,  A.  W.  Framme,  C. 

Jensen  and  N,  Nelson. 
Foremost— 2:30  p.m.,  J.  D.  Madill  and 

Geo.  Bennett. 
Viking — 8  p.m.,  A.  Holmberg,  Geo.  Ben- 
nett and  J.  P.  Watson. 
Wiese  Local — Evening,  George  Chard. 
April  3 

Morinville — 8  p.m.,  A.  R.  Brown  and  L. 

Normandeau. 
Paraskewa  School — 7  p.m.,  A.  W.  Fraser 

and  A.  D.  Babiuk. 
Coronation — 2  p.m.,  W.  Wraight  and  L. 

Hutchinson. 
Poplar  Park  School — 3  p.m.,  J.  W.  Laing 

and  J.  A.  Cameron. 
Sedgewick— 8  p.m.,  J,  W.  Laing  and  \  A. 

Cameron. 

Chin— 2  p.m.,  T.  P.  Bowlby.  C.  Jensen 
and  N.  Nelson. 


Coaldale— 8  p.m.,  T.  P.  Bowlby  C. 
Jensen  and  N.  Nelson. 

Avonglen  School — 3:30  p.m.,  A.  Holm- 
berg, G.  Bennett  and  J.  P.  Watson. 

Albert  School — 7:30  p.m.,  A.  Holmberg, 
G.  Bennett  and  J.  P.  Watson. 

April  4 

St.  Albert — 8  p.m.,  L.  Normandeau. 

De  Winton — 2  p.m.,  E.  E.  Eisenhauer 
and  W.  S.  Morrison. 

Shepard — 8  p.m.,  E.  E.  Eisenhauer  and 
W.  S.  Morrison. 

Chipman — 2:30  p.m.,  A.  W.  Fraser  and 
A.  D.  Babiuk. 

Wyoming  School — 3  p.m.,  J.  W.  Laing 
and  J.  A.  Cameron. 

Barnwell— 2  p.m.,  T.  P.  Bowlby,  C.  Jen- 
sen and  N.  Nelson. 

Taber— 8  p.m.,  T.  P.  Bowlby,  C.  Jensen 
and  N.  Nelson. 

Irma — 8  p.m.,  A.  Holmberg,  Geo.  Ben- 
nett and  J.  P.  Watson. 

Roseberry  School — 3:30  p.m.,  A.  Holm- 
berg, G.  Bennett  and  J.  P.  Watson. 

April  5 

Villeneuve — 8  p.m.,  L.  Normandeau. 
Iron  Springs— 2  p.m.,  B.  K.  Talbot,  C. 

Jensen  and  N.  Nelson. 
Lakeford  School — 1  p.m.,  A.  Holmberg, 

G.  Bennett  and  J.  P.  Watson. 
Carseland — 2  p.m.,  E.  £.  Eisenhauer  and 

W,  S.  Morrison. 

April  7 

Lamoureux — 8  p.m.,  L.  Normandeau. 
Dalemead — 8  p.m.,  £.  E.  Eisenhauer  and 

W.  S.  Morrison. 
Hillock— 7  p.m.,  J.  T.  McDufiPe  and  A.  D. 

Babiuk. 

April  8 

Beaumont — 8  p.m.,  L.  Normandeau. 
Langdon  —  8  p.m.,  E.  E.  Eisenhauer  and 
^    W.  S.  Morrison. 

Buczcaz — 7  p.m.,  J.  T.  McDu£fe  and  A. 
D.  Babiuk. 

April  9 

Leshniw — 7  p.m.,  J.  T.  McDuffe  and  A. 
D.  Babiuk. 

April  10 

Myroslawna — 7  p.m.,  J.  T.  McDuffe  and 
A.  D.  Babiuk. 

April  11 

Bruno  School— 7  p.m.,  J,  T.  McDuffe  and 
A.  D.  Babiuk. 


CANADA'S  MINERAL  PRODUCTION 

The  value  of  the  mineral  production  in 
Canada  last  year  reached  a  new  high 
mark  with  a  value  of  $303,876,000,  an 
increase  of  10  per  ceqt.  over  1928.  Records 
were  established  in  1929  in  the  output 
of  asbestos,  cement,  clay  products,  cop- 
per, gold,  gypsum,  lime,  nickel,  pe- 
troleum, salt,  stone,  sand  and  gravel,  ainc, 
and  in  the  value  of  natural  gas.' 

In  order  of  total  values  the  leading 
mineral  products  of  Canada  are:  Coal, 
copper,  gold,  nickel,  cement,  lead,  asbes- 
tos, clay  products,  silver,  zinc,  stone, 
natural  gas,  sand  and  gravel,  lime,  pe- 
troleum, gypsum,  cobalt,  salt,  and  plati- 
num metals.  The  list  of  19  products  in- 
cludes all  that  reach  an  output  value  of 
$1,000,000  or  more  annually.  Together 
they  make  up  about  98  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  Canada's  mineral  produc- 
tion. In  addition  to  these  main  products 
about  50  other  minerals  were  recovered 
in  commercial  quantities  during  the  year. 
Canada  produces  90  per  cent  of  the 
world's  nickel;  85  per  cent  of  the  world's 
asbestos;  55  per  cent  of  the  world's  co- 
balt; 9  per  oent  of  the  world's  gold; 
8.7  per  cent  of  the  world's  lead;  8.4  per 
cent  of  the  world's  silver;  6.4  per  cent 
of  the  world's  zinc,  and  4  per  cent  of  the 
world's  copper. 


12  (208) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


AprU^lit,  1980 


Principle  of  Public  Ownership  and  Control  of  Power  Is 

Almost  Unanimously  Endorsed 

Goreroment  Amendment  to  Labor  Reeolatlon  Carried  on  Division  in  Le^islatnre  With  Only  George  Webster  of  Calgary 

Opposing — QoTeinment  Looking  for  Man  to  Take  Charge 


STAFF  CORRESPONDENCE 

EDMONTON,  March  18.— Definitely  committing  Alberta  to  a  policy  of 
Government  ownership  and  control  of  power  development,  the  Legislative 
Assembly  adopted  on  Tuesday  afternoon  an  amendment  by  Premier  Brownlee 
to  a  resolution  of  Fred  White,  Labor  Leader.  The  amendment  was  worded 
as  follows: 

"Whereas  the  return  of  the  Natural  Resources  of  Alberta  to  the 
Province  affords  the  opportunity  to  control  the  development  of  all  water 
power  sites  in  this  Province,  excepting  those  in  the  national  parks, 

"Therefore,  be  it  resolved,  that  the  Legislature  give  its  approval  to  the 
principle  of  Public  Ownership  and  Control  of  power  development  and  is  of 
the  opinion  that  in  framing  policies  for  the  administration  of  the  Natural 
Resources  this  principle  should  be  fully  safeguarded,  so  as  to  facilitate  the 
Government  undertaking  the  whole  or  such  part  of  power  development 
and  distribution  as  the  Government  from  time  to  time,  with  the  advice 
of  its  technical  experts,  may  consider  economically  sound  and  expedient." 
The  Premier  stated  that  all  obstacles  in  the  way  would  be  removed  by 
the  assumption  of  control  of  the  natural  resources  by  the  Government  this 
summer.    Experts  in  steam  and  hydro  power  engineering  had  been  at  work 
for  some  time,  said  he.   The  Government  was  looking  for  a  man  capable  of 
taking  charge  of  power  development  for  the  Province. 


The  original  motion  moved  by  Mr. 
White  and  seconded  by  Andrew  Smeaton, 
Labor,  Lethbridpe,  was  as  follows: 

"Whereas,  the  return  of  the  Natural 
Besources  of  Alberta  to  the  Province 
affords  the  opportunity  to  control  the 
development  of  all  water  power  sites  in 
this  Province; 

"Therefore,  be  it  resolved,  that  this 
Legislature  gives  approval  to  the  prin- 
ciple of  public  own  rship  and  control 
of  power  development  and  distribution 
of  same  and  is  of  the  opinion  that  the 
Government  should  immediately  con- 
sider the  introduction  of  a  Bill  bringing 
Buch  principles  into  operation." 

Support  was  given  to  the  motion  as 
smerided  by  all  sections  of  the  Assembly, 
Bpeec'hee  being  delivered  in  favor  by 
Messrs.  J.  T.  Shaw,  D.  M.  Dugjran,  and 
Hon.  li.  G.  lleid,  Mr.  Shaw  taking  the 
occasion  to  criticize  the  Government  for 
delaying  pronouncement.  Out  of  the 
fifty-five  members  present,  George  Web- 
ster, Liberal,  Calgary,  who  gate  the  only 
adverse  speech,  found  himself  alone  when 
a  recorded  vote  wan  taken  on  the  demand 
of  the  Premier  and  others. 

WHITE  PRESENTS 
CASE  FOR  RESOLUTION 

In  his  opening  remarks,  Mr.  White 
stated  that  ne  felt  sure  everyone  was  de- 
sirous of  securing  chcaf)  energy.  Alberta, 
said  he,  was  in  a  particularly  favored 
position  in  having  at  least  three  sources 
of  abundant  power,  water,  gas  and  coal. 
Of  water  power  sites  there  were  many. 
Authorities  had  said  that  in  the  Bow 
Valley  there  were  jiotentialities  for  the 
cheapest  power  in  Canada.  Then  there 
were  sites  close  to  Edmonton  and  again  in 
the  far  north.  Situated  between  these 
were  coal  measures  and  gas  and  oil  de- 
posits. He  envisioned  the  possibility  of 
bringing  the  benefits  of  electrical  pow  er  to 
towns  and  hamlets  and  farm  homes  to  a 

greater  degree  than  was  possible  in  other 
rovinces  of  Canada. 
The  opportunity  was  now  definitely 
before  the  Alberta  GoTernment.  They 


would  now  no  longer  have  to  negotiate 
with  another  Government  two  thousand 
miles  away.  While  Alberta  had  been 
awaiting  this  favorable  development, 
otiier  interests  had  been  busy  getting 
franchises.  He  hoped  that  the  words  of 
Sir  Adam  Beck  would  not  be  app1ical>le 
to  Alberta:  "You  gave'  away  peanut 
stands  and  bought  back  jewelry  8hoi>s." 
A  corporation  in  the  United  Stales  hao  re- 
cently estimated  its  franchises  as  being 
worth  some  $30,000,000. 

Mr.  White  went  on  to  compare  the 
publicly-owned  systems  with  those  owned 
by  profit-seeking  corporations.  Where 
public  ownership  prevailed  there  was  the 
greatest  «ise  of  |)ower,  said  he.  In  areas 
in  the  United  States  where  the  utility  was 
in  the  hands  of  power  companies  there 
was  the  smallest  use  of  energy  per  capita. 
In  Ontario,  the  use  of  electricnl  energy 
was  almost  universal.  The  explanation 
was  to  be  foun«l  in  the  rales  charged.  In 
Ontstio  the  ra'te  averaged  1.71  cent.s  per 
kwh.,  while  in  the  U.S.  the  average  was 
7.3ti  cents.  In  the  United  States  26  per 
cent  of  the  users  provided  fi8.2  |)er  cent 
of  the  revenue  of  the  companies.  The 
policy  of  t  hese  companies  was  to  make  the 
small  constimer  |>ay  the  big  rate,  and  the 
large  consumer  so  small  a  rate  that  the 
bulk  of  the  l>urden  of  maintaining  the 
generating  stations  was  borne  by  the 
cl<imeetic  user  of  electricity.  In  Ontario, 
provision  was  being  made  so  that,  nr,t- 
withstanding  the  cheap  rates,  the  capifjii, 
outlay  would  be  taken  care  of  in  twenty 
years,  and  the  system  would  be  then  so 
situated  that  the  very  best  service 
at  (he  rheaf)est  possible  rates  could  be 
given  to  the  people. 

There  was  no  complaint,  said  the 
speaker,  at  the  rates  now  prevsiling  in 
Alberta;  but  that  he  felt  was  largely  due 
to  the  presence  in  the  field  of  the  muni- 
cipalities. The  demand  for  electrical 
energy  was  increasing  at  a  very  rapid 
rate. 

Mr.  White  reminded  the  Assembly 
that  wherever  private  capital  had  been 
allowed  to  develop  this  utility  it  had  beeo 


necessary  to  set  up  a  public  utilities  com- 
mission or  some  such  governing  body  to 
curb,  control  and  regulate  these  or- 
ganizations. He  saw  no  reason  for  build- 
ing up  such  interests  and  then  building  up 
another  organization  to  watch  them. 
Public  ownership  had  as  its  motive 
the  benefit  of  the  people  themselves.  He 
recalled  the  fight  the  West  had  had  to 
keep  intact  the  Crows'  Nest  Pass  Agree- 
ment. It  was  not  always  easy  to  keep 
a  Government  to  the  pledges  of  its  pre- 
decessors. It  would  be  found  so  in  power 
matters. 

In  Ontario,  said  the  speaker,  they  were 
planning  to  take  power  out  to  the  re- 
moter districts.  It  might  be  true  that 
Alberta  would  have  a  special  problem 
in  this  respect,  but  even  at  that  he  was 
sure  that  thc^  more  densely  populated 
areas  would  not  have  to  pay  as  much  under 
public  ow  nership  as  to  corporations  hav- 
ing control. 

There  was  another  aspect  of  the  ques- 
tion, said  Mr.  White,  in  closing.  It  bad 
been  found,  particularly  in  the  United 
States,  that  where  private  concerns  bad 
obtained  control  of  this  utility  corruption 
followed  in  their  wake.  We  were  told  by 
the  proponents  of  private  capital  develop- 
ment that  we  should  "keep  this  thing 
out  of  politics."  He  believed  that  the  beat 
way  to  keep  it  out  of  politics  was  to  make 
it  a  public  ulilUy. 

PREMIER  STATES 
GOVERN  MENT'S  VIEW 

It  was  obvious  when  Premier  Brownlee 
arose  that  his  remarks  on  the  subject  were 
of  more  than  usual  interest.  He  paid 
tribute  to  the  Labor  leader's  thoroughness 
in  preparation  when  dealing  with  such 
matters.  He  always  enjoyed  bearing  Mr. 
White.  Last  year  the  debate  had  dwelt 
largely  on  the  relative  merits  of  private 
ana  pul)lic  ownership,  and  he,  the  Prem- 
ier, would  not  enter  that  field.  He  wished 
to  say  at  the  outset  that  there  bad  been 
criticism  of  the  Government  for  not 
embarking  on  a  policy  of  public  owner- 
ship and  distribution  before  this.  He 
would  venture  to  say  that  the  Province 
would  be  in  a  better  position  than  if  they 
allowed  themselves  to  be  hurried  into 
some  big  scheme  prematurely. 

Three  principal  questions  had  to  be 
satisfactorily  answered,  said  the  Premier, 
before  in  his  opinion  a  government  was 
warranted  in  entering  upon  any  enter- 
prise of  this  character.  Fiist:  were  they 
able  to  find  the  necessary  capital?  Seconci: 
could  experienced  and  efficient  manage- 
ment be  obtained  and  was  the  public 
willing  to  allow  the  payment  of  adequate 
salaries?  Third:  could  they  ensure  free- 
dom from  political  interference,  and  was 
there  a  willingness  to  allow  development 
on  sound  economic  lines?  Answering 
these,  Mr.  Brownlee  thought  that  over 
long  periods  the  Government  ought  to  be 
able  to  provide  the  necessary  finance  now 
that  the  railway  burden  had  been  lifted. 
He  believed  that  public  opinion  bad  come 
to  the  point  where  it  was  easier  for  the 
Government  to  pay  adequate  salaries  for 
technical  akill.   He  felt  that  there  v«b  a 


April  IH,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


(260)  13 


decided  leDtimeot  seeinBt  political  inter- 
ference with  publicly-owncd  utilities 

FMPHATIC  DECLARATION 
FOR  PUBLIC  OWNERSHIP 

At  this  point  the  Premier  came  out 
emphatically  with  the  declaration  that 
the  Government  was  in  favor  of  public 
ownership.  He  believed  that  <he  Govern- 
ment could  operate  such  a  utility  as  effi- 
ciently as  a  private  corporation,  and  could 
give  bark  to  the  consumer  in  service 
and  reduced  rates  what  the  private  cor- 

E oration  would  take  in  profits.    They  had 
een  moving  as  rapidly  as  possible  in  this 
direction. 

To  be  ready  to  undertake  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  owning  and  onerntinK 
a  power  system,  said  Mr.  Brownlee,  had 
required  certain  conditions.  First:  con- 
fidence on  the  part  of  the  people  in  the 
Government's  ability  to  mansge  the 
utilities  already  in  hend.  This  had  been 
done  in  the  case  of  the  Provinciel  tele- 
phone system,  which  was  admitted  even 
in  the  East  to  be  one  of  the  best  systems 
in  Canada,  equal  to  any  in  fa<t;  second: 
confidence  on  the  part  of  the  {>ublic  in  the 
economic  stability  of  the  Province  throUKh 
the  removal  of  some  w  hite  elephants. 
This  had  been  established  by  the  sale  of 
the  railways;  otherwise  the  capital  ex- 
penditure could  not  have  been  justified; 
third:  being  in  a  strategic  position  to  take 
over  the  projects  now  operating.  With- 
out control  of  the  natural  resources  they 
could  not  have  expropriated  these  pro- 
jects and  would  have  had  to  negotiate  a 
price.  This  would  have  placed  the 
Government  under  handicai);  as  the 
other  parties  would  have  been  aware  of 
the  Government's  inability  to  force  them 
to  sell.  This  condition  had  also  been 
met.  "The  Alberta  Government  was  now 
about  to  be  vested  with  the  powers  of  the 
King  in  the  right  of  the  Province.  The 
last  obstacle  would  soon  be  passed. 

The  Premier  then  went  on  to  tell  of  the 
investigations  carried  on  during  the  j^ear 
by  a  Prof.  Christie,  an  expert  in  .steam 
engineering  from  Baltimore  University, 
who  had  been  consulted  by  many  govern- 
ments. The  Government  had  also  ar- 
ranged to  retain  the  services  of  a  hydro 
expert,  a  Mr.  Akers,  of  Ontario, 
who  was  now  at  Ottawa  collecting  all 
information  from  the  files  there.  Both 
these  men  had  confirmed  the  Premier 
in  the  belief  that  power  development  in 
Alberta  must  be  a  monopoly,  w  hether 
private  or  public.  He  counselled  pa- 
tience. Many  problems  had  been  solved 
and  much  progress  made.  The  Govern- 
ment were  prepared  to  face  this  one  also. 
It  would  be  the  next  big  Government 
activity,  if,  as  be  expected,  they  were  re- 
turned for  another  five  years. 

It  was  a  question  whether  to  acquire 
all  control  at  one  time  or  to  proceed  to- 
wards the  goal  step  by  step.  With  com- 
paratively hard  years  ahead  and  many 
demands  be  was  not  sure  that  it  was  the 
best  time.  He  agreed  with  the  principles 
contained  in  the  recital  of  the  resolution, 
but  not  with  the  word  "immediately." 
Before  moving  his  amendment,  the  Prem- 
ier stated  that  the  Government  was  look- 
ing for  some  man  who  would  not  only 
be  well  enough  qualified  to  take  over 
the  administration  of  the  resources,  but 
able  to  go  ahead  with  the  work  of  power 
development.  In  answer  to  Mr.  Duggan 
as  to  tne  willingness  of  the  public  to  allow 
Government  to  pay  salaries  equal  to 
those  raid  by  private  enterprises,  Mr. 
Brownlee  admitted  that  some  of  these 
companies  psid  most  exorbitant  salaries: 
but  stated  that  the  Ontario  Hydro  haa 
on  its  staff  at  least  three  of  the  best 
technical  men  in  the  power  buainese  in 


Canada.  He  believed  that  public  opinion 
in  Alberta  was  as  advanced  as  that  of 
Ontario. 

Opening  his  brief  remarks  somewhat 
sarcastically,  J.  T.  Shaw,  Liberal  leader 
congratulated  the  Premier  that  the  Gov- 
ernment had  arrived  at  this  stage  "after 
long  deliberation."  He  knew  of  no 
reason  why  they  should  not  have  done  so 
years  ago,  rather  than  have  "investigated 
and  struggled  with  this  terrible  problem 
so  many  years."  He  thought  that  the 
peorile  of  Alberta  should  have  been  "in 
on  the  ground  floor  rather  than  the  swindle 
floor."  People  might  have  been  spared 
many  burdens  if  the  Government  had 
announced  this  decision  years  ago.  They 
could  not  afford  this  dilly  dallying  with 
the  problem.  He  him*.p|f  would  have  had 
no  difficulty  in  reaching  this  conclusion 
3'ears  ago.  He  hoped  that  now  the  Gov- 
ernment was  committed  to  the  policy  of 
public  ownership,  action  would  not  be 
delayed  so  that  the  people  would  unduly 
sufTer. 

FOLITARY  OPPONFNT 
STANDS  HIS  GROUND 

The  Assembly  showed  its  admiration 
of  the  persistency  and  courace  of  George 
Webster  by  applandine  when  he  rose. 
Mr.  Webster  said  that  he  had  been  wait- 
ing for  encouragement  but  had  found 
none,  not  even  on  bis  immediate  right, 
referring  to  his  leader  Mr.  Shaw.  How- 
ever, he  was  willing  to  stand  alone  if 
necessary.  He  granted  the  sincerity  of 
those  w  ho  espoused  the  principle  of  public 
ownership  and  claimed  the  richt  to  be 
regarded  as  equally  sincere  in  his  oppo- 
sition. He  was  convinced  that  it  was  a 
dangerous  field  to  enter  and  did  not  believe 
that  conditions  warranted  it.  He  also 
felt  that  the  Province  could  not  afford 
at  this  time  to  discourage  private  capital 
from  coming  into  Alberta;  and  he  felt 
that  would  be  the  effect  of  the  Govern- 
ment's announced  policy. 

There  could  be  no  harm  done,  declared 
Mr.  Webster,  if  such  companies  as  were 
now  in  the  field  were  allowed  to  proceed 
providing  that  they  were  properly  super- 
vised in  the  matter  of  rates.  He  was 
not  afraid  of  any  public  service  corpora- 
tion getting  out  of  hand  if  the  Govern- 
ment was  maintaining  control.  He  con- 
tended that  an  analysis  of  conditions  in 
such  places  as  Ontario,  Quebec  and  New 
York  would  show  that  while  rates  mieht 
be  lower  in  Ontario,  the  taxpayer  paid  the 
difference  in  the  ultimate  either  by  direct 
taxes  through  the  higher  rates  charged 
the  cities  by  the  publicly  owned  system 
or  by  loss  of  prosperity. 

He  asked  if  anything  were  being  done 
to  watch  the  development  of  future  tax 
rate  bases  which  would  be  affected  by 
the  big  prices  paid  to  some  of  the  towns 
for  franchises.  He  had  heard  that  one 
company  had  paid  as  high  as  $1,000,000. 
The  Premier  stated  that  these  companies 
were  operating  under  Dominion  charters. 
The  value  of  an  asset  could  be  determined 
when  the  time  came. 

Mr.  Webster  hoped  that  the  Govern- 
ment would  never  take  over  these  com- 
panies; but  if  they  did  he  hoped  there 
would  be  no  watered  stock.  He  reminded 
the  House  with  reference  to  the  Alberta 
Government  Telephones  that  there  was 
some  $22,000,000  tied  up  in  that  utility. 
He  declared  that  the  rates  were  unbal- 
anced in  such  a  way  as  would  not  be  per- 
mitted by  a  private  corporation.  Cal- 
garv,  for  instance,  was  paying  too  much 
and  many  rural  parts  were  not  paying 
enough  for  this  utility.  He  accused  the 
Government  of  not  going  far  into  the 
remote  sections  with  the  telephone. 
They  might  better  do  thii  than  go  into 


the  power  business.  He  asked  that  the 
Assembly  consider  the  fact  that  an  in- 
vestment of  one  hundred  to  one  hundred 
and  fifty  millions  of  dollars  would  be 
required.  The  Province  would  be  en- 
gulfed with  debt.  Population  was  too 
sparse.  There  was  not  more  than  an 
average  of  one  house  per  mite  when  there 
should  be  at  least  three.  He  contended 
that  it  cost  five  times  as  much  to  serve  a 
rural  customer  as  one  in  the  city.  In 
conclusion,  Mr.  Webster  was  of  the  opin- 
ion that  if  the  Government  would  give 
attention  to  public  health,  education  and 
roads,  it  would  do  much  better  than  to 
go  info  the  power  business. 
DUGGAN  GTVFS 
CAUTIOUS  SUPPORT 

"For  once,"  said  D.  M.  Duggan,  rising 
to  Break,  "T  find  mvself  in  complete 
agreement  with  an  amendment  offered 
by  the  Government."  The  situation  lent 
itself  to  public  ownership,  he  continued. 
Consideration  along  these  lines  had  fre- 
quently been  premature.  The  Province 
was  now  emerging  from  a  difficult  finan- 
cial condition.  He  would  not,  however, 
embark  on  a  nower  scheme  till  the  neces- 
sity arose.  The  amendment  clearly  pro- 
vided that  if  the  experts  engaged  by  the 
Government  advised  it  sound  to  enter 
the  field  of  power  development  and  dis- 
tribution, the  Government  could  and 
would  do  so.  When  this  was  done,  the 
Conservative  party  would  give  support. 
Though  the  Government  had  committed 
itself  to  the  principle  he  thought  it  should 
carefully  guard  its  steps.  He  honed  also 
th.<it  the  Government  would  make  clear 
that  they  did  not  intend  to  take  over  the 
svstem  of  the  Calgary  T.ight  f:  Power  Co  . 
They  should  carefully  guard  the  interests 
of  capital  by  making  a  definite  pronounce- 
ment. 

ITon.  R.  G.  Reid  dealt  with  some  of  the 
criticisms  offered,  after  first  commending 
Mr.  White  on  his  excellent  introduction 
to  the  debate.  Mr.  Shaw  had  accused 
the  Government  of  "delay,  delay,  delay." 
He  would  point  out  to  the  honorable 
leader  that  every  time  in  the  last  nine 
years  that  the  Government  had  been 
accused  of  delay  it  had  ultimatelj'  inured 
to  the  benefit  of  the  Province.  So  it 
would  be  in  this  case.  When  the  advisers 
of  the  Government  would  say  that  it  was 
wise  and  expedient  to  embark  on  the 
policy  of  public  ownership,  either  par 
tially  or  wholly,  they  would  do  so. 

Mr.  Giroux:  All  the  best  franchises 
are  grabbed  now. 

Mr.  Reid:    Franchises  are  but  a  small 

Eart  of  the  picture.  Power  sites  are  the 
ig  factor;  and  no  further  disposition  of 
water  powers  is  being  made  in  the  mean- 
time. 

CAN'T  FULLY  CONTROL 
PRIVATE  CORPORATIONS 

The  critics  themselves  did  not  agree, 
said  the  Provincial  Treasurer.  With  Mr. 
Shaw  it  was  "Too  slow,  too  slow";  with 
Mr.  Webster:  "Too  fast,  too  fast"  The 
Government  was  in  the  correct  middle 
position.  With  respect  to  Mr.  Webster's 
contentions  about  Government  super- 
vinion  of  private  corporations,  Mr.  Reid 
said  that  he  had  recently  read  a  state- 
ment by  an  authority  that  "there  haa 
not  yet  been  devised  by  man,  any  Public 
Utility  Board  which  can  fullv  control 
such  corf>oraf  ions."  He  had  himself 
made  a  meticulous  examination  of  rates 
of  various  power  systems  and  found  that 
the  rates  of  Ontario  were  the  lowest. 
Private  corporations  piled  up  stock  which 
roust  have  dividends  and  consequently 
higher  rates. 

It  was  contended  by  critics  that  there 
waa  more  rapid  development  under  private 


14  1270) 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


Apnl  IM.  1930 


ownership.  The  facts  were  that  in  On* 
tario  one  of  the  most  marvellous  develop- 
mente  had  taken  place  that  the  world 
had  ever  seen.  True  there  had  also  been 
big  developments  in  Quebec,  especially 
with  regard  to  industry.  There  was 
authority  for  saying,  however,  that  in  the 
latter  case  not  accessibility  to  markets 
only  but  availability  of  suitable  labor 
hacf  been  a  big  factor. 


In  conclusion,  Mr.  Reid  said  that  when 
embarking  on  a  power  scheme  the  Gov- 
ernment would  have  to  consider  the 
matter  of  its  being  self-supporting.  They 
would  need  to  face  the  whole  problem 
invoUed.  He  was  of  the  opinion  that  it 
could  be  done  without  loss  to  the  Pro- 
vinre. 

Mr.  White  accepted  the  amendment 
and  the  vote  was  taken  as  recorded. 


Agriculture  is  Canada's  outstanding 
primary  industry,  having  a  production 
value  of  nearly  $2,000,000  annually.  When 
considered  in  rpiation  to  the  subsidiary 
industries  dependent  upon  it,  agriculture 
is  the  real  leader  in  Canadian  enterprise. 
As  an  industry  it  provides  gainful  occu- 
pation, directly  and  indirectly,  to  more 
than  ^fty  per  cent  of  Canada's  popu- 
lation. 


The  1930  Session  of  the  Legislature  in  Review 

Alberta  Not  Being  Ridden  by  "Too  Many  New  Laws"— Taking  i 

Over  the  Resources  — Public  Ownership  of  Power— Pool  gCM         By  NORMAN  F.  PRIESTLEY 

Guarantee— The  New  School  Bill — Mines  Act — Frauds  The  V.F.A.  Staff  Correspondent 
Prevention 


"Rather  a  dull  session,  don't  you 
think?" 

"Not  much  doing  at  the  Legislature 
this  year,  eh?" 

These  and  rimilar  comments  have 
been  frequently  made  during  the  past 
six  or  seven  weeks,  both  in  the  inside 
circles  of  the  law  makers  and  on  the 
street;  and  to  judge  from  a  certain 
point  of  view  it  is  true.  The  1930 
session  has  been  marked  by  no  bitterly 
contested,  hard  fought  debate;  nor  has  it 
provided  any  scandal;  nothing  in  fact 
which  justifies  lurid,  sprawling  head- 
lines, if  anything  ever  does.  That  is 
not  sufficient  reason,  however,  for  as- 
suming that  the  fessioo  has  been  un- 
eventful. On  the  contrary  the  fourth 
session  of  the  Sixth  Legislative  Assembly 
of  Alberta  may  well  prove  to  be  one  of  the 
most  important  in  the  history  of  the 
Province.  i 

Four  measures  affecting  vitally  either 
all  of  the  people,  or  large  blocks  of  them, 
have  been  presented.  There  is,  first  of 
all,  the  transfer  of  the  natural  resources. 
It  is  no  small  thing  that  Alberta  should 
become  in  the  twenty-fifth  year  of  her 
age  "mistress  in  her  own  household." 
With  the  formal  ratification  of  this  agree- 
ment by  the  Imperial  Parliament,  the 
Province  emerges  completely  from  her 
territorial  status  and  takes  rank  in  fact 
as  well  as  in  name  with  the  other  Provinces 
of  the  Dominion.  To  anv  who  are  accus- 
tomed to  think  in  money  terms  it  may  be 
of  value  to  note  that  this  is  probably  one 
of  the  biggest  real  estate  deals  ever  con- 
summated. The  ownership  of  over  one 
hundred  and  forty  thousand  square 
miles  of  land  changes  hands.  The  ad- 
ministrative life  (if  the  Province  will 
feel  the  change,  v»  hich  will  necessitate 
the  creation  of  at  east  one  new  depart- 
ment of  Government. 

In  this  connectif  n  it  is  to  be  noted 
that  the  Assembly  passed  a  resolution 
committing  the  Government  to  the  prin- 
ciple of  i)ublic  ownershij)  and  control  of 
electrical  energy.  The  effects  of  this 
decision  cannot  be  adequately  estimated 
but  that  they  will  be  far  reaching  is  be- 
yond question. 

*    •  • 

Another  measure  of  more  than  ordinary 
significance  to  the  whole  economic  struc- 
ture of  the  Province  is  the  a<'t  gimrantee- 
ing  to  certain  Canadian  banks  their 
advances  on  the  wheat  croi)  of  1929  to 
the  Canadian  Wheat  Pool.  The  eyes 
of  the  world  have  been  and  are  mill 
focnssed  ujion  the  strtiggle  of  the  Cana- 
dian farmer  to  obtain  a  \\\nt  [irice  for  the 
8f)lendid  wheat  of  whiih  he  reaped 
only  some  three  fifths  the  quantity  of 
the  year  1928. 

It  must  have  been  evident  to  all  ob- 
««rver«  that  a  concerted  attempt  has 


been  made  to  destroy  this  co-operative 
effort.  In  the  success  or  failure  of  the 
Pool  is  bound  up  the  success  or  failure  of 
tens  of  thousands  of  families  on  the 
farms,  for  the  year  1929-30;  and,  what 
is  more  important  still,  the  sustaining 
of  their  morale.  Governments  have 
recognized  that  the  development  of  the 
co-operative  spirit  and  all  that  is  involved 
have  been  endangered.  So  it  was  that 
following  a  conference  of  Premiers  Brack- 
en, Ferguson  and  Brownlee,  the  three 
prairie  Governments  took  similar  and 
simultaneous  action  and  placed  their 
financial  resources  behind  the  Pool  to 
the  assurance  of  the  banks. 

*  *  • 

A  third  piece  of  legislation  which  is 
expected  to  have  far-reaching  effects 
upon  the  future  of  our  people  is  the  com- 
plete revision  of  the  School  Act  in  a  bill 
presented  by  the  Hon.  Perren  Baker. 
It  is  true  that  its  chief  provision,  the 
setting  up  of  a  larger  school  administra- 
tion area  for  rural  schools  is  not  man- 
datory, it  l)eing  now  left  to  be  volun- 
tarily undertaken  by  such  districts  as  are 
ready  for  the  reform;  nevertheless  the 
principle  has  received  the  assent  of  the 
Legislature,  and  it  is  not  anticipated 
that  the  bill  will  be  thrown  out. 

Education  is  recognized  to  be  funda- 
mental to  the  progress  of  a  modern 
democratic  state,  and  whatever  the  im- 
mediate results  of  Mr.  Baker's  bill,  there 
is  little  doubt  that  a  few  years  from  now 
it  w  ill  be  recognized  that  in  the  realm 
of  education  the  rural  areas  of  Alte.»^v 
made  a  very  definite  step  forward  .q 
1930. 

•  ♦  ♦ 

The  re-enactment  and  thorough  amend- 
ing of  the  Mines  Act  will  bring  into 
conformity  with  present  day  ideas  a  body 
of  law  and  regulations  which  affect 
directly  the  second  largest  industry  of 
this  Province.  Whole  towns  and  many 
villages  with  their  thousands  of  working 
miners  and  their  families  will  know  some- 
thing of  improved  conditions  and  greater 
security  as  a  result.  The  ordinary  user 
of  coal  has  little  appreciation  of  the  ex- 
tent to  which  It  has  been  found  necessary 
to  define  and  guard  by  law  in  the  minutest 
details  the  rights  and  very  lives  of  those 
who  sweat  amid  the  dust  and  damp 
and  darkness  of  the  underground  at 
great  risk  every  day,  in  order  that  domes- 
tic comfort  may  be  assured  and  industry 
and  commerce  carried  on. 

A  measure  not  to  be  lightly  regarded 
is  the  Security  Frauds  Prevention  Act 
w  hich  has  been  re-cast  this  session.  The 
new  act  will  permit  of  more  summary 
and  drastic  action  to  compel  those  who 
make  a  living  in  the  brokerage  business 
'which  as    Attorney-General  Lymburn, 


said  "offers  peculiar  opportunities  to 
men  who  are  disposed  to  be  crooked") 
to  do  so  in  such  a  way  that  the  interests 
of  other  citizens  shall  not  be  brushed 
aside. 

*    •  • 

There  are  those  who  complain  about 
the  making  of  too  many  laws.  Perhaps 
they  have  heard  or  read  something 
of  the  doctrines  of  the  philosophic  anar- 
chist. Not  a  few  people  who  know 
nothing  of  philosophy  are  dis7)osed  to 
rebel  these  days  against  the  tendency  to 
too  much  regulation  of  life  by  the  state. 
Few  of  us  would  be  happy  under  a 
Mussolini.  An  examination  of  the  work 
of  the  Alberta  Legislature  this  session  will 
show,  however,  that  there  is  no  ground 
for  that  thought  here.  "But,'  says 
someone,  "the  Assembly  passed,  or  will 
have  passed,  some  seventy-five  bills  this 
year.  True!  but  let  us  make  a  brief 
analysis. 

Of  the  seventy-five  all  except  six, 
leaving  out  the  new  city  charters  of  We- 
taskiwin  and  Drumheller,  are  amend- 
ments, in  many  instances  very  slight,  to 
existing  statutes;  or  are  consolidations  or 
re-enactments  of  toMi  er  acts.  Under  this 
latter  heading  come  such  measures  as  the 
School  Act,  the  Mines  Act,  the  Mechanics' 
Liens  Act,  and  the  Security  Frauds  Pre- 
vention Act.  The  life  of  this  young 
country  is  of  necessity  changing  rapidly, 
at  a  rate,  perhaps,  more  rapid  than 
that  of  the  older  communities  of  the 
world;  and  law  can  only  be  experimentally 
applied  in  many  instances  and  then 
ccanged  to  meet  the  changed  conditions. 

Three  of  the  six  new  laws  passed  or 
dealt  with  are  really  administrative  in 
nature.  They  are  the  Natural  Resources 
(■Temporary)  Act,  an  Aft  Respecting  the 
Control  of  Electrical  Energy^  and  the 
Unemployment  Re  lief  Act.  With  the  first 
named  our  only  concern  is  to  say  that 
some  machinery  must  be  set  up  to  take 
care  of  the  administration  of  lands, 
mines  and  fisheries,  etc.,  when  the  con- 
trol ot  these  things  is  taken  over  from  the 
Domitiion  this  summer.  The  control  of 
Electrical  Energy  Act  is  really  a  hcensing 
act,  laying  down  the  Canadian  electrical 
code,  providing  standards  for  the  sale  and 
installation  of  electrical  supplies.  The 
necessity  for  this  can  be  well  understood 
in  view  of  the  very  rapid  extension  of 
electric  power  development  throughout 
the  Province.  The  Unemployment  Re- 
lief Act  has  been  rendered  necessary 
by  the  expenditure  this  winter  of  large 
sums  of  public  money  and  to  provide 
for  similar  contingencies  in  the  future. 

In  the  final  analysis  then  there  are 
only  three  pieces  of  legislation  which  are 
new  departures;  and  of  these  one,  that 
roviding  for  the  Acquisition  of  Pure- 
red  Bulls,  is  really  supp  lementarv  to 


April  1st,  1»3U 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


(Z71}  18 


that  presented  by  the  Hon.  George 
Hoadley  last  session — the  Pure-bred  Sires 
Area  Act.  In  this  year's  bill  Mr.  Hoadley 
makes  provision  for  the  purchase  and  re- 
sale by  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
of  pure-bred  bulls  to  farmers  residing  in 
such  areas.  Another  of  the  thiee  is  that 
of  the  Hon.  Perren  Baker  which  es- 
tablishes the  wild  rose  as  the  floral  emblem 
of  Alberta. 

•    •  • 

The  remaining  act  is  the  only  one  of 
those  passed  or  under  consideration 
which  definitely  establishes  a  new  prin- 
ciple at  law.  The  "Act  Respecting  the 
Removal  of  Sex  Disoualification"  was 
fittingly  presented  by  Alberta's  one  lady 
legislator,  Hon.  Irene  Parlby.  The  act 
provides  that  "Any  person  shall  not  be 
disciualified  by  sex  or  marriage  for  the 
exercise  of  anv  public  function,  or  from 
being  appointed  to  any  civil  or  judicial 
office  or  po.<st,  or  from  entering  or  assum- 
ing or  carrying  on  any  civil  profession 
or  vocation,  or  for  admission  into  any 
incorporated  society." 

A  challenge  to  the  right  of  Mrs.  Jamie- 
son,  a  woman  magistrate  in  Calgary  a  few 
years  ago,  to  act  as  such  by  reason  of  her 
being  a  woman,  brought  this  question  to 
the  fore.  After  an  exhaustive  analysis 
of  common  law,  Mr.  Justice  Stuart  up- 
held her  right.  This  act  will  set  at  rest,  as 
far  as  Alberta  is  concerned,  any  doubt 
which  may  continue  to  exist. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  that 
Alberta  at  least  is  not  being  regimented 
and  state  ridden  by  a  lot  of  new  laws.  The 
facts  are  that  if  the  old  method  of  pre- 
senting to  the  Legislature  all  amending 
acts  under  one  bill  for  the  amendment 
of  statute  law  still  prevailed,  only  some 
ten  or  eleven  bills  would  have  been  pre- 
sented this  session. 

 o  

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to  Brownlee's  Leadership 

An  interesting  little  affair  marked 
the  close  of  the  afternoon's  sitting  of 
the  Legislature  on  Friday,  March  21  st.^ 
From  tht  Press  Gallery  Gordon  Forster, 
of  Handbills,  could  be  seen  during  the 
hour  preceding  adjournment  moving 
around  among  the  F.F.A.  members,  sit- 
ting next  to  each  one  in  turn  as  the  com- 
mittee wended  its  way  through  the 
stages  of  the  School  Act.  He  carried 
vith  him  a  thin  green  backed  book  cover, 
after  perusing  which  the  members  affixed 
their  signatures.  He  worked  quietly, 
resting  between  times,  then  moving  again. 

The  staff  correspondent  of  The  V.F.A^ 
going  down  into  the  corridors  upon  ad- 
journment found  something  afoot.  A 
meeting  of  the  U.F.A.  members  was  being 
held,  though  it  was  almost  seven  o'clock, 
and  every  one  was  hungry  and  tired. 
Now  the  Council  Chamber,  where  such 
conferences — the  Opposition  members  pre- 
fer the  word  "caucuses" — are  held,  is 
sanctum  sanctorum  even  to  the  repre- 
sentative of  The  U.F.A.  at  such  times; 
but  kind  friends  seeing  the  wistful  look, 
no  doubt,  let  him  in  on  the  secret  though 
not  into  the  room. 

It  was  supposed  to  be  a  business  meet- 
ing; but  after  a  few  preliminaries,  we  un- 
derstand, Gordon  Forster  rose  and  ad- 
dressed Mr.  Brownlee  somewhat  as  fol- 
lows: "We,  the  Farmer  members  of  the 
Letfislature,  in  meeting  assembled,  desire 
to  express  our  continued  appreciation 
of  the  work  and  leadership  of  our  Premier 
and  assure  binn  of  our  loyalty  and  sup- 
port in  the  future."  He  then  handed 
to  the  Piemiei  the  little  booklet  with  the 
sienatures  of  the  entiira  U.F.A.  group 


attached,  subscribing  to  those  senti- 
ments. 

Mr.  Brownlee  briefly  replied,  thanking 
the  members  and  assuring  them  that  it 
was  a  pleasure  to  lead  such  loval  fol- 
lowers. He  believed  that  no  Premier 
in  Canada  had  ever  been  supported  by 
a  more  loyal  and  faithful  group. 

The  esteem  so  simply  and  unostenta- 
tiou.^ly  expressed  will  no  doubt  help  to 
brighten  the  life  and  lighten  the  load  of 
the  big  man  upon  whose  shoulders  rest 
so  large  a  share  of  the  responsibility  of 
carrying  on  the  public  affairs  of  this 
young  and  expanding  Province  of  Al- 
berta.—N.  F.  P. 


SOCIAL  INSURANCE 

The  question  of  Canada's  possible 
future  need  of  some  sj'stem  of  health  in- 
surance similar  to  that  in  vogue  in  Great 
Britain,  will  be  a  prominent  subject  of 
discussion  at  the  forthcoming  Annual 
Meeting  of  the  Canadian  Social  Hygiene 
Council,  to  be  held  in  Toronto  from 
April  29th  to  May  2nd,  inclusive,  states 


the  bulletin  of  the  Canadian  Social 
Hygiene  Council. 

"The  British  system  provides  for  the 
compulsory  payment  of  a  small  weekly 
sum  by  every  emf)loyed  person  receiving 
less  than  a  stipulated  wage.  Such  persons 
are  then  given  free  hospitalization,  free 
medical  service,  free  medicine,  nursing, 
all  of  which  i.«  paid  for  by  the  government. 

"  What  system  of  health  insurance 
should  be  adopted  in  Canada  or  indeed, 
whether  any  such  system  is  advisable 
at  the  present  time,  we  do  not  feel  pre- 
pared to  state  now,"  said  Dr.  Gordon 
Bates,  General  Secretary  of  the  Council. 
"But  public  health  authorities,  and 
others  in  a  position  to  know,  feel  sure 
that  sooner  or  later  Canada  is  Hkely  to 
have  some  form  of  health  insurance,  atid 
our  purpose  in  discussing  it  at  our  Do- 
minion-wide Annual  Meeting  at  the  end 
of  April,  is  to  so  co-ordinate  upon  this 
nationally-important  question  the  atten- 
tion of  those  who  realize  its  importance, 
that  when  the  time  comes  to  take  definite 
action,  we  will  have  a  plan  of  action 
ready,  and  be  prepared  to  act  in  unison." 


The  Risks  of  Credit  Trading 

(From  Canadian  Co-operator) 


One  of  the  virtues  of  Co-operation 
is  its  greatest  weakness.  In  private 
business  the  policy  of  the  proprietor 
is  dictated  by  his  desire  to  make  pro- 
fit out  of  the  consumer.  There  is  no 
real  community  of  interest  between 
them.  The  aim  of  the  co-operative 
society,  on  the  other  hand,  is  to  serve 
its  members.  It  exists  for  that  pur- 
pose only.  There  is,  in  consequence, 
often  the  inclination  to  give  them  aid 
which  is  not  justified  by  sound  business 
considerations.  In  the  past,  many 
co-operative  societies  have  met  dis- 
aster immediately  after  the  close  of  a 
period  of  depiession.  They  have  sought 
unduly  to  assist  their  members  with 
credit  accommodation  while  pasning 
through  it.  On  a  return  of  greater 
commercial  activity  they  have  found 
they  could  not  meet  the  pressure  upon 
them  promptly  to  discharge  their  own 
liabilities,  owing  to  having  so  much  of 
their  resources  in  a  "frozen"  condition, 
that  is  to  say  tied  up  in  book  debts 
not  immediately  collectable. 

We  are  now  passing  through  such  a 
period  of  depression.  Great  care  is 
consequently  necessary  in  the  regulation 
of  credit  transactions.  Sales  can  easily 
be  made  to  people  unable  to  pay  for  their 
purchases.  While  societies  doing  a 
credit  business  should  treat  their  mem- 
bers with  as  much  consideration  as  cir- 
cumstances will  permit,  it  should  con- 
form with  sound  business  principles.  In 
giving  credit  boards  of  directors  should 
not  overlook  the  fact  that  they  are 
acting  as  trustees  of  the  funds  of  the 
general  body  of  members,  and  are  often 
virtually  loaning  the  savings  of  one 
member  who  does  not  ask  for  credit,  to  a 
neighbor  who  does,  and  without  the 
consent  of  the  former.  It  should  be 
remembered  that  no  society  is  financed 
on  a  basis  which  will  enable  it  to  carry 
its  members  financially  through  a  period 
of  depression.  It  is  much  more  in  the 
interests  of  a  society,  as  well  as  of  its 
members,  to  encourage  retrenchment  in 
buying  rather  than  to  stimulate  sales  on  a 
credit  basis. 

Effect  of  Cash  Basis 

At  least  two  of  our  Western  societies 
have  recently  gone  on  a  strictly  cash 
basis.  Both  of  them  report  satisfactory 
rsults.  One  effect  of  cash  trading  is  to 
reduce,  in  favor  of  the  consumer,  the  cost 
of  operation.    Funds  are  also  avaiahle 


to  buy  to  the  best  possible  advantage. 
Unproductive  capital  becomes  income 
earning.  People  who  pay  their  way  do 
not  also  have  to  carry  those  who  incur 
liabilities  they  cannot,  or  will  not,  dis- 
charge. Thrifty  habits  are  encouraged 
because  a  credit  buyer  is  a  careless  buyer. 
Unnecessary  articles  are  often  purchased 
which  financial  circumstances  do  not 
justify  because  payment  at  the  moment 
seems  to  be  remote. 

It  may  be  that,  in  some  cases,  cir- 
cumstances will  not  permit  the  im- 
mediate introduction  of  cash  trading, 
even  though  it  may  be  admitted  to  be 
desirable.  If  credit  is  continued,  how- 
ever, sound  business  principles,  and 
the  general  interests  of  the  members, 
demand  that  it  should  be  systematically 
regulated  on  a  basis  authorized  by  the 
directors,  after  careful  consideration  and 
with  due  regard  to  the  financial  capacity 
of  the  society,  and  that  the  terms  thereof 
be  strictly  observed.  Unregulated  and  un- 
supervised credit  almost  inevitably  leads 
to  heavy  losses  if  not  to  disaster. 

Financial  Reserves 
More  attention  should  be  given  by 
co-operative  societies  in  Canada  to  en- 
couraging the  building  up  of  domestic 
financial  reserves  of  their  members  in- 
vested therein  in  good  and  average 
times,  so  that  instead  of  members  being 
under  the  necessity  of  asking  for  credit 
in  times  of  depression  they  may  have  the 
satisfaction  of  feeling  they  are  free  of 
debt,  and  have,  in  addition,  funds  in- 
vested in  the  society  upon  which  they 
can,  if  necessary,  draw  to  satisfy  current 
needs.  Many  thousands  of  workingmen 
co-operators  in  Great  Britain,  in  times  of 
industrial  depression  or  long  periods 
of  strikes,  have  found  themselves  able 
to  continue  normal  buying  on  cash  terms 
because  of  the  accumulated  purchase 
dividends,  and  compound  interest  there- 
on, remaining  with  their  societies  as  loan 
capital.  The  Canadian  movement,  as 
a  whole,  ought  to  give  serious  considera- 
tion to  the  subject  with  the  view  of 
working  out  the  best  plan  of  em[)loying 
such  loan  funds  of  the  members  to  the 
end  that  they  will  serve  the  purposes  of 
the  movement  in  its  development,  and  at 
the  same  time  give  absolute  confidence 
to  the  members  they  will  be  withdrawable 
on  demand,  or  at  short  notice,  in  nas«  of 
need. 


16  (272) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  iBt.  1030 


PREMIER  BROWNLEE'S  LEADERSHIP 

An  Analysis  of  "Th  ■  One  Man  Government."  By  NORMAN  F.  PRIESTLEY 


A  flneerinfj  phraw  thnt  we  hnvp  heard 
occasionally  in  quii't  plac*.!*  durine  the 
past  few  year?  now  fuxlinp  iitterfnce 
on  the  j>iil)lic  platform,  and,  a?  a  reMilt, 
IB  making  its  apr)earance  in  the  pri>s8. 
An  election  is  approachinp.  The  Alherta 
Lepiflature  is  descriV>ed  ae  a  "one  man 
Government."  There  are  variant  read- 
inuR  of  the  phrnw  I'tit  the  intent  is  the 
same.  I-et  up  examine  thio  thing  and  see 
if  the  appellation  is  merited  or  fits  the 
case. 

We  are  told  thnt  John   lirownlee  is 

the  hrsin  of  the  whole  Government:  that 

hf  i«  not  only  it^  brain,  hut  its  voice  too; 

that    without    him    even    such  meagre 

rimnants  of  the  old  partiee  as  the  rout  of 

19V 1   left  in  the  Legislature  could  and 

would    tear    into    shreds    the  politi»al 

rretentions  of   the   Farmer  movement. 

The  u serf  of  this  phrase  mnintain  that, 

were  it   not  for   the   IVfinier's  valiant 

appearing  at  every  breach  in  the  walla, 

the  hastily  erected  citadel  of  the  U.F.A. 

would  have  fallen  long  ago  and  revealed 

the  pitiful  emj  tiness  of  ignorance  and 

ineCRciency  which  lies  behind. 

•    *  • 

What  are  the  facts?  Let  us  go  back 
to  1821!  In  that  year,  flushed  forward 
unexpectedly  by  the  force  of  a  grrat 
surge  of  social  consciousness  on  the  part 
of  some  60.000  voters  in  the  rural  areiife  of 
Alberta,  s<)roe  forty  men,  who  were  them- 
selves part  of  that" tide,  found  themselves 
confronted  with  the  tank  of  taking  over 
the  reins  of  Government  in  this  young 
Province.  To  elmost  all  of  them  it  waa 
new  work.  As  citizens  they  had  felt 
the  effect  of  government  on  their  lives 
and  had  some  conception  of  its  (lossibili- 
ties  for  their  well-being  or  hurl;  but  of  the 
machinery  bj  w  hich  it  was  operated  they 
knev  only  from  distant  observation, 
largely  through  the  glasses  of  the  daily 
press. 

They  were,  however,  men  of  sound 
sense,  possessed' by  ore  of  'he  great  ele- 
ments of  wisdom:  knowledge  of  their 
own  limitations.  They  knew  that  at 
least  one  branch  of  government  rei|uired 
expert  knowledge,  that  no  man  un- 
trained in  the  intricacies  of  that  body 
of  law  upon  w  hi<  h  government  has  come 
to  rest  tnrough  the  centuries,  couH  func- 
tion as  the  head  of  the  legal  department. 
They  looked  around,  and,  d«)uliile88 
guided  by  wise  leadership,  selected  a 
younji  attorney  for  that  office  who  had 
eerved  them  for  some  years  in  f)thfr  fields. 
Bo  it  was  that  .lohti  Browtilee  entered  the 
Alberta  Government. 

Time  passed,  and  these  men  from  the 
farms  found  in  this  big.  unassuming 
lawyer  not  only  one  devoted  t<i  their 
ideals,  but  one  whose  keen  and  versatile 
mind  could  take  anv  problem  they  pre- 
sented and  as.'ist  them  to  its  solution. 
Their  confidence  in  him  grew;  and  when  it 
was  thought  necessary  to  elect  from 
among  them  a  new  first  minister  these 
farmer  representatives  chose  the  voiing 
law  yer  t  heir  leader.  And  w  bat  a  leader 
he  has  |)rove<II 

Critics  of  this  Government  and  its 
Premier  know — at  least  those  of  them 
nho  presume  to  shape  public  opinion 
shotilo  know  —  that  in  the  political  arena 
a  leader  must  lead.  It  is  the  ganius  of 
Britiefcu  repreeentative  government  that 
tile  man  «bio_become«  the  head,  be  it 


in  Province  or  State  or  Dominion,  or  in 
the  Mother  of  Parliaments,  is  selected, 
not  by  the  multitudes  who  have  never 
seen  him,  and  only  know  of  him  as  the 
Pgtire  hend  of  the  f)arty  to  which  they 
belong,  but  by  the  vole  of  elected  repre- 
sentatives who  have  seen  him,  known 
him,  learned  of  his  capacities  and  felt  his 
power.  A  Premiei  is  a  f'rst  minister,  a 
leader  of  leaders.  It  is  strange  that  men 
should  criticize  'ohn  Rrowtilee  for  being 
that,  pre-eminently  thai. 

"Ah!'"  say  the  critics,  "but  there  is  a 
difference  between  being  a  leader  and 
being  a  dictator  "  Then  their  rhetoric 
and  prejudice  carry  them  off  to  Italy  and 
talk  of  Mussolini.  To  those  who  really 
know,  as  the  French  say,  "It  is  to  laugh!  ' 

•  •  • 

Now  the  ultimate  test  of  leadership  is 
the  answer  to  the  question,  "Do  men 
follow  ?"  These  forty  members  of  the  Al- 
berta Legislature  who  have  come  from 
the  farms  of  the  Province  know  their 
direction,  they  have  tried  their  leader, 
they  have  tested  his  philosojih;'  of  living, 
they  believe  he  knows  the  way  and  can 
see  their  immediate  objective,.  Whv 
should  they  nf>l  follow?  Ask  them.  Ask 
also  many  observers,  w  ho,  having  tradi- 
tions that  differ,  choose  to  follow  dis- 
tantly; or,  if  holding  contrary  views  con- 
scientiously, oppose  but  still  admire. 
"Where",  they  say,  "in  Alberta,  or  in 
Canada  for  that  matter,  is  a  mind  so 
versatile,  a  judgment  so  keen,  coupled 
with  so  great  a  capacity  for  work?" 

flere  is  a  man  with  a  trained  mind,  edu- 
cated in  some  of  the  best'  schools  of  Can- 
ada; not  a  brilliant,  flashy  orator,  who 
attracts  admiration  to  hiro.self  by  dazzling 
phrases,  carving  his  way  to  heights 
of  popular  acr  laim  bv  slashing  his  enemies 
with  a  vicious  ton?iie.  Here  is  a  man 
w  ho  ftlays  a  serious  game,  i»  at  grips  with 
reality,  a  man  who  envisions  a  great 
future  for  the  race,  a  man  w  h»>,  w  liile  at 
work  ir.  Iht  pillared  chamber  on  the  hill, 
thinks  of  the  people  of  the  prairie,  the 
briilee  and  the  bush,  who  amid  pioneer 
conditions  struggle  for  life,  more  life.  Here 
is  a  man  who  will  knit  his  brows  and 
press  his  temples  at  the  end  of  weeks 
ol  hard  and  harassing  toil  to  find  a  way 
to  ensure  that  a  miner  "at  the  working 
face  '  in  a  lignite  coal  mine  shall  not 
work  in  dust  and  smoke,  but  shall  have 
pure  air.  Here  is  a  man  who  would  fiiit 
beauty  and  stability  into  the  life  of 
little  dingy  prairie  towns.  Here  it'  a  man 
who  will  not  lake  his  opponents  at  their 
Worst,  but  with  courtesy  towards  them 
and  fpith  in  them  will  win  them  if  he  can. 
Here  is  a  man  who  never  treats  lithtly 
a  chance,  unskilful  question,  sincerely 
put.  Here  is  a  man  who  is  in  danger  of 
wearing  himself  out  in  his  de«ire  to  meet 
everybody  on  the  le\el  of  iheir  need. 
And  wiih  it  all,  work,  work,  and  more 
and  harder  work! 

•  •  • 

■'This  one  man  government!"  It  ia 
very  evident  that  those  who  use  these 
termo  do  nut  know  ihe  inside  workings 
of  the  Government  group  in  the  Legisla- 
ti;re.  Because  the  Premier  so  often 
speaks  the  final,  the  d«;cisive  word  in 
debate,  is  not  to  say  that  it  is  his  word 
only.  He  speaks  for  his  fellow  ministers 
and  for  the  private  members  who  sre 
eeated  behind  them.   He  is  the  interpre- 


ter of  their  wishes  and  the  voice  of  their 
decisions.  They  choose  to  let  it  be  so.  It 
is  his  function;  and,  recogni/ing  his  con- 
summate ability,  they  elect  to  have 
it  exer<ised  to  the  full.'  That  they  do  so 
is  proof  of  their  worthiness  for  the  office 
they  hold.  If  per'^onal  ambition  were 
the  paramount  consideration  among  them, 
jealousy  and  rebellion  might  have  arisen 
m  their  ranks  long  ago.  It  is  charac- 
teristic of  big  men,  who  sincerely  desire 
their  country's  good,  that  they  put  aside 
the  thought  that  another  man's  eminence 
is  achieved  st  their  own  exfiense.  They 
sre  ready,  if  necessary,  to  say  "He  must 
increase,  and  I  must  decrease."  The 
Cause  with  them  is  everything. 

•    •  • 

We  have  not  cho«en  in  this  article  to 
discuss  other  personalities  that  enter 
into  the  picture.  It  is  sufficient  to  say 
that  no  leader  ever  achieveb  success 
without  loyal  and  competent  supporters. 
It  is  doufitful  if  anywhere  in  Canada  a 
Provincial  Asst  mbly  can  be  found  having 
a  more  l«>yal  and  efficient  group  of  law 
makers.  The  Premier  himself  paid  tribute 
to  them  in  similar  words  at  the  hour  of 
adjournment  the  other  day.  This  can 
be  said  in  addition,  moreover,  that 
Premier  Brownlee  does  not  interfere 
in  the  work  of  the  Dfpartmenfs;  that 
he  relies  upon  the  efficiency  in  their 
respective  fields  of  the  other  members  of 
the  Executive  Council,  and  that  they  do 
not  fail  him.  It  is  also  true  that  w  hen  any 
major  problem  arises,  when  unusual 
demand  or  rer)re8entation8  are  made  by 
any  body  of  citizens,  the  Premier  ne\er 
fails  to  consult  hi.s  fellow  ministers.  As 
we  said  before,  it  is  their  decisions,  their 
joint  decisions,  to  which  he  gives  voice 
in  the  Assembly.  That  it  makee  him  pre- 
eminent, brings  him  constantl.y  before 
the  jiublic  eye  is  inevitable.  It  is  in  the 
nature  of  gf)vernment.  Where  is  the 
country  or  Province  in  which  this  does 
not  obtain?  Ramsay  Macdonald,  Mac- 
kenzie King,  Hoover,  Tolmie,  Ferguson, 
Taschereau,  are  names  synonymous  with 
the  Governments  of  w  hich  they  have  been 
elected  heads.  The  average  citi/,en  of  Al- 
berta, we  will  venture  to  say,  would 
have  difficulty  in  naming  two  other 
ministers  in  the  cabinets  of  these  men. 

The  fact  is  that  the  Executive  Council, 
the  Government  of  Alberta,  is  a  well- 
balanced,  efficient  aggregation.  It  i^  so 
successful  that  they  who  aspire  to  its 
place  of  power  have  so  little  real  grounds 
lor  criticism  that  they  must  resort  to  some 
CPtch  phrase,  to  some  ai)peal  to  prejudice 
or  (ear,  in  their  attacks  upon  it.  Vve  will 
make  this  further  venture,  that  they  who 
use  these  tactics  show  little  grasi)  of  the 
present  political  situation,  when  they 
attempt  to  make  capital  by  attacking 
even  indirectly  the  position  of  Alberta's 
popular  Premier. 

 — — o—  — — — 

Preparations  are  being  made  for  taking 
another  decennial  census  in  Canada.  It  is 
to  be  taken  in  1931. 

 o  

"I  would  prefer  an  uneducated  people 
to  the  sort  of  eeducated  people  we  are 
now  obtaining;  people  who  are  able  to 
read  but  cannot  sift  their  reading." — 
St.  John  Ervine. 


April  l9t,  1930 


Assembly  Deals  With  Grist  of  Legislation  in 

Closing  Days  of  Session 

Adjonnunent  Pending  Consnltation  re  Natural  Resoarces 


Final  Touches  Given 
Provincial  Estimates 

Premier  in  Role  of  Smiling  Prophet- 
Resolution  on  Unemployment 
Insurance 

EDMONTON,  March  10.— Premier 
Brownlee  will  be  back  in  office  in  nineteen- 
thirty-two.  He  said  so  himself,  so  who 
is  there  among  us  who  wOuld  willinsly 
dispute  the  statement?  This  prophetic 
utterance  was  a  public  statement,  and 
came  in  reply  to  the  quizzing  of  J.  T. 
Shaw  about  the  methods  employed  by 
the.  Government  in  the  revision  of  the 
statutes  in  1921.  The  Premier  smilingly 
stated  that  he  would  employ  the  same 
method  in  the  new  revision  in  1932.  So 
that's  settled. 

W.  G.  Farquharson,  chairman  of  the 
redistribution  committee,  laid  on  the 
table  the  findings  of  the  committee,  to- 
gether with  a  map  of  the  proposed  changes. 
(The  findings  were  briefly  outlined  in 
the  issue  of  March  15th. — Ed.) 

The  final  touches  were  given  to  the 
estimates,  the  matter  of  why  the  Gov- 
ernment dispensed  with  the  services  of 
the  Commission  appointed  by  their  pre- 
decessors to  revise  and  consolidate  the 
statutes  being  brought  up  by  J.  T.  Shaw. 
The  Premier  made  it  clear  that  there  was 
not  the  slightest  intention  to  reflect  in  any 
way  on  the  work  of  the  eminent  legal 
experts  who  had  been  appointed  to  the 
Commission.    It  was  a  question  of  ex- 

Eediency  and  cost.  The  Government 
ad  instructed  the  department  staff  to 
undertake  the  balance  of  the  work,  with 
the  result  that  Dr.  Scott  had  the  entire 
revision  complete  in  time  for  the  session 
of  1922.  The  first  quarter  of  the  work 
had  been  done  by  the  Commission,  and 
so  far  as  expense  was  concerned,  the 
three-quarters  done  by  the  department 
officials  had  cost  less  than  the  quarter 
done  by  the  Commission.  In  1932  the 
Government  would  employ  the  same 
method.  (Laughter.)  The  estimates 
were  finally  passed. 

J.  T.  Shaw  stated  that  he  refused  to 
support  a  measure  which  gave  the  Exe- 
cutive Council  power  to  make  certain 
rules  governing  Rural  Credits.  He  want- 
ed these  rights  preserved  for  the  Legis- 
lature. The  Premier  replied  that  there 
would  be  no  pressure  on  the  members, 
and  action  would  be  delayed  until  after 
the  Public  Accounts  Committee  finished 
their  investigation  of  the  whole  matter. 
The  Government  was  confronted  with  the 
choice  of  two  policies  in  this  case,  and 
they  thought  it  well  to  carry  on  with  the 
new  supervisor,  Mr.  Percival,  and  have 
a  report  and  definite  policy  at  the  next 
session.  The  bill  was  given  second 
reading. 

In  committee  of  the  whole  there  was  a 
big  draft  of  legislation  advanced  a  stage 
or  reported  for  third  reading.  C.  L. 
Gibbs  allowed  his  pipe  to  go  out  an  awful 
lot  of  times  asking  questions,  and  there 
may  be  an  investigation  into  the  high 


STAFF  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  Legislative  Assembly  ad- 
journed on  March  21,  until  April 
2nd,  after  completing  most  of  the 
work  of  the  session.  The  adjourn- 
ment is  for  the  purpose  of  enabling 
Premier  Brownlee  to  examine  cer- 
tain features  of  the  Natural  Re- 
sources agreement  with  Saskatche- 
wan which  it  may  be  desirable  to 
include  in  the  Alberta  legislation, 
such  a  course,  it  is  understood,  being 
agreeable  to  Premier  King. 

Among  important  matters  dealt 
with  in  the  current  reports  are  the 
enactment  of  a  measure  for  the  pre- 
vention of  fraud  in  the  nale  of  se- 
curities; a  new  School  Bill,  which 
passed  second  reading,  and  the  en- 
dorsement by  the  Assembly  of  a 
recommendation  that  the  principle 
of  public  ownership  shall  be  ob- 
served in  the  development  of  Al- 
berta's power  resources. 


cost  of  Government  matches.  He  got 
a  clause  in  the  Town  Act  held  over  so 
that  it  could  be  redrafted  in  such  a  way 
that  councils  would  not  only  name  the 
two  days  selected  for  an  advanced  poll, 
but  would  also  be  left  free  to  select  the 
hours  during  which  said  poll  would  re= 
main  open. 

Control  of  electrical  energy  is  the 
subject  matter  of  a  very  important  bill, 
in  two  parts,  the  first  being  the  proclama- 
tion of  the  electrical  code  of  Canada  and 
the  second  part  being  of  an  emergent 
nature  which  might  never  be  needed,  or 
at  least  not  for  some  time.  It  was 
read  a  second  time,  and  its  provisions 
will  be  analysed  when  it  gets  to  the  com- 
mittee stage. 

COMPROMISE  ON 
UNEMPLOYMENT  INSURANCE 

Then  came  the  big  compromise.  Fred 
J.  White,  Labor  chief,  introduced  a  sub- 
stitute for  the  resolution  on  unemploy- 
ment insurance  presented  by  his  colleague. 
The  first  resolution  was  too  tough  for  the 
Government  to  swallow  whole,  so  the 
Premier  had  introduced  an  amendment; 
that  in  turn  had  been  too  much  for  the 
Liberal  Chief,  so  he  introduced  an  amend- 
ment to  the  amendment.  The  new  sug- 
gestion, in  substance,  is  the  calling  of  a 
joint  conference  between  Provinces  and 
Dominion,  at  the  same  time  freeing  the 
Province  from  commitment  to  any  policy 
resulting  until  approved  by  the  Provin- 
cial Legislature.  The  Premier  stated 
that  while  it  did  not  go  as  far  as  his  o\vn 
resolution,  he  consented  to  withdraw  his. 
J.  T.  Shaw  also  withdrew  his  amendment, 
and  the  mover  of  the  original,  C.  L. 
Gibbs,  sidetracked  his  also  and  the  sub- 
stitute resolution  became  the  unanimous 
choice  of  the  Assembly,  without  further 
debate. 

The  Letbbridge  charter  amendments 
were  passed  on  motion  of  A.  Smeaton. 
Irrigation  District  Acts  and  Tax  Con- 
Bolidation  Acts  were  finished  in  com- 
mittea.    In  the  Village  Aot,  eounoils  wero 


given  power  to  grant  monies  to  boards 
of  trade,  at  the  discretion  of  the  councils. 

TWO  ACTS  DEALING 
WITH  CO-OPERATION 

Then  came  a  few  fireworks  on  the  regis- 
tration of  co-operative  societies.  There 
are  two  bills,  one  dealing  with  co-opera- 
tive marketing  associations  and  one 
dealing  with  co-operative  associations. 
The  confusion  at  times  which  fogs  up  this 
distinction  is  the  cause  of  funny  incidents. 
In. the  co-operative  marketing  associations 
the  registration  fee  is  increased  to  twenty- 
five  dollars,  but  the  cause  of  some  dispute 
is  the  provision  that  if  the  association 
will  forward  its  requisite  return  to  the 
Government  promptly  and  correctly  each 
year,  that  immediately  thereafter  the 
Government  will  refund  five  dollars. 
This  will  be  repeated  each  year  for  five 
years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  the 
entire  fee  will  have  been  refunded. 

So,  at  this  point  C.  L.  Gibbs  and  J. 
T.  Shaw  took  exception  to  the  return  of 
the  entire  fee,  maintaining  that  the  cost 
of  registration  at  least  should  not  be 
refunded.  R.  G.  Reid  explained  that  the 
cost  would  be  small,  l?eing  part  of  the 
general  cost  of  upkeep  of  the  Co-opera- 
tive supervisor's  office  established  some 
time  ago.  He  stressed  the  idea  that  the 
only  object  in  increasing  the  fee  and 
granting  the  refund  was  to  encourage  the 
associations  to  file  their  returns  promptly, 
as  it  was  in  the  realm  of  financing  and 
auditing  that  associations  had  gone  astray 
in  the  past. 

The  same  idea  was  introduced  in  the 
Co-operative  Association  Act,  the  fee 
being  increased  and  the  principle  of  the 
return  applied.  J.  T.  Shaw  was  afraid 
that  if  this  were  to  be  granted  to  co- 
operatives, it  would  discourage  private 
enterprise.  R.  G.  Reid  thought  the  case 
was  dilTerent,  as  these  associations  were 
non-profit  associations,  but  J.T.S.  thought 
they  existed  for  the  profit  of  the  member- 
ship. His  colleague,  George  Webster,  on 
the  other  hand,  manifested  fear  that  the 
high  fee  would  discourage  the  formation 
of  co-operatives. 

George  MacLachlan,  Pembina,  took  a 
prominant  part  in  the  debate,  in  the 
course  of  which  he  pointed  out  that  many 
of  these  small  consumers'  associations 
only  did  a  business  of  from  $100  a  year 
up,  and  it  would  not  be  fair  to  penalise 
them  by  making  the  charges  excessive. 
The  refund  was  the  only  way  to  safe- 
guard the  member,  as  the  necessity  of  an 
accurate  and  prompt  audit  was  the  key 
to  success.  In  Saskatchewan  the  fee  was 
around  three  dollars. 

C.  L.  Gibbs  thought  the  fee  should  be 
graduated  to  suit  the  case,  and  while  he 
did  not  object  to  the  loan  of  public 
monies  to  help  organise  co-operatives, 
this  money  to  be  repaid,  he  did  not  think 
it  wise  to  saddle  the  public  purse  with 
the  entire  cost  of  registration  of  these 
associations.  Like  J.  T.  Shaw,  he  wanted 
them  to  pay  their  way.  Progress  was 
reported  on  the  bill. 

A  bill  to  relieve  cities  from  having  to 
collect  school  taxes  in  rural  districts  and 
transferring  thia  job  to  s  village,  muai- 


18  (274) 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


April  1st,  1930 


cipal  district  or  the  Minister  of  Municipal 
Affairs,  was  advanced  a  stage.  This  to 
affect  several  of  the  smaller  cities. 

The  Parks  Act  was  forwarded,  and  the 
provision  made  for  the  preservation  of 
Deauty  and  historic  spots  and  the  forma- 
tion of  parks.  Old  Fort  Edmonton  is 
one  of  the  places  involved. 

A  bill  to  allow  the  London  and  Western 
Trusts  Co.  to  eat  up  the  Standards  Trusts 
Co.  went  through  committee.  R.  H. 
Parkyn  moved  an  amendment  to  the 
Calgary  City  Charter  which  will  preclude 
employees  and  customers  from  being  on 
or  loitering  around  barber  shops  and 
beauty  parlors  after  one  hour  subsequent 
to  the  closing  hour  on  Saturdays,  which 
is  seven.    It  passed. 

The  Municipal  Hospitals  Act  was  ad- 
vanced, several  amendments  proposed  by 
Minister  Hoadley  being  to  give  power  to 
the  Minister  to  take  a  vote  in  any  area 
after  a  deadlock  or  stalemate  by  the  resi- 
dents. He  instanced  cases  of  this  in  the 
Coronation  district.  Another  amend- 
ment was  to  exclude  a  doctor  from  being 
elected  to  the  board  of  any  municipal 
hospital. 

Approval  of  a  bill  by  which  the  Ren- 
frew Golf  Club  would  assimilate  the  St. 
Andrews  Golf  Club  of  Calgary  was  re- 
fused pending  inquiry  as  to  whether  the 
step  had  been  concurred  in  by  members  of 
the  latter.  There  was  a  suspicion  that 
the  process  was  more  concerned  with  the 
establishment  of  an  up-town  club  than  a 
golf  club,  and  so  it  was  held  over  for 
further  investigation. 

An  account  of  the  debate  on  the  bill  to 
guarantee  advances  to  the  Alberta  Wheat 
Pool,   which   passed   third   reading  on 
March  11th,  was  given  in  our  last  issue. 
 o  

Bill  to  Prevent  Fraud 
in  Sale  of  Securities 

Attorney  General  Brings  in  Measure  for 
Public  Protection — Compromise 
on  Jury  Act 

EDMONTON,  March  12.— Two  im- 
portant subjects,  ,as  well  as  a  dozen  or 
so  bills  in  committee,  took  up  the  time 
of  the  Assembly  on  Wednesday.  An 
agreeable  termination  came  to  the  reso- 
lution of  J.  T.  Shaw  on  the  clarification 
and  emendation  of  the  Jury  Act  to 
prevent  whittling  away  by  the  judiciary 
of  the  right  to  trial  by  jury  in  civil  cases. 
A  compromise  having  been  arrived  at, 
on  that  matter,  deep  and  studious  thought 
was  given  in  committee  to  the  new  pro- 

Eosals  in  the  Prevention  of  Fraud  in  the 
ale  of  Securities  Act,  and  the  debate 
was  interesting  and  timely.  Many  bills 
were  advanced  so  far  as  to  bring  the  end 
of  the  session  into  clear  view,  and  the 
royal  assent  was  graciously  given  to  nine 
bills,  including  the  Wheat  Pool  Guarantees 
Bill. 

The  evening  previous  the  Liberal 
chieftain  had  introduced  his  motion  on 
the  Jury  Act.  He  built  up  a  strong  case 
for  the  preservation  of  the  right  of  jury 
trial  in  civil  as  well  as  criminal  cases. 
He  used  illustrations  of  recent  judicial 
actions,  one  with  respect  to  an  action  for 
recession  of  contract  in  the  case  of  sale 
to  a  farmer  by  the  Minneapolis  Thresh- 
ing Machine  Co.  of  machinery  which  it 
was  claimed  did  not  turn  out  to  be  as 
represented.  But  the  learned  judge  had 
refused  trial  by  jury,  and  Mr.  Shaw 
built  tip  from  that  incident  a  case  to  the 
effect  tbat  the  judiciary  were  whittling 
away  at  the  people's  right  to  jury  trial. 


The  Attorney  General,  who  thereafter 
took  up  the  parable,  objected  strongly  to 
the  implication  that  the  judiciary  was 
whittling  away  that  right.  He  conceded 
the  fact  that  such  right  should  be  avail- 
able. He  was  willing  even  to  amend, 
extend  or  otherwise  deal  with  the  act  to 
make  it  conform  to  the  wishes  of  the 
Assembly^  but  he  would  not  do  so  if  the 
words  which  the  Liberal  leader  had  chosen 
were  allowed  to  remain  in  the  resolution. 

He  pointed  out  that  under  the  act,  the 
right  of  trial  by  jury,  at  the  request  of 
either  litigant,  must  be  granted  in  cases 
where  the  amount  involved  exceeded 
$1000.  In  the  case  specified  by  J.  T. 
Shaw,  damages  asked  were  placed  at 
$750  and  therefore  the  judge  refused  trial 
l>y  jury.  If  the  Liberal  leader  would 
strike  out  the  obnoxious  words  and  sug- 
gest an  extension  or  clarification  of  the 
act,  the  Government  would  accede  to  the 
request  and  make  a  survey  and  have  a 
report  ready  for  the  next  session,  and 
then  if  it  was  not  found  to  meet  all  re- 
quirements the  members  of  the  Assembly 
could  amend  it  further  at  their  pleasure. 

P.  J.  Enzenauer. — Let  me  get  this  clear. 
Is  it  so,  that  if  a  case  involved  does  not 
amount  to  $1,000,  the  act  makes  no 
provision  for  trial  by  jury? 

Attorney-General. — Yes.  The  amount 
has  to  be  a  minimum  of  $1,001. 

J.  T.  Shaw,  closing  the  debate,  said 
that  as  the  farmer  litigant  in  the  case 
mentioned  had  traded  in  an  old  machine 
at  $750  and  given  a  promissory  note  for 
$850,  he  did  not  see  how  the  learned 
judge  could  assume  that  the  case  was 
beyond  the  pale  of  the  jury  provisions. 
However,  as  his  desire  was  the  clarifica- 
tion of  the  act  in  the  master,  and  as  he 
knew  perfectly  well  that  it  could  not  be 
accomplished  during  the  present  session, 
he  was  quite  agreeable  tliat  the  Govern- 
ment should  review  the  matter  during 
recess,  and  so  he  begged  leave  to  be  al- 
lowed to  suggest  an  amended  motion 
with  the  objectionable  words  left  out. 
He  then  stated  that  if  the  Attorney 
General  would  move  this  motion  he 
would  be  very  pleased  to  second  it. 

The  Attorney  General  laughingly 
thanked  him  for  the  honor,  but  adopted 
an  attitude  of  "after  you,  my  dear 
Joseph."  It  was  finally  agreed  that  the 
Liberal  chief  would  move  it  as  a  substi- 
tute and  the  Attorney  General  would 
second  it. 

That  was  fine,  but  Mr.  Speaker  pretty 
near  upset  the  applecart  and  dissolved 
the  harmony  by  informing  the  Assembly 
that  he  was  fed  up  with  the  irregular  prac- 
tice of  moving  substitute  motions  without 
notice.  Of  course  he  used  dignified 
language,  not  having  the  poetic  license 
allowed  a  mere  scribe.  However,  after 
reading  a  lecture  on  procedure  in  a  few 
simple  words,  he  allowed  the  substitution 
on  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  Assem- 
bly, and  so  that  is  that. 

TO  PREVENT  FRAUD 

IN  SALE  OF  SECURITIES 

Everybody  interested  in  the  purchase 
of  securities — and  who  isn't  in  these  days 
when  so  many  people  are  piling  up  im- 
mense fortunes  by  the  simple  expedient 
of  taking  a  few  shares  in  eyeglass  con- 
solidated or  niblick-putties? — ^will  follow 
with  keen  interest  the  attempts  of  the 
Attorney  General  to  make  the  game 
clean,  honorable,  straight  and  above 
board.  He  is  being  helped  con.siderably 
by  the  stock  exchanges  themselves,  from 
whom  many  suggestion  with  respect  to 
the  better  regulations  and  survey  of  all 
transactions  have  been  received,  and  por- 
tions of  the  new  bill  are  drafted  to  em- 
body such  suggestions. 


Perhaps  it  might  be  as  well  right  here 
to  give  a  brief  review  of  some  of  the  more 
drastic  parts  of  the  bill,  as  well  as  the 
comments  of  several  members  thereto. 
The  preamble  makes  it  clear  as  to  the 
meaning  of  the  word  "broker,"  which 
formerly  meant  a  person  only,  but  which 
now  includes  a  company  and  officials  of 
a  company  or  partnership  which  trades 
in  securities,  and  shall  also  include  a 
security  issuer  (that  is  the  issue  of  stock 
by  a  company  or  individual  who  is  the 
actual  owner  of  same)  unless  the  context 
of  the  bill  definitely  indicates  the  contrary. 

The  definition  of  "fraud"  is  very  im- 
portant, being  as  follows: 

(c)  "Fraud,"  "fraudulent"  and  "frau- 
dulent act"  shall,  in  addition  to  their 
ordinary  meaning,  include: 
fi)  any  intentional  misrepresentation 

by  word,  conduct  or  in  any  manner  of 

any  material  fact  either  present  or  past, 

and. any  intentional  omission  to  disclose 

any  such  fact; 

(ii)  any  promise  or  representation  as 
to  the  future  which  is  beyond  reason- 
able expectation  and  not  made  in  good 
faith; 

(iii)  any  fictitious  or  pretended  trade 
in  any  security; 

(iv)  the  gaining  or  attempt  to  gain, 
directly  or  indirectly,  through  a  trade 
in  any  security,  a  commission,  fee  or 
gross  profit  so  large  and  exorbitant  as 
to  be  unconscionable  and  unreasonable; 

(v)  any  course  of  conduct  or  business 
which  is  calculated  or  put  forward  with 
intent  to  deceive  the  public  or  the  pur- 
chaser or  the  vendor  of  any  security  as 
to  the  nature  of  any  transaction  or  as 
to  the  value  of  such  security; 

(vi)  the  making  of  any  material 
false  statement  in  any  application, 
information,  material  or  evidence  sub- 
mitted or  given  to  the  Attorney-Gen- 
eral, his  representative  or  the  Registrar 
under  the  provisions  of  this  act  or  the 
regulations;  or  in  any  prospectus  or 
return  filed  with  the  Provincial  Sec- 
retary; 

(vii)  the  violation  of  any  provision  of 
this  act  or  of  the  regulations  relating 
to  trading  in  securities; 

fviii)  generally  any  artifice,  agreement, 
device  or  scheme,  course  of  conduct  or 
business  to  obtain   money,   profit  or 
property  by  any  of  the  means  herein- 
before set  forth  or  otherwise  contrary 
to  law  and  anything  specifically  desig- 
nated in  the  regulations  as  coming 
within  the  meaning  of  this  definition; 
Part  one  deals  with  registration;  no  per- 
son shall  trade  in  securities  unless  he  is 
registered  as  a  broker,  or  salesman  of  a 
registered  broker,  etc.,  with  a  few  exemi> 
tions  clearly  defined.    In  the  exemptions 
granted  to  one  who  trades  a  security  in 
an  isolated  case,  care  is  taken  to  prevent 
an  ex-salesman  from  trading  under  cover 
of    this    exemption.    Exemptions  from 
registration  extend  to  non-profit  sharing 
companies,  and  the  balance  of  the  first 
part  deals  with  bonds  and  penalties  and 
forfeiture  and  cancellation  for  offences. 

Some  discussion  took  place  with  regard 
to  the  latter  parts  of  the  penalty  section. 


During  the  week  commencing 
March  10th,  and  for  a  portion  of 
March  17th,  staff  correspondence 
was  taken  over  by  James  P.  Watson, 
during  the  absence  of  Norman  F. 
Priestley,  who  returned  to  the  press 
gallery  on  that  date  after  visiting 
the  agricultural  schools  of  the 
Province  in  reference  to  a  text  book 
on  Co-operation  which  he  is  pre- 
paring. 


April  Ist,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


(275)  19 


The  words  preceding  the  penalties  state — 
"The  Attorney  General  may  order  that" 
fand  then  follows  sub-seetions  outlining 
the  offence  and  the  penalty)  and  the  sec- 
tion concludes  with  the  words:  "and  no 
order  of  the  Attorney  General  shall  be 
subject  to  review  in  any  way  in  any 
court." 

Mr.  Shaw  thought  that  was  too  drastic 
but  the  Attorney  General  remarked  that 
it  was  in  the  old  act  passed  last  year. 
It  stood. 

Part  two  deals  with  investigation  and 
action  by  the  Attorney  General.  This  is 
the  same  as  last  year,  only  the  insertion 
of  certain  words  (which  are  given  in 
capitals  below)  increases  the  scope.  For 
instance,  "the  Attorney  General,  or  any 
person,  OR  PERSONS  to  whom  as  his 
representative  OR  REPRESENTA- 
TIVES he  may  in  writing  delegate  such 
authnritv,  may  examine  anv  person, 
COMPANY,  PROPERTY  or  thing  what- 
soever at  any  time  in  order  to  ascertain 
whet  her  any  fraudulent  act,  or  any  offence 
against  this  act  has  been,  is  being,  or  is 
about  to  be  committed,"  etc.,  and  this 
section  makes  it  clear  that  no  bank  shall 
be  exempt  from  examination  insofar  as 
the  sale  of  securities  are  concerned,  even 
though  it  seems  that  employees  or  offi- 
cers of  banks  are  exempt  from  examina- 
tion under  the  Alberta  Evidence  Act  or 
the  Canada  Evidence  Act. 

With  regard  to  this  clause  Mr.  Shaw 
drew  the  attention  of  the  Attorney 
General  to  the  danger  under  these  pro- 
visions of  companies  or  individuals  sufTer- 
ing  unduly  at  the  hands  of  over-officious 
investigators  and  the  need  for  careful 
handling,  as  witnessed  he  said  by  the 
recent  cases  in  parts  of  Canada.  Mr. 
Duggan  also  stressed  this  point,  and  the 
Attorney  General  replied  that  he  was 
deeply  conscious  of  this  danger,  and  the 
Department  was  fully  alive  to  the  need 
for  careful  survey. 

A  clause  which  provides  that  where 
an  accused  person  refuses  to-  furnish  in- 
formation, this  shall  be  deemed  to  be 
prima  facie  evidence  upon  which  the 
Attorney  General,  the  Supreme  Court 
or  a  judge  thereof  or  a  police  magistrate 
may  give  a  judgment  in  their  several 
capacities,  provoked  some  more  obser- 
vations from  the  Liberal  leader. 

It  was  fundamental  in  law  that  no 
man  should  be  convicted  out  of  his  own 
mouth,  and  he  thought  it  unwise,  but  the 
Attorney  General  said  it  was  designed 
to  provide  for  the  case  where  reasonable 
evidence  existed  to  convict  but  the  ac- 
cused deliberately  refused  to  open  his 
mouth.  If  a  man  is  innocent,  he  affirmed, 
he  would  at  least  try  to  give  information. 
It  was  unusual  legislation,  he  admitted, 
but  very  necessary.  Mr.  Shaw  thought 
it  would  encourage  third  degree  methods, 
and  spoke  as  though  the  third  degree  is  a 
common  legal  trait. 

There  was  some  laughter  when  the 
Liberal  leader  said  that  possibly  a  man 
might  shut  his  mouth  on  investigation, 
because  while  innocent  on  the  charge 
investigated  the  man  feared  that  by 
speaking  up  he  would  give  away  some 
other  offence  of  which  he  had  been  guilty. 

That  was  too  much  for  the  Minister  of 
Education,  who  with  a  mere  layman's 
understanding  did  not  see  how  guilt 
should  not  be  guilt  under  certain  con- 
ditions. 

PANEL  OF  AUDITORS 
TO  INSPECT  BOOKS 

Part  three  deals  with  audits,  accounts 
and  information.  This  is  of  primary 
importance.  The  regulations  are  that 
each  exchange  shall  keep  a  panel  of 
auditors  to  inspect  the  books  of  each 
person  or  company  doing  business  on  the 


exchange.  Twice  each  year  shall  an 
audit  be  made,  once  at  a  specified  time, 
to  fit  in  with  income  tax  returns,  and  the 
other  to  take  place  at  a  time  unknown 
to  the  company  or  person,  so  that  the 
element  of  surprise  will  be  a  factor  in  the 
prevention  of  illicit  practices.  The  ex- 
changes are  given  absolute  power  to 
enforce  the  audit  and  secure  returns. 
This  is  already  in  effect  in  the  bigger 
exchanges,  and  the  smaller  ones  will  have 
to  step  up. 

Part  four  provides  for  regulation  of 
trading.  Stringent  new  provisions  and 
penalties  are  drawn  up,  directed  at  the 
practice  of  a  broker  selling  for  his  own 
account  against  a  customer's  buying  order, 
thus  preventing  the  purchase  from  having 
any  effect  upon  the  market  and  relieving 
the  broker  from  carrying  the  stock.  The 
customer  who  has  been  so  treated  may 
elect  to  treat  the  contract  as  void,  and 
recover  whatever  he  paid  with  interest. 
This  is  also  considered  an  offense.  Ex- 
changes shall  keep  a  record  showing  the 
time  and  place  at  which  each  transaction 
took  place  and  shall  supply  to  any  custo- 
mer of  any  member  of  such  exchange  upon 
production  in  writing  confirmation  of  any 
transaction  v  ith  any  such  member,  par- 
ticulars of  the  time  at  which  such  trans- 
action took  place  and  certification  or 
otherwise  of  the  matters  set  forth  in  such 
confirmation. 

Part  five  contains  general  provisions. 


Assembly  Unanimous 
in  Adopting  Report 
on  Redistribution 

Chairman  Pays  Tribute  to  John  D.  Hunt 

EDMONTON  March  13th.— W.  G. 
Farquharson  to-day  moved  the  adoption 
of  the  report  of  the  redistribution  com- 
mittee, seconded  by  George  Webster. 
As  chairman  he  paid  a  special  tribute  to 
the  secretary,  J.  D.  Hunt,  whose  informa- 
tion and  tabulations  saved  the  committee 
weeks  of  work.  He  expressed  apprecia- 
tion also  of  the  work  of  the  members  of 
the  committee,  who  had  carried  on 
harmoniously  in  the  desire  to  reach  some 
mutual  agreement.  He  thought  its  work 
had  wiped  out  some  of  the  existing 
anomalies  with  regard  to  population,  as 
Mr.  Hunt's  tabulations  showed  that  there 
had  been  20  constituencies  above  the 
average,  while  28  had  been  under.  This 
had  been  changed  to  13  and  15  constitu- 
encies, respectively.  He  recommended 
the  adoption  of  the  report. 

Col.  Weaver  stated  the  Conservative 
members  took  the  position  they  had 
always  taken,  that  any  redistribution 
would  be  inadequate  so  long  as  there 
existed  two  systems  of  voting,  one  for 
the  rural  parts  and  one  for  the  urban. 
With  this  reservation,  he  concurred  in 
the  report,  and  said  that  in  spite  of 
differences  of  political  thought  the  result 
had  gone  considerable  distance  towards 
rectifying  some  of  the  discrepancies,  and 
he  thought  this  result  and  the  harmony 
which  had  prevailed,  due  largely  to  the 
tact  and  courtesy  of  the  chairman,  who 
had  preserved  the  peace  between  the 
lions  and  the  lambs. 

George  Webster  didn't  know  whether 
his  character  was  that  of  a  lion  or  that  of  a 
lamb.  However,  a  great  deal  of  work 
had  to  be  done,  and  many  things  which  at 
times  cropped  up  to  make  it  seem  im- 
possible to  achieve  any  result  bad  been 
overcome,  and  it  had  seemed  that  the 
major  thought  in  the  minds  of  the  mem- 


bers had  been  to  find  a  mutual  agreement. 
There  had  been  in  all  elements  a  sub- 
merging of  their  own  political  hopes.  Of 
course  the  committee,  by  virtue  of  the 
resolution  of  the  Assembly  which  had 
called  them  into  being,  had  been  restricted 
along  certain  lines  and  the  work  was  the 
best  that  could  be  done  under  those  re- 
strictions. There  had  been  so  much  work 
attached  to  this,  that  he  hoped  frankly 
that  if  ever  a  time  came  when  a  new  com- 
mittee should  be  set  up,  that  he  would  not 
find  himself  one  of  the  personnel. 

Fred  White  mentioned  that  that  day 
was  exactly  the  365th  since  the  setting  up 
of  the  committee.  They  had  worked 
less  than  a  year,  but  he  thought  the  time 
had  been  well  spent.  He  felt  some 
gratification,  because  he  had  been  on  the 
committee  of  1926,  and  it  had  been 
futile.  The  arrangement  of  any  con- 
stituency boundary  which  had  been  in 
existence  for  a  great  length  of  time  was  a 
rather  delicate  problem,  as  there  were  no 
doubt  many  local  conditions  which  had 
to  be  recognized. 

ADEQUATE  EQUALIZATION 
NOT  POSSIBLE. 

The  Premier  also  expressed  apprecia- 
tion on  behalf  of  the  Government  of  the 
work  of  the  committee.  There  were  some 
features  of  the  proposed  redistribution 
which  were  not  100  per  cent  appreciated 
by  the  Government,  just  as  there  were 
features  which  had  not  been  100  per  cent 
appreciated  by  members  opposite.  The 
result  would  affect  the  Government  as 
much  as  it  did  other  groups.  Personally, 
he  felt  that  in  a  young  and  growing 
Province  there  would  never  be  an  ade- 
quate equalization  of  population,  to  the 
ultimate  degree,  and  even  in  states  like 
New  Zealand,  where  they  adjusted  repre- 
sentation by  an  independent  tribunal, 
there  was  a  fifteen  per  cent  leeway  above 
or  below  the  average.  He  predicted  that 
within  the  next  five  years  the  present  plan 
would  be  superseded,  and  looked  for  the 
grouping  of  municipalities  into  larger 
units,  which  at  the  same  time  would  not 
have  the  disadvantages  of  the  county 
system  as  known  in  the  east,  so  that  there 
would  be  new  groupings  for  municipal 
school  and  administration  purposes. 

J.  T.  Shaw  had  no  special  observations 
to  make  on  the  proposed  changes,  as  he 
had  only  given  a  hurried  survey  to  the 
map.  He  was  sure,  though,  that  there 
was  at  least  one  abortion  in  the  suggestion, 
namely  that  of  the  constituency  of 
Cochrane.  He  had  never  been  in  favor 
of  a  committee  of  the  Assembly  anyway, 
but  had  advocated  consistently  an  inde- 
pendent commission.  Membership  in  the 
Assembly  was  too  great  to  start  with,  and 
here  they  were  still  adding  to  it.  However, 
having  the  restrictions  in  mind  it  was  the 
best  that  could  be  done,  and  he  would  not 
oppose  the  adoption  of  the  report. 

It  was  adopted  unanimously. 

The  Legislature  consented  to  the 
establishment  of  a  research  council  for 
Alberta;  regulation  and  construction  of 
Provincial  Parks  is  assured;  George 
Hoadley  got  his  agricultural  pests  legis- 
lation tuned  up  ready  for  the  season;  and 
Red  Deer  had  its  ordinances  duly  or- 
dained. 

CO-OPERATIVE  ACTS 
ARE  AMENDED 

The  following  amendments  were  sug- 
gested to  the  acts  respecting  co-operativa 
marketing  associations  and  co-operative 
associations.  Provisions  referred  to  pre- 
viously, namely,  the  increase  of  the  regis- 
tration fees  to  $25  with  a  yearly  rebate 
of  five  dollars  for  correct  returns,  have 
been  expunged.  The  following  are  the 
new  suggestions  adopted  by  the  Assembly. 


20  (278) 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


April  let,  1930 


Co-operalive  Marketing  Associations 
Act:  New  section  to  take  the  place  of 
Sec.  46 — "There  shall  be  paid  to  the 
heeistrar  upon  filinp  the  memorandum 
and  articles  of  association  a  fee  of  five 
dollars,  and  upon  filing  an  amendment 
to  the  memorandum  or  articles  of  asso- 
ciation a  fee  of  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents." 

Co-operative  Associations  Act:  New 
schedule  of  fees;  application  for  registra- 
tion and  filing  bylaws  or  rules,  $5.00; 
filing  amended  bylaws  or  rules,  $2.50; 
every  cancellation  of  entry,  $2.50;  each 
search,  25  cents;  filing  any  document, 
25  cents. 

Second  reading  of  the  new  Mines  Act 
was  given,  after  the  Premier  had  pro- 
mised to  draw  up  a  list  of  the  few  con- 
tentious clauses  so  that  members  could 
study  them  over  the  week-end.  Delay 
of  this  bill  till  the  closing  days  of  the 
session  was  determined,  as  the  latest 
draft  had  been  only  recently  mailed  to 
parties  concerned,  and  the  Premier  wished 
them  to  have  time  to  make  any  repre- 
sentations. 

P.  M.  Christophers,  fighting  miner 
from  the  Rockies,  said  second  reading 
was  "O.K.  for  him,"  but  intimated  that 
he  sure  as  the  dickens  had  some  amend- 
ments to  suggest  when  the  proper  time 
came. 

Over  an  hour's  discussion  of  the  Me- 
chanics Liens  Act  Amendments  Act  took 
place,  some  very  contentious,  if  not  fiery 
stuff  having  been  found  therein.  Labor 
was  kicking  for  security  for  wages  for 
cutting  brush  or  other  labor;  farmers 
were  kicking  because  they  got  no  notice 
when  a  plaster  was  placed  on  their 
property  for  materials  or  labor;  Sam 
Brown  wanted  everything  stricken  from 
the  register  as  soon  as  paid;  some  others 
wanted  a  lien  to  be  on  the  buildings  only; 
some  thought  it  might  extend  to  a  quarter 
section;  some  though};  the  power  of  the 
judiciary  to  assess  it  against  the  whole 
area  owned  by  the  party  against  whom 
claim  was  levied  was  altogether  going 
too  far,  and  a  whole  lot  of  other  things 
which  could  not  be  heard  in  the  press 
gallery. 

 o  

New  School  Bill  Is 
Moved  in  Assembly 

All  Anthority  Rests  in  Hands  of  Elected 
Representatives 

EDMONTON,  March  14.— It  seems 
that  more  and  more  as  time  goes  on  does 
the  U.F.A.  system  of  democratic  repre- 
sentation finds  its  way  into  all  admini- 
strative channels  of  the  Province.  "From 
the  ground  up"  is  now  much  more  than 
a  mere  phrase. 

If  your  correspondent  is  right  in  his 
conception  of  some  of  the  provisions  of 
the  new  School  Act,  it  would  seem  that  in 
the  new  voluntary  divisions  to  become 
operative  under  the  terms  of  the  act. 
each  of  the  school  districts  concerned 
select  a  delegate,  who  when  they  meet,  in 
turn  select  directors  who  form  what  will 
be  known  as  the  divisional  board.  In 
view  of  widespread  statements  to  the 
effect  that  the  bill  aims  to  take  away  con- 
trol from  the  people  and  place  it  entirely 
in  the  hands  of  governmental  officials,  let 
it  be  clearly  stated  that  all  authority 
rests  absolutely  on  the  elected  representa- 
tives. The  divisional  board  under  the  new 
bill  establishes  rates  of  pay,  makes  the 
necessary  requisitions,  ana  assumas  all  the 
functions  which  in  last  year's  bill  were 
assigned  to  the  Keneral  board.    There  i* 


uu  general  taxing  area  under  the  measure, 
nor  any  general  board. 

STILL  IN  THE 
DARK  AQES 

The  Minister  of  Education,  Perre  n 
Baker,  dealt  with  the  principle  of  the  bill 
on  second  reading  today,  and  the  debate 
was  adjourned  immediately  thereafter  by 
George  Webster,  Calgary.  Wetaskiwin 
and  Drumheller  city  charters  were  in 
committee  of  the  whole  and  advanced 
several  stages.  Apropos  the  former,  please 
take  note  that  no  PERSON  need  apply 
for  position  as  mayor  or  alderman,  as  it  is 
expressljr  stated  that  "any  MALE"  with 
the  requisite  qualifications  can  be  elected 
to  these  high  offices.  The  Hon.  Irene 
Parlby  lifted  her  eyebrows  slightly  when 
she  made  the  remark  that  she  was  very 
much  surprised  in  these  modern  times  to 
find  a  city  like  Wetaskiwin  still  living  in 


In  the  new  school  bill  an  effort  has  been 
made  to  effect  a  more  logical  arrangement 
than  in  the  existing  act,  which,  as  a  result 
of  the  many  changes  which  it  has  under- 
gone, has  become  rather  confused  and 
difficult  to  under^'tand.  The  new  bill  is 
divided  into  seventeen  parts,  each  with 
an  appropriate  title  indicating  the  matter 
with  which  it  deals.  The  provisions  of 
the  bill  are  in  the  main  similar  to  those 
of  the  existing  act,  the  cjiief  difference, 
apart  from  the  provision  for  the  estab- 
lishing of  divisions,  being  that  the  quali- 
fications for  voting  in  school  elections  are 
made  uniform  throughout  the  Province, 
by  providing  for  adult  suffrage  in  con- 
nection with  the  election  of  trustees  and 
for  a  property  qualification  for  voting  on 
bond  issues. 

A  Radical  Change 

Part  XVI  of  the  bill,  which  deals  with 
the  formation  of  larger  units  of  admini- 
stration, or  divisions,  differs  quite  radi- 
cally from  that  of  last  year,  in  that  it 
provides  for  the  formation  of  a  division 
only  after  a  vote  favorable  thereto  has 
been  recorded  in  the  area  affected.  Where- 
as the  school  bill  of  1929  provided  for  the 
grouping  of  all  the  rural  school  districts 
of  the  Province  into  divisions,  forming  a 
general  taxing  area,  and  for  the  creation 
of  a  general  board,  through  which  the 
divisions  would  co-operate  in  raising  a 
general  fund  for  the  payment  of  the 
salaries  of  all  teachers,  and  by  which  a 
salary  schedule  applicable  to  all  rural 
teachers  would  be  established,  under  the 
modified  scheme  no  general  board  is 
possible,  and  the  fixing  of  the  salary 
schedule  and  the  paying  of  the  teachers 
will  be  done  by  the  board  of  each  division, 
the  money  being  raised  by  a  common 
mill  rate  over  the  division. 

An  amendment  to  the  School  Grants 
Act  will  provide  for  the  payment  to  an"y 
division  of  an  equalization  grant  sufficient 
to  ensure  that  the  payment  of  teachers' 
salaries  shall  not  require  a  levy  of  more 
than  eight  mills  within  the  division,  this 
being  approximately  the  average  re- 
quired for  this  purpose  among  the  rural 
Roboob  of  the  Proviac* 


the  dark  ages.  This  gave  a  cue  to  Labor 
members,  who  hammered  at  certain  pro- 
perty qualifications  in  the  bill.  Chris. 
Pattinson  stated  it  was  absurd  to  find  that 
one  could  not  be  elected  as  alderman  of 
Wetaskiwin  unless  one  had  $100  in  col- 
lateral when  one  without  any  collateral 
could  be  a  member  of  that  Assembly  or 
even  sit  in  the  scorner's  seat  at  Ottawa, 
or  words  at  least  to  that  effect.  The  bills 
were  held  over  till-  later. 

Mr.  Baker,  moving  second  reading  of 
his  bill,  made  it  emphatic  that  there  was 
no  deviation  on  the  part  of  the  Govern- 
ment from  the  belief  in  their  original 
policy,  namely,  the  complete  reorgani- 
sation of  rural  school  administration  and 
the  embracing  of  all  rural  school  districts 
in  divisions.  The  new  measure  might  be 
disappointing  to  ardent  advocates  of  the 
larger  unit,  but  no  Government  should 
proceed  with  social  legislation  in  advance 
of  public  opinion. 


Notable  Progress 

During  the  past  decade  notable  progress 
in  education  has  been  made. 

The  enrolment  in  our  schools  has  in- 
creased 35.6  per  cent  and  now  totals 
164,850. 

The  constantly  increasing  number  of 
pupils  has  been  taken  care  of  by  the 
opening  of  1,217  new  classrooms,  making 
a  present  total  of  5,345. 

The  period  of  operation  has  been  greatly 
increased,  93  per  cent  of  all  our  schools 
now  operating  for  160  days  or  more,  as 
compared  with  66  per  cent  ten  years  ago. 

There  is  greater  regularity  of  attend- 
ance. 

Teachers  are  better  trained  today.  The 
academic  requirement  has  been  raised, 
the  period  of  training  has  been  lengthened, 
practice  teaching  is  greatly  increased,  and 
a  School  of  Education  has  been  established 
within  the  University,  for  the  superior 
training  of  graduates. 

The  overcrowding,  which  was  quite 
common  in  schools  of  the  New  Canadians 
particularly,  has  been  largely  overcome 
by  the  building  of  over  one  hundred  two- 
roomed  schools. 

The  general  level  of  attainment  of  the 
pupils  in  the  schools  has  been  very  con- 
siderably raised  as  a  result  of  these  im- 
proved opportunities,  as  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that:  '  Grade  eight  examinations 
were  written  in  1,804  rural  schools  in 
1929,  as  compared  with  886  in  1921. 

Rural  High  Schools 

Further  evidence  of  this  is  seen  in  the 
greatly  increased  enrolment  in  the  high 
schools.  13  rural  high  schools  have  been 
organized,  including  62  school  districts. 
Grade  nine  examinations  last  June  were 
written  in  841  rural  school  districts,  and 
Grade  X  examinations  in  357.  The  total 
enrolment  in  high  school  grades  in  the 
Province  is  19,433,  an  increase  in  the 
last  ten  years  of  11,501.  High  school 
enrolment  during  the  past  three  years  has 
increased  34  per  cent.  Of  our  total  school 
enrolment  11.78  per  cent  is  in  the  high 
school  grades.  Ten  years  ago  the  per- 
centage was  6.53. 

The  curriculum  has  been  revised,  in 
aceordaDce  with  the  best  modern  thought. 


Minister  of  Education  Explains 

Provisions  of  the  School  Bill 

Detailed  Explanation  of  New  Measure  Given  by  Hon.  Perren  Baker 


\pril  iBt,  1930 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


[•^77)  21 


The  unit  syefem  has  been  adopted  in 
the  hi^h  school  grades,  and  the  list  of 
authorized  text  books  has  been  revised. 

An  effort  is  being  made  through  corre- 
spondence courses  to  reach  the  children 
who  have  no  school  to  attend.  1500 
such  pupils  have  received  instruction 
since  this  work  began,  and  there  are 
approximately  400  now  enrolled.  Of  the 
13  who  wrote  the  Departmental  Exami- 
nations last  year  all  were  successful. 
Several  of  these  had  never  attended  any 
regular  school. 

Although  we  have  these  gratifying  evi- 
dences of  progress,  there  has  grown  upon 
me  a  conviction,  which  I  may  say  is 
shared  by  officials  of  the  Department, 
that  the  rural  school  at  least  has  about 
reached  the  dtgree  of  excellence  which 
it  can  reasonably  be  expected  to  attain 
under  the  existing  system  of  school  ad- 
ministration. This  system  does  not  en- 
sure the  full-time  operation  of  all  the 
schools.  It  affords  no  effective  means  of 
providing  secondary  education  in  the 
rural  areas.  It  does  not  spread  the 
burden  equitably.  It  provides  no  way 
of  making  an  intelligent  selection  of 
teachers.  It  makes  no  provision  for 
adequate  supervision.  It  cannot  bring 
about  continuity  of  teacher  service.  It 
affords  no  satisfactory  means  of  elimi- 
nating the  unfit.  It  does  not  hold  for 
the  rural  schools  their  proper  share  of 
the  more  effective  and  experienced  teach- 
ers, because  under  it  no  salary  schedule 
is  possible,  and  for  this,  and  several 
other  reasons,  under  it  rural  teaching 
can  never  be  made  much  more  than  it 
is — a  practice  ground  for  novices,  a 
handy  means  of  livelihood  for  the  period 
between  school  days  and  matrimony,  or  a 
stepping  -  stone  to  other  occupations. 
These  ends  are  justifiable  enough,  but  the 
rural  child  deserves  something  better,  and 
it  can  be  given  to  him. 

Solution  Needs  Larger  Unit 

For  the  solution  of  this  problem  we 
must  turn  to  the  larger  unit  of  admini- 
stration, since  nearly  all  of  these  weak- 
nesses are  wrapped  up  in  the  very  nature 
of  our  inherited  system  of  rural  school 
administration.  This  conclusion  has  been 
arrived  at  by  practically  every  student  of 
school  administration  on  this  Continent,, 
on  making  a  study  of  conditions  similar 
to  ours.  It  is  corroborated  by  the  ex- 
perience of  New  Zealand,  Australia  and 
England  and  Scotland,  and  many  of  the 
States  of  the  American  Union,  where  the 
disjointed  system  of  extreme  local  con- 
trol, to  which  we  still  cling  in  Canada, 
is  no  longer  tolerated,  but  has  had  to 
give  way  to  the  more  effective  sy.stem  of 
larger  units.  The  officials  of  the  Depart- 
ments of  Education  of  every  Province  of 
the  Dominion,  with  the  possible  exception 
of  Quebec,  where  quite  other  conditions 
prevail,  know  that  the  existing  system 
ought  to  be  replaced  by  the  more  effective 
larger  unit.  The  movements  now  under 
way  in  the  Provinces  of  Nova  Scotia, 
Ontario,  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  and 
Alberta,  looking  toward  the  inauguration 
of  the  larger  unit,  are  but  a  carrying  over 
into  the  field  of  education  of  the  modern 
methods  and  systematization  which  have 
revolutionized  industry,  transportation 
and  commerce. 

The  establishing  of  larger  units  will 
bring  about  the  full-time  operation  of  all 
the  schools,  the  solving  of  the  problem  of 
secondary  education  in  the  rural  areas, 
in  so  far  as  ii  is  capable  of  solution,  ana 
the  more  equitable  distribution  of  the 
cost.  It  will  bring  about  a  more  intelli- 
ent  selection  and  placing  of  teachers, 
t  will  prevent  much  of  the  shifting  about 
of  teachers.  It  will  provide  thorough 
supervision-,    T*  will  mak(^  possible  the 


elimination  of  the  ineffective,  and,  by 
offering  some  prospect  of  advancement, 
through  the  establishment  of  suitable 
salary  schedules,  and  by  enabling  teach- 
ers to  serve  under  a  more  disinterested 
and  responsible  control,  it  will  enable  the 
rural  schools  to  hold  a  larger  share  of 
the  better  teachers. 

Must  Have  Public  Support 

The  bill  that  was  presented  last  year 
provided  for  the  complete  reorganization 
of  rural  school  administration,  and  the 
embracing  of  all  rural  school  districts  in 
divisions.  As  stated  on  previous  occa- 
sions, it  was  introduced  for  the  purpose  of 
foqussing  public  attention  upon  the 
problem,  and  in  the  full  knowledge  that 
its  proposals  might  be  more  far-reaching 
than  public  opinion  would  sanction  at 
the  present  time.  It  is  fully  realized  that 
no  Government  can  proceed  with  social 
legislation  in  advance  of  public  opinion. 
No  greater  disaster  could  happen  to  edu- 
cational reform  than  the  premature  enact- 
ment of  legislation  which  has  not  behind 
it  sufficient  public  support  to  make  it 
workable.  The  measure  now  before  the 
Assembly,  while  it  may  be  disappointing 
to  the  more  ardent  advocates  of  the 
larger  unit  of  administration,  proceeds 
on  sound  ground,  in  that  it  provides  that 
divisions  will  be  organized  only  in  areas 
where  there  is  sufficient  public  support 
to  ensure  the  scheme  being  given  a  fair 
trial.  We  believe  that  a  number  of 
divisions  will  be  organized  in  the  near 
future  by  the  vote  of  the  people,  and 
ihat  they  will  fully  vindicate  the  faith 
we  have  in  the  larger  unit  of  administra- 
tion as  a  means  of  greatly  improving  rural 
education  in  this  Province. 

Motion  on  Teachers* 
Superannuation  Lost 

Committee  to  Make  Survey  of  Subject 
and  Report — Scheme  Not  Favored 

EDMONTON,-  March  17.— Hector 
Lang,  Medicine  Hat,  whose  suggestions 
by  way  of  resolution  have  from  time  to 
time  been  accepted  by  the  Assembly, 
found  his  usual  luck  had  forsaken  him 
when  he  moved  for  the  appointment  of 
a  committee  of  the  Legislature  to  survey 
and  report  at  the  next  session  a  scheme  for 
teachers'  superannuation.  The  battle  was 
fought  by  proponents  of  the  resolution 
mainly  on  the  principle  of  pensions,  but 
while  conceding  the  principle  involved, 
the  Government  swung  into  action  on 
the  ground  that  schemes  were  still  in 
the  experimental  stage  in  other  Provinces 
and  the  result  had  been  that  theories 
which  seemed  very  desirable  when  first 
enunciated  had  to  date  failed  very  ma- 
terially in  practice.  The  entire  weight 
of  the  Government  benches  plus  the 
staid  Conservative  group  was  counted 
again.st  the  resolution,  while  Liberals  and 
Labor  present  to  the  number  of  i.leven 
stood  up  for  the  resolution  on  division. 
The  resolution  reads  as  follows: 

Resolved,  that  the  matter  of  the 
superannuation  of  the  teachers  of  the 
Province  be  immediately  referred  to  a 
committee  of  the  Assembly  with  a  view 
of  surveying  the  whole  field  and  draft- 
ing a  scheme  for  consideration  during 
the  1931  session  of  the  Legislature. 
Mr.  Lang  drew  attention  to  the  terms 
of  a  resolution  introduced  by  him  a  year 
ago   to  the  effect  that  the  Minister  of 
Education  should  forthwith  make  inquiry 
into  cases 'of  those  teachers  who  having 
rendered  long  service  in  the  profession. 


were  unable  to  continue  in  the  profession 
on  account  of  illness  or  ill  health  and 
authorise  provisions  with  regard  to  such 
teachers  as  in  his  opinion  would  be  fair 
and  reasonable.  This  resolution  had  re- 
ceived the  unanimous  support  of  the 
Assembly. 

The  mover  emphasized  the  fact  that  the 
teachers  of  the  Province  had  given  this 
resolution  unanimous  endorsement  as  a 
step  in  the  direction  of  a  pension  scheme 
in  the  Province,  and  he  made  much  of 
the  fact  that  the  civil  servants  had  a 
superannuation  scheme  in  effect  in  which 
normal  school  teachers  and  school  in- 
spectors were  included,  so  that  the  teach- 
ers themselves  were  next  in  line  for  con- 
sideration. School  boards,  parent  teachers' 
associations  and  other  such  bodies  were 
favorable  to  the  scheme,  which  he  affirmed 
would  be  on  a  contributory  basis. 

Objections  to  any  scheme  previousljr 
had  been  centered  on  the  financial  posi- 
tion of  the  Province.  He  thought  this 
had  been  overcome  on  account  of  the 
successful  solution  of  the  railway  prob- 
lem and  the  return  of  the  natural  re- 
sources; that  the  time  had  arrived  for  the 
making  of  an  exhaustive  survey  of  the 
whole  field  by  a  committee  of  the  As- 
sembly and  the  subsequent  bringing  in 
of  a  scheme  for  consideration  of  the 
members  next  year.  He  stressed  the 
contention  that  a  pension  scheme  would 
give  more  permanence  to  the  teaching 
profession;  the  average  teaching  period 
in  Alberta  was  three  and  a  half  years  as 
compared  to  five  and  a  half  in  Ontario; 
largely  due,  he  thought,  to  the  existence 
of  a  pension  scheme  in  Ontario. 

Proposals  of  the  teachers  in  Alberta 
were  that  the  scheme  should  be  contri- 
butory; the  plans  were  to  pay  a  pension 
to  teachers  for  total  disability  or  super- 
annuation amounts  varying  from  $480  to 
$1500;  this  being  based  on  salaries  re- 
ceived, and  the  number  of  years  of  teach- 
ing service;  teachers  to  contribute  three 
per  cent  of  their  salarie.i  and  the  Govern- 
ment to  contribute  a  supplementary 
amount  suflicient  to  guarantee  the  actu- 
arial soundness  of  the  scheme.  He  esti- 
mated the  Government's  share  at  be- 
tween $130,000  and  $140,000,  or  about 
two-thirds  of  the  amount  to  be  paid  by 
the  teachers. 

BAKER  PRESENTS  VIEW 
OF  GOVERNMENT 

The  Minister  of  Education  did  not 
think  the  argument  that  there  was  any 
analogy  between  the  civil  service  and  the 
teachers  was  sound,  as  the  former  were 
directly  in  the  pay  of  the  Province.  He 
reviewed  efforts  at  superannuation  in 
other  Provinces,  and  pointed  out  that  no 
scheme  which  was  actuarially  sound  had 
yet  been  evolved.  Not  one  of  the 
schemes  which  were  in  operation  would, 
he  felt,  satisfy  the  Alberta  teacher. 

Going  further,  he  did  not  think  a 
resolution  which  committed  the  Assembly 
to  expenditures  estimated  at  a  minimum 
of  $130,000  per  annum,  should  be  passed 
lightly,  without  considering  two  points 
at  least — the  actuarial  sums  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  day  would  be  responsible 
for,  and  whether  the  Assembly  could  add 
this  amount  yearly  to  the  budget  of  the 
Province.  There  were  elements  in  this 
very  Assembly  which  would  commit  the 
Government  to  increased  expenditures 
for  services  and  at  the  same  time  damn 
them  for  increasing  the  public  debt. 
(Applause  from  Liberal  benches.) 

Joseph  T.  Shaw,  Liberal  leader,  did  not 
think  the  terms  of  the  resolution  com- 
mitted anyone  to  anything.  He  then 
dealt  in  a  lengthy  way  with  the  principle 
of  the  payment  of  pensions,  enumerating 

(Oantinund  on  oaKf*  3rt) 


! 


22  (278) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  Ist,  1930 


News  from  Alberta  Wheat  Pool  Head  Office 

Information  for  Member*  and  Loeals  Issoed  by  the  Pablieity  Department  of  the  Alberta  Wheat  Pool 


The  Wheat  Pool  and  the  Option 

Market 


When  the  Wheat  Pool  guarantee  bill 
was  being  discussed  in  the  Alberta  Legis- 
lature, it  WAS  mentioned  that  the  Pool 
had  purchased  future  options  on  the 
Winnipeg  Grain  Exchange  at  certain 
times.  This  has  led  to  the  circulation  of 
a  report  that  the  Wheat  Pool  has  been 
engaged  in  gambling  on  the  Winnipeg 
Grain  Exchange,  and  several  newspapers 
have  suggested  that  the  organization  has 
been  unwise  in  this  respect.  Pool  mem- 
bers can  be  assured  that  the  Pool  has 
never  made  a  business  of  gambling  on 
any  exchange.  In  fact,  it  has  deliberately 
avoided  the  practice  as  much  as  po8.^ible. 

On  rare  occasions  during  its  existence 
the  Pool  has  purchased  futures  when 
traders  had  forced  price  levels  down 
artificially.  At  certain  times  the  Pool  has 
sold  wheat  to  millers  who  had  previously 
protected  themselves  by  buying  options. 
The  Pool  accepted  the  options  in  pay- 
ment, because  if  it  had  not  done  so 
the  millers  would  have  immediately  sold 
them,  having  obtained  their  supplies  of 
required  wheat.  With  the  options  in  the 
Pool's  hands  they  could  be  sold  in  reason- 
able amounts  from  time  to  time  without 
creating  a  market  disturbance.  The 
operations  of  the  Wheat  Pool  in  the 
purchase  of  futures  can  not  even  in  the 
widest  sense  be  construed  as  gambling. 
They  were  the  undertaking  of  ordinary 
business  precautions  with  the  legitimate 
end  of  view  of  protecting  the  market 
price  for  the  wheat  producers  of  Western 
Canada.  Even  at  that  the  entire  pur- 
chases during  the  Pool's  existence  would 
only  be  a  fraction  of  the  business  trans- 
acted on  the  Winnipeg  exchange  in  one 
busy  day  in  the  fall  months. 

In  the  field  of  commodity  marketing 
there  is  a  legitimate  and  useful  place  for 
exchanges.  They  bring  producer  and 
consumer  together,  enable  millers  and 
similar  processors  of  raw  material  to 
protect  themselves  from  market  fluctua- 
tions. They  perform  other  useful  ser- 
vices which  would  be  difficult  to  fulfil 
without  them.  Thus  far  the  producer 
and  consumer  has  no  grievance  against 
the  commodity  exchanges.  The  one 
outstanding  grievance,  which  the  passing 
years  have  failed  to  minimize,  is  the 
manipulation  of  prices  by  men  who 
are  only  concerned  for  selfish  reasons. 
Possessed  of  great  wealth  and  power 
these  men  have  entrenched  themselves  in 
positions  from  which  they  can  wield 
enormous  power,  only  too  often  to  the 
disadvantage  of  the  people  whom  the 
exchanges  are  supposed  to  serve.  From  a 
legitimate  purpose  the  trend  has  always 
been  to  divert  these  exchanges  into  huge 
lotteries  which  cost  the  individuals  and 
the  nation  huge  sums  of  money  annually, 
and  money  they  can  ill  afford  to  lose. 

The  operations  of  the  Winnipeg  Grain 
Exchange  are  kept  pretty  mucli  of  a  se- 
cret, but  an  idea  of  manipulations  can  be 
gained  by  investigations  conducted  in 
conneetion  with  the  Chicago  Grain  Ex- 
change. Senator  Lynn  J.  Frazier,  of 
Nortn  Dakota,  estimated  that  the  man- 


ipulations of  that  market  on  the  single 
season's  crop  (1925)  cost  the  producers 
at  least  500  million  dollars,  and  he  esti- 
mates the  aggregate  commission  from 
all  commodity  exchanges  at  100  million 
dollars  a  year.  It  may  safely  be  as- 
sumed that  the  Canadian  people  pay  a 
proportionate  toll  to  the  gambling  in  food 
stuffs.  Seldom  is  more  than  50  million 
bushels  of  cash  grain  handled  in  the 
Chicago  Board  of  Trade  during  the  course 
of  a  year,  yet  sales  of  150  million  of  futures 
are  not  uncommon  in  a  single  day.  In 
1928,  for  every  bushel  of  actual  wheat 
sold  on  the  Chicago  Exchange  about  400 
bushels  of  paper  wheat  are  traded  in. 

Senator  Frazier  relates  how  eight 
traders,  possessing  enormous  financial 
backing,  each  customarily  traded  in  two 
million  bushels,  and  rigged  the  market 
for  their  own  benefit  over  a  period  of  four 
months.  The  price  changes  over  that 
period  corresponded  with  the  purchases 
and  sales  of  this  group  of  super  specula- 
tors. One  trader  changed  his  position 
from  the  long  to  the  Short  side  of  the 
market  or  vice  versa,  eleven  times  in  a 
few  weeks,  and  always  buying  or  selling 
enormous  quantities.  Most  of  these 
speculators  do  not  care  a  straw  for  the 
welfare  of  the  producer,,  the  farmer,  his 
wife  and  family,  their  only  idea  being  to 
gain  wealth  for  themselves.  It  is  against 
this  type  oi  speculation  that  the  ordinary 
farmer  is  so  highly  indignant. 

As  far  as  the  Wheat  Pool  is  concerned, 
its  entire  concern  is  the  welfare  of  the 
farming  population.  Its  operations  on  'he 
grain  exchanges  have  only  been  in  the  in- 
terests of  the  producers. 

 o  

Is  the  Pool  Defensible? 

In  spite  of  the  fact  that  there  is  a  glut 
in  other  products  than  wheat  with  a 
consequent  depreciation  in  price,  many 
eastern  newspapers,  and  notably  papers 
which  cater  to  the  financial  interests  of 
Canada,  are  sparing  no  pains  to  blame 
the  demoralized  world  commercial  situa- 
tion on  the  Canadian  Wheat  Pool. 

There  is  an  over-production  and  low- 
ered prices  in  silk,  wool,  sugar,  coffee, 
dairy  products,  silver,  copper,  zinc,  iron 
and  many  other  commodities,  as  well  as 
wheat.  This  fact  is  deliberately  over- 
looked by  these  anti-Pool  newspapers, 
who  are  concentrating  a  prejudiced  cam- 
paign to  desfroy  the  Wheat  Pools  of 
Western  Canada. 

There  are  notable  exceptions  on  the 
part  of  some  prominent  eastern  papers  to 
this  program  of  anti-Pool  propaganda. 
Toronto  Mail  and  Empire  has  steadily 
adhered  to  an  attitude  of  fairness  to  the 
Pool.  A  recent  editorial  from  its  columns 
is  herewith  quoted  in  full: 

"Will  the  Western  Wheat  Pool  finally 
win  out  in  its  fight  for  higher  prices?  To 
the  augurs  of  the  market-place  the  omens 
do  not  look  favorable.  A  different  ques- 
tion, one  that  is  open  to  others  than 
sooth-savers,  is:  'Is  the  Wheat  Pool  a 
defensible  organization?'    Are  those  right 


An  address  by  A.  J.  McPhail, 
President  of  the  Canadian 
Wheat  Pool,  on  his  recent  Euro- 
pean tour,  is  published  in  full 
in  this  issue,  couunencing  on 
page  25. 


who  criticize  it  as  a  combination  against 
the  law  of  supply  and  demand?  Has  the 
Wheat  Pool  a  public  value?  In  its  own 
ranks  it  has  very  able  exponents  whose 
arguments  command  the  respect  of  un- 
prejudiced people.  The  Pool  is  entitled 
to  fair  play  on  the  part  both  of  its  market 
adversaries  and  of  the  Canadian  public. 
It  ought  not  to  be  judged  by  the  results 
of  a  single  year,  whether  favorable  or 
adverse.  It  may  be  beaten  in  its  present 
campaign  and  yet  deserve  the  confidence 
of  its  members,  of  the  farming  community 
as  a  whole,  and  of  the  public  of  Canada. 

"The  large  company  that  assembled  at 
the  Empire  Club  luncheon  yesterday 
(March  7)  to  hear  Prof.  Fay,  of  the 
Economic  Department  of  the  University 
of  Toronto,  would  go  away  satisfied  that 
they  had  spent  the  hour  profitably.  They 
learned  the  conditions  out  of  which  the 
Pool  sprang.  They  were  shown  what  a 
rock  of  refuge  the  Pool  is  to  the  individual 
farmers,  who  in  the  past  were  left  to  solve 
their  own  market  problems,  very  com- 
monly to  their  great  disadvantage.  How- 
ever it  fares  in  its  present  contest  with 
traders  in  wheat-importing  countries,  the 
Pool  is  likely  to  be  voted  a  power  for  good 
in  the  West.  The  marketing  of  commo- 
dities is  today  the  practical  question  of 
uppermost  interest  in  commercial  econo- 
my. Co-operation  is  the  principle  trusted 
to  bring  about  a  great  change  for  the 
better  in  the  lot  of  agricultural  producers. 
Why  should  nearly  all  other  industries 
and  trades  have  the  benefit  of  systems  of 
a  more  or  le-ss  unifying  character,  and  the 
farmers  be  denounced  as  economic  here- 
tics because  they  attempt  to  devise  ma- 
chinery for  common  guidance  and  com- 
mon benefit?  We  doubt  if  the  farmers 
joined  togeth  er  in  this  Wheat  Pool  ever 
carried  on  so  sanely  in  the  interest  of 
their  occupation  as  they  are  doing  now. 
Rancor  against  the  East  or  against  any- 
body has  not  been  expressed  by  the  Pool. 
The  organization  is  not  assailing  other 
people,  but  is  simply  endeavoring  to 
bring  about  reforms  in  marketing,  re- 
forms that  must  be  the  hone  of  the  West- 
ern farmers,  who,  as  Prof.  Fay  showed, 
cannot  be  said  to  have  a  living  margin 
in  the  present  returns  from  their  labor  and 
invested  capital. 

"The  Wheat  Pool  has  the  backing  of 
banks  which  a  few  years  ago  Western 
farmers  looked  upon  as  their  adversaries. 
It  has  the  backing  of  the  prairie  Govern- 
ments, and  it  has  sympathy  from  the 
East  such  as  a  few  years  ago  it  would  not 
have  thought  this  part  of  Canada  capable 
of  yielding.  The  Pool  has  to  keep  grop- 
ing its  way.  There  is  reason  to  believe 
that  if  it  had  not  existed  the  plight  of  the 
Western  farmers  at  the  present  time 
would  have  been  much  worse  than  it  is. 
And  the  Pool  has  contributed  to  the 
growth  of  a  really  national  feeling,  where- 
as a  few  years  ago  Western  agricultural 
opinion  was  by  its  sectional  bent  a  cause 
of  uneasiness  to  the  Dominion.'" 


April  Ist.  1930 


The  Wheat  Pool  Is  a  Friend  Not  an 
Enemy  of  the  British  Consumer 


I.  V.  MACKLIN,  Grande  Prairie 


The  amount  of  wheat  grown  in  Canada 
is  influenced  mainly  by  the  price  received. 
Before  the  Pool  started  action  there  was  a 
great  deal  of  land  in  this  district  abso- 
lutely idle  because  of  the  low  price  of 
wheat.  Now  the  price  was  not  low  to 
the  consumer,  but  it  was  low  to  the 
producer.  The  speculator  middlemen 
were  taking  their  toll.  Now  suppose  the 
middlemen  took  a  toll  of  ten  cents  per 
bushel!  That  ten  cents  might  make  all 
the  difference  between  profit  and  loss  to 
the  grower,  all  the  difference  between 
success  and  failure,  between  quitting  the 
farm  or  continuing  and  breaking  up  more 
land.  Whatever  the  producers  of  West- 
ern Canada  have  done  to  get  closer  to  the 
consumers  in  Great  Britain,  if  it  has  not 
already  benefitted  the  consumers  it  will 
ultimately  benefit  them. 

I  believe  it  has  already  benefitted  them. 
I  paid  62  cents  per  hundred  freight  rate 
on  wheat  in  1921  from  here  to  Fort  Wil- 
liam. I  now  pay  28  cents  per  hundred 
to  tidewater  at  Vancouver.  Whatever 
the  farmers  have  done  to  get  lower  freight 
rates  and  to  eliminate  the  profits  of  the 
middleman,  goes  to  give  the  grower  more 
returns  and  he  immediately  breaks  up 
more  land  and  produces  more  wheat. 
There  have  been  millions  of  acres  of  brush 
and  semi-brush  land  along  the  north  of 
Alberta,  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
brought  into  the  production  of  wheat 
since  the  Pool  started  which  would  have 
been  in  brush  yet  if  the  pre-Pool  and 
after-the-war  prices  had  prevailed.  There 
is  much  land  previously  cultivated  which 
grew  wheat  since  1923  which  would  not 
have  grown  wheat  had  the  pre-Pool 
prices  prevailed  since  1923.  Western 
Canada  has  grown  millions  of  bushels 
more  wheat  because  of  the  Pool  and  we 
understand  that  that  wheat  will  be 
needed  for  consumption  before  another 
crop  grows.  If  that  is  true,  then,  had 
the  price  to  the  grower  been  as  low  to 
the  producer  since  the  Pool  started  as  it 
was  before  the  Pool  started  there  would 
have  been  less  wheat  grown  and  a  greater 
scarcity  of  wheat  in  sight  than  there  now 
is.  Surely  a  little  surplus  food  in  the 
world's  cupboard  is  not  a  calamity. 

"Mother  Hubbard's  Cupboard" 

If  "  Mother  Hubbard's  cupboard"  were 
bare,  surely  that  is  nothing  to  rejoice 
over.  Let  the  consuming  public  thank 
the  Lord  that  Mother  Hubbard  Wheat 
Pool  has  got  a  cupboard  (some  countries 
have  not)  and  that  the  cupboard  is  not 
bare.  Who  knows  what  the  1930  and 
'31  crops  will  be? 

The  Wheat  Pool  cannot  stop  the  work- 
ing of  the  law  of  supply  and  demand. 
They  can,  however,  iron  out  the  fickleness 
of  it,  and  this  is  not  detrimental  to  the 
consumers.  Millions  of  producers  of 
wheat  in  many  countries  cannot  combine 
to  keep  the  price  above  that  set  by  the 
law  of  supply  and  demand.  As  long  as 
there  is  wages  and  a  little  profit  in  it  there 
will  be  an  increasing  production  until  the 
supply  overtakes  the  demand  and  the 
supply  is  lessened  by  the  price  falling  to 
the  cost  of  production  basis.  When  that 
time  comes  the  price  to  the  consumer  will 
be  as  much  less,  under  the  Wheat  Pool 
plan,  than  it  would  have  been  had  the 
old  system  prevailed,  as  the  cost  of  get- 
ting the  vtheat  from  the  producer  to  the 


consumer  under  the  Wheat  Pool  plan  is 
less  than  the  cost  of  doing  the  same  thing 
under  the  old  speculative  method.  There- 
fore the  Wheat  Pool  is  working  for  the 
good  of  the  consumer.  The  Wheat  Pool 
does  not  create  or  upset  the  law  of  supply 
and  demand — it  only  estimates  as  nearly 
as  possible  what  it  is  and  the  Pool  have 
estimated  that  demand  as  a  little  stronger 
than  the  speculative  market  does.  A 
price  to  the  producer  like  the  speculative 
market  is  paying  now,  would  only  mean 
less  acreage  sown  to  wheat  in  the  coming 
year  and  that  is  not  a  good  thing  for  the 
consumer. 

The  world  needs  wheat.  The  price 
has  got  to  be  fair  or  it  won't  be  produced. 
That  would  be  a  calamity.  If  the  price 
is  too  good,  it  can  only  remain  that  way 
long  enough  for  those  producing  it  to 
get  swung  into  action.  I  see  no  way  of 
stopping  production  except  low  prices. 
If  the  Pool  has  meant  higher  prices  to 
the  producer  by  the  elimination  of  the 
middlemen's  profits,  then  it  has  benefitted 
and  will  benefit  the  consumer.  The  anti- 
Canadian  wheat  attitude  behind  those 
placards  in  British  restaurants  is  a  mis- 
take. We  are  not  against  British  manu- 
factured goods.  Eastern  Canada  may 
be,  but  we  are  not.  We  are  not  an 
enemy  to  the  British  consumer! 

Wheat  Duties 


German  duties  against  foreign  wheat 
were  revised  on  February  11th,  1930. 
The  present  duty  on  foreign  wheat  into 
Germany  amounts  to  61  3-5  cents  per 
bushel.  France  has  a  duty  of  53  cents  a 
bushel  against  foreign  wheat,  while  Italy 
is  maintaining  its  duty  of  731  cents  per 
bushel.  In  addition  France  offers  an 
export  premium  to  the  extent  of  80  cents 
per  100  lbs.  on  all  grain  exported  from 
France.  Both  France  and  Germany  are 
maintaining  their  milling  regulations, 
France  allowing  only  3  per  cent  of  foreign 
wheat  in  all  wheat  manufactured  products 
milled  in  France  with  the  exception  of 
special  diet  bread  which  may  contain 
80  per  cent  foreign  wheat.  Germany  re- 
quires the  use  of  50  per  cent  domestic 
wheat  in  all  flour  milled  in  Germany. 


Centralized  Wheat  Buying 

The  subject  of  centralized  wheat  buy- 
ing in  Britain  was  discussed  in  an  article 
by  John  A.  Stevenson,  Canadian  corre- 
spondent of  the  London  Times  in  a 
recent  issue  of  the  Toronto  Saturday 
Night.  The  writer  intimates  that  there 
is  a  strong  movement  on  foot  for  the 
establishment  of  a  wheat  import  board 
which  would  be  entrusted  with  the  duty 
of  purchasing  all  grain  imported  into  Bri- 
tain. If  this  should  develop,  he  contends 
the  natural  result  would  be  centralized 
selling  in  Canada.  "If  the  Grain  Trade 
merchant  is  to  disappear  in  Britain,  his 
compeer  in  Canada  must  prepare  for  the 
spme  fate,"  the  writer  states.  "If  the 
British  wheat  board  controlled  by  a 
Labor  Mini.«try  was  entrusted  with  the 
task  of  buying  Canadian  wheat  it  would 
certainly  first  turn  to  the  Pools  for  its 


supplies  and  the  private  grain  trader 
would  be  left  at  a  great  disadvantage. 
Another  vital  factor  would  be  that  the 
Pools  would  be,  better  than  anybody  else, 
able  to  fill  large  bulk  orders  without 
much  trouble.  So  developments  in  Bri- 
tain may  bring  a  compulsory  pool  nearer 
than  most  people  imagine,  but  its  emer- 
gence would  have  to  be  accomplished  by  a 
certain  amount  of  government  control. 

"This  is  another  aspect  to  the  expected 
developments  which  is  worthy  of  at- 
tention. If  the  British  import  board 
was  buying  wheat  direct  from  an  all- 
Canadian  compulsory  wheat  pool  and  all 
middlemen's  profits  had  been  eliminated, 
the  way  might  be  opened  up  for  a  really 
valuable  preference  on  Canadian  food 
stuffs  in  the  British  market,  and  it  is  the 
only  preference  which  can  do  us  any 
good. 

"It  would  be  a  comparatively  simple 
matter  for  the  British  wheat  board 
to  get  authoiity  to  pay  preferential  prices 
for  grain  produced  in  the  Dominions. 
"The  bogy  of  food  taxes  could  not  then  be 
raised,  and  there  would  be  not  the  slight- 
est necessity  for  the  British  consumer 
having  the  price  of  his  bread  increased." 

New  Norway  Resolutions 

There  were  over  fifty  present  at  a 
meeting  of  New  Norway  Wheat  Pool 
members  on  March  6th.  The  speakers 
were  J.  A.  Cameron,  field  service  man, 
W.  W.  Harber,  delegate,  and  J.  Lundberg, 
who  acted  as  chairman.  Mr.  Harber  was 
first  called  upon  and  gave  a  good  explana- 
tion of  the  progress  made  by  the  Alberta 
Wheat  Pool  with  what  was  done  at  the 
delegates'  meeting.  Mr.  Cameron  out- 
lined the  work  of  the  Wheat  Pool  and  the 
reasons  for  the  adoption  of  the  various 
policies  of  the  organization.  Frank  Olson, 
secretary,  made  a  few  remarks  in  con- 
nection with  the  present  problems  of  the 
Pool  and  the  responsibility  confronting 
Pool  officials  and  public  servants  during 
times  like  the  present.  He  illustrated  his 
remarks  by  comparing  the  present  time 
with  slippery  and  bad  roads,  and  men- 
tioned how  horses  often  are  misused  by 
their  drivers  under  those  conditions. 
Sometimes  the  driver,  while  knowing  that 
the  horses  are  doing  all  they  can,  still 
applies  the  whip.  There  are  times  when 
this  can  be  compared  to  our  treatment 
of  officials.  In  all  walks  of  life  there  are 
difficult  problems  to  solve  under  difficult 
conditions.  We  have  our  servants  in 
different  capacities  to  help  solve  public 
problems.  What  are  we  doing,  especially 
in  cases  where  the  heavy  load  of  public 
responsibility  results  in  slowing  up  of 
speed  during  unfavorable  conditions?  Are 
we  using  the  whip  to  our  servants  or 
have  we  some  other  way  of  encouraging 
them?  The  speaker  then  introduced  the 
following  resolution: 

"  Whereas  we  farmers,  members  of  the 
Alberta  Wheat  Pool,  can  see  the  great 
difficulty  the  Wheat  Pool  officials  have 
had  in  connection  with  the  marketing  of 
the  surplus  wheat  of  Western  Canada; 
and  whereas  we  know  the  Pool  still  has 
on  hand  a  carryover  from  last  j'ear  which 
will  be  put  on  the  world's  markets  in 
accordance  with  the  policy  adopted  by 
the  Pool,  namely,  not  to  dump  our  wheat 
at  once  or  at  any  price  but  to  sell  accord- 
ing to  the  world's  demand  and  at  a  fair 
price  both  to  the  consumer  and  also  to 
the  producer;  and  whereas  we  know  the 
well-being  of  a  nation  is  like  a  tree,  agri- 
culture being  its  root  and  manufacturing 
and  commerce  its  branches;  therefore  be 
it  resolved  that  the  farmers  and  Pool 


24  iZtiO) 


membere  assembled  at  this  meeting  go 
OD  record  as  approvinfj  the  action  of  our 
Wheat  Pool  officials  id  their  endeavor  to 
get  8  fair  price  for  our  wheat  and  that  we 
in  the  future  give  the  Pool  our  support 
in  that  policy;  and  be  it  further  resolved 
that  we  heartily  approve  of  the  action 
of  the  Provincial  Governments  in  lending 
a  helping  hand  to  the  agricultural  class  of 
Western  Canada  by  guaranteeing  the 
Wheat  Pool's  margin  with  the  banks;  and 
we  believe  that  no  fair  minded  man  or 
woman  should  criticise  these  Governments 
for  their  action,  as  in  the  past  guarantees 
have  been  given  privately  owned  railways 
to  the  extent  of  over  200  million  dollars, 
besides  big  grants  of  land  throughout  the 
country. 

Mr.  Olson,  in  moving  the  resolution, 
stated  he  would  like  to  see  all  present 
voting.  Ludwig  Olstad  seconded  the 
motion  and  the  resolution  was  carried 
unanimously. 

 o  :  

Meeting  at  Egremont 


Egremont  Wheat  Pool  Local  reports 
32  members  present  at  their  annual  meet- 
ing held  March  11th.  A.  Rafn,  delegate, 
A.  Babiuk,  field  service  man,  and  H.  M. 
Forbes,  travelling  superintendent  for  the 
Wheat  Pool,  were  present.  Delegate 
Rafn's  report  of  the  annual  convention 
was  well  received.  As  there  were  a  num- 
ber of  Ruthenians  present,  Mr.  Babiuk 
gave  a  lengthy  address  in  the  Ruthenian 
language  which  was  much  appreciated 
by  them.  H.  M.  Forbes  explained  the 
elevator  agents'  meeting  held  at  Calgary, 
and  other  matters  relating  to  Pool  ele- 
vators, answering  many  questions  which 
were  asked  to  the  satisfaction  of  his 
questioners.  The  following  resolutions 
were  passed  by  the  meeting:  "Whereas 
we  believe  that  true  co-operation  raises 
the  morale  of  its  membership  and  enlists 
them  in  one  common  purpose  for  service 
and  benefit,  and  that  this  is  a  spirit 
and  not  a  force,  therefore  contrary  to  the 
idea  of  compulsion  by  legislation,  we 
also  believe  that'  these  principles  are 
maintained  to  the  full  by  the  Canadian 
Wheat  Pool;  and  whereas  we  are  con- 
vinced that  governments  are  more  or  less 
influenced  by  financiers  who  use  their 

gowers  to  serve  their  own  ends,  therefore 
e  it  resolved .  that  we  go  on  record  as 
protesting  against  any  action  of  the  gov- 
ernment to  control  the  Grain  Trade,  until 
speculation  and  gambling  in  grain'  be 
eliminated  and  banking  and  finance  come 
under  control  for  service  and  not  for 
profit." 

The  foregoing  resolution  was  moved  by 
H.  King  and  seconded  by  G.  G.  O'Brien. 

"Resolved  that  this  meeting  go  on 
record  as  expressing  their  complete  con- 
fidence in  the  management  of  the  Wheat 
Pool  by  the  executive  and  desiring  to 
extend  to  them  our  fullest  sympathy  in 
the  trying  period  through  which  the 
organization  is  passing."  This  resolu- 
tion was  sponsored  by  H.  King  and  A. 
Main. 

The  following  officers  were  elected: 
E.  W.  Goodridge,  chairman;  P.  Chaba, 
vice-chairman;  A,  S.  Petrie,  secretary. 
It  was  decided  that  at  least  two  Ruth- 
enian members  should  be  elected  as  com- 
mitteemen and  Wm.  Bachiniski  and  Wm. 
Pzlypirik  were  appointed.  The  balance 
of  the  committeemen  were  appointed  as 
follows:  R.  W.  Gooding,  M.  Vandan 
and  T.  Oit.tins  • 


THE     U.  F.  A 
An  Example  to  Follow 

H.  J.  Flock,  of  Raley,  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Alberta  Wheat  Pool  ever  since 
its  inception  and  has  always  been  one 
of  its  strongest  supporters.  Recently  he 
sold  his  section  and  a  half  farm  in  the 
Raley  district  to  a  group  of  Hutterites. 
Mr.  Flock  insisted  that  as  part  of  the 
purchase  the  Hutterites  should  sign  a 
Wheat  Pool  contract,  which  the  purchas- 
ers a|:reed  to.  "I  worked  many  years 
to  assist  in  establishing  the  Alberta  Wheat 
Pool  on  a  firm  foundation,"  Mr.  Flock 
stated,  "and  did  not  wish  to  see  my  land 
pass  into  a  non-Pool  classification  even 
if  I  sold  it."  This  splendid  spirit  illus- 
trates clearly  that  the  pioneers  of  the 
Wheat  Pool  movement  are  staunch  be- 
lievers in  producers'  co-operatives  and 
determined  to  do  all  in  their  power  to 
make  them  a  success. 

 .  — , — o  

Empire  Production 

The  following  extract  is  selected  from 
The  Canadian  Gazette  (London)  of  Feb- 
ruary 13th,  1930: 

"The  whole  situation  is  engaging  the 
attention  of  British  public  men  of  all 
political  parties.  There  is  no  denying 
the  great  menace  to  the  British  Empire 
of— 

"  (1)  The  low  wage  competition  of  the 
Argentine  cereal  grower. 

"  (2)  The  bounty  paying  practices  of 
producing  countries  in  Europe,  such  as 
Germany,  France  and  Czeclio-Slovakia. 

"  (3)  The  possible  dumping  operations 
of  the  United  States  interest  supported 
by  a  $500,000,000  State  Farm  Relief 
Fund. 

"Common  sense  would  seem  to  suggest 
that  the  business  men  and  the  Govern- 
ments of  the  Empire  who  really  do  desire 
inter-Empire  co-operation  should  unite 
in  getting  down  to  these  facts  and  evolv- 
ing some  acceptable  means  of  upholding 
the  interests  of  Empire  production. 
There  are  signs  that  in  Great  Britain  the 
Empire  point  of  view  in  such  matters  is 
coming  uppermost." 

 o  

Field  Service  Notes 

Reports  would  indicate  that  the  grow- 
ers of  Buffalo  View  district  ne£>r  Wain- 
wright  Park  are  well  pleased  with  the 
recent  visit  of  Delegate  Beck  and  the 
field  man.  The  discussion  on  Pool  busi- 
ness at  the  meeting  held,  appears  to  have 
resulted  in  a  much  better  feeling  of  con- 
fidence in  co-operative  marketing  through- 
out the  community. 

Seventy-five  growers  of  the  Cadogan 
district,  F-3,  turned  out  recently  to  hear 
Delegate  Beck  give  his  review  of  Pool 
business  for  the  past  year.  The  field  man 
was  present  and  after  the  question  and 
discussion  period  which  took  in  prices  and 
world  conditions,  gave  an  illustrated  ad- 
dress on  Pool  affairs  w  hich  was  much 
appreciated  and  well  received. 

W.  F.  Grafton,  field  service  representa- 
tive of  the  Wheat  Pool,  addressed  a 
meeting  of  the  Rio  Grande  U.F.A.  Local 
on  Wednesday  evening,  March  5th,  and 
answered  many  questions  regarding  the 
present  wheat  situation  throughout  the 
world.  There  was  a  good  attendance  of 
interested  mpmhers  w  ho  expressed  t.heir 


Apm  1st,  1930 


COABSE   GRAINS  INITIAL 
PAYMENT 

Effective  March  12th,  the  Initial 
Payments  on  Rye  was  reduced  35c 
per  bushel  on  all  grades. 

The  Initial  Payments  on  Oats 
and  Barley  was  reduced  10c  per 
bushel  all  grades. 


satisfaction  in  the  Pool's  policy  in  holding 
their  wheat  during  the  past  few  months. 

The  Gimli  Wheat  Pool  and  U.F.A. 
Locals  held  a  very  fine  meeting  on  Mon- 
day evening,  March  3rd,  to  listen  to  an 
address  from  the  U.F.A.  Director,  I.  V. 
Macklin,  and  discuss  the  grain  situation 
with  the  field  service  man  of  the  Wheat 
Pool,  W.  F.  Grafton.  Many  questions 
were  asked  both  speakers  and  the  mem- 
bers of  both  locals  were  well  satisfied 
with  the  policies  of  their  respective  or- 
ganizations. 

John  Hallett,  delegate  for  F-5,  reports 
"I  have  just  given  the  annual  report 
of  the  Wheat  Pool  meeting  of  Novem- 
ber last  in  sub-district  F-5,  with  an 
average  attendance  of  50  at  seven  meet- 
ings. The  report  was  received  with 
much  interest.  The  very  large  majority 
of  the  membership  seems  to  realize  their 
present  situation.  The  efforts  of  the 
Pool  in  trying  to  protect  their  interest  in 
the  present  market  situation  seems  to 
be  vindicated." 

A  very  successful  organization  meeting 
was  held  at  Edmonton  on  Thursday 
evening,  March  6th,  when  the  farmers 
organized  a  Wheat  Pool  and  U.F.A.  Local. 
I.  V.  Macklin,  Director  for  the  U.F.A. 
and  W.  F.  Grafton,  field  service  repre- 
sentative of  the  Wheat  Pool,  addressed 
the  meeting,  answered  many  questions 
and  assistea  in  organizing  the  Locals. 
The  Pool  members  in  this  district  are 
heartily  in  accord  with  the  selling  policy 
of  the  Pool. 

A  joint  meeting  of  the  Beaverlodge 
U.F.A.  and  Wheat  Pool  Locals  was  held 
at  the  home  of  Victor  Flint  on  Tuesday 
evening,  March  4th.  The  U.F.A.  Direc- 
tor, I.  V.  Macklin,  and  W.  F.  Grafton, 
field  service  representative  of  the  Pool, 
addressed  the  meeting  and  answered  many 
questions.  The  members  of  this  Local 
are  well  satisfied  with  the  policy  of  the 
Wheat  Pool  in  holding  their  wheat  for 
fair  prices  and  are  not  disturbed  in  any 
way  from  the  existing  situation. 

Wellington  Yake,  delegate  for  C-2, 
reports  that  meetings  held  by  himself  and 
William  Pettinger  of  the  field  service 
department,  at  Jenner,  Iddesleigh  and 
Atlee  were  well  attended,  and  that  the 
morale  of  the  membership  is  excellent. 
The  attitude  everywhere  appears  to  be 
"that  we  are  in  the  Pool  to  stay."  The 
presence  of  A.  R.  Purvis  of  the  Pool 
Elevator  depsirtment  at  the  meetings 
held  at  Jenner  and  Iddesleigh  was  much 
appreciated. 

Delegate  Duncan  Scott,  F-2,  with  the 
field  man  for  the  district,  recently  held 
meetings  at  Sulphur  Springs  and  Eye  Hill 
rural  schools  in  the  Provost  district. 
Despite  bad  roads  the  meetings  were  well 
attended  and  a  keen  interest  whs  shown 
in  the  delegate's  report  and  in  comparison 
hetween   «o-operative   and  cytnpotitive 


April  l8t,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


(281)  25 


McPhail  Speaks  on  European  Trip 

Frcs'dzntof  Canadian  Wh;at  Pool  Sunr:ys  S^ituat'on 


The  first  public  address  given  by  A.  J.  McPhail,  President  of  the  Cana- 
dian Wheat  Pool,  since  his  return  from  Europe,  was  before  the  Regina  Board 
of  Trade  on  March  13th.  In  view  of  the  great  interest  in  the  visit  of  the 
Pool  delegation  to  Europe  the  speech  is  herewith  reprinted  in  full. 


I  appreciate  very  much  the  spirit 
shown  by  the  business  and  professional 
men  of  P.egina,  as  indicated  through  the 
Board  of  Trade.  I  was  in  Hamburg 
when  I  received  the  cable  from  your 
President  asking  me  to  address  you  on 
my  return  from  Overseas.  The  whole- 
hearted kindliness  of  the  cable  prompted 
me  on  the  spur  of  the  moment  to  accept 
the  invitation. 

Mr.  MacLeod,  Mr.  Mclntyre  and  my- 
self went  Overseas,  partly  in  response 
to  an  invitation  extended  by  Mr.  Thomas 
when  he  was  in  Canada  last  fall,  but 
principally  in  keeping  with  the  policy  of 
the  Pool,  since  its  inception,  of  having 
representatives  visit  the  countries  where 
we  sell  the  most  of  our  wheat,  at  least 
once  a  j'ear.  When  Mr.  Thomas  was  in 
Canada  last  September  we  had  two  con- 
ferences with  him  in  Winnipeg.  At  the 
first  conference  it  was  quite  evident  that 
he  had  been  absorbing  a  great  deal  of  the 
propaganda  that  was  circulating  at  that 
time  regarding  the  supposed  policy  of  the 
Pool  in  deliberately  holding  up  the  sale 
of  wheat  for  higher  prices  in  the  future. 
We  proved  to  him  that  our  policy  was 
quite  the  reverse  of  what  he  had  been  led 
to  believe. 

Proposed  Interchange 

He  was  very  anxious  to  find  some 
means  of  selling  British  coal  in  Canada. 
He  stated  that  Canada  bought  between 
sixteen  and  seventeen  million  tons  of 
coal  from  the  United  States,  and  he  felt 
that  to  the  e.xtent  that  United  States' 
coal  could  be  replaced  by  British  coal  in 
Cnaadian  markets,  both  countries  would 
benefit.  One  of  the  difficulties  was  that 
of  getting  return  cargoes  for  the  "tramp" 
steamers  bringing  coal.  Ee  thought  that 
the  policy  which  he  believed  the  Pool  had 
been  folloM'ing  of  deliberately  holding  up 
the  movement  of  wheat,  would  seriously 
interfere  with  the  possibility  of  there 
being  return  cargoes  available  for  these 
steamers.  He  suggested  that  the  Pool 
construct  storage  elevators  in  the  United 
Kingdom  ports,  or,  if  the  Pool  did  not 
care  to  do  that,  the  British  Government 
might  undertake  the  work.  The  idea 
was  that  having  plenty  of  storage 
space  in  British  ports,  would  enable 
Canadian  holders  of  wheat  to  ship  at  any 
time  and  store  their  wheat  in  these  fa- 
cilities on  the  other  side.  We  told  him 
that,  as  an  organization,  we  would  not 
consider  building  warehouse  facilities  in 
the  United  Kingdom,  nor  would  we  even 
consider  deliberately  shipping  unsold 
wheat  and  storing  it  in  elevators  on  the 
other  side,  whether  they  were  Govern- 
ment owned  or  not. 

As  a  result  of  our  experience  it  has 
been  our  policy  more  and  more  to  avoid 
putting  any  wheat  afloat,  unsold.  Once 
the  wheat  is  afloat  and  is  close  to  its 
destination,  the  seller  is,  in  a  large  meas- 
ure, at  the  mercy  of  the  buyer. 

Notwithstanding  this,  we  were,  and 
are,  very  sympathetic  towards  a  greater 
interchange  of  goods  between  Canada 
and  the  United  Kingdom.  When  Mr. 
Tho  mas  invited  us  to  send  representatives 
to  confer  with  the  Government,  we  were 


very  ready  to  accept  his  invitation,  and 
very  willing  to  consider  any  proposal  that 
might  help  to  pave  the  way  for  the  im- 
portation of  more  products  into  this 
country  from  the  United  Kingdom. 

We  had  several  conferences  with  Mr. 
Thomas  in  London  and  with  some  of  his 
associates.  He  appeared  to  be  quite 
optimistic  at  our  first  conference  regard- 
ing the  possibility  of  results.  We  were 
prepared  to  recommend,  for  the  serious 
consideration  of  our  Board,  a  certain 
proposal  made  by  Mr.  Thomas,  that  I 
think  would  possibly  have  facilitated  the 
desired  developments.  However,  due  to 
the  very  strong  attitude  taken  by  the 
coal  people  on  this  side  of  the  water,  the 
whole  idea,  I  think,  has  been  dropped, 
for  the  time  being  at  least. 

Now  to  deal  more  particularly  with  the 
present  situation.  It  was  stated  last 
week  in  Winnipeg  that  it  was  the  policy 
of  the  co-operatives,  no  doubt  meaning 
the  Pool,  that  made  it  impossible  or 
difficult  for  the  Trade  to  sell  wheat.  I 
am  not  going  to  argue  the  point.  I  am 
simi)iy  going  to  state  facts,  and  I  have 
no  hesitation  in  saying  that  such  a  state- 
ment is  quite  contrary  to  fact.  You  will 
understand  why  I  cannot  deal  as  fully, 
in  a  public  way  at  this  time,  with  all  the 
facts  as  I  would  like  to  do. 

You  will  remember  that  in  1928  we 
had  much  the  largest  crop  in  the  history 
of  this  country,  with  a  larger  percentage 
of  low  grade  grain  than  in  any  previous 
year.  At  the  same  time,  Argentine  pro- 
duced very  much  the  largest  crop  in  the 
history  of  that  country,  much  larger  than 
was  estimated  by  anyone  familiar  with 
conditions  there.  I  may  say  in  passing 
that  the  Pool  original  estimate  was  higher 
than  that  of  any  other  organization,  but, 
at  that,  altogether  too  low.  Another 
fact,  equally  important,  if  not  more  so, 
was  the  unusually  higlx  quality  of  the 
Argentine  wheat,  which  enabled  British 
and  foreign  millers  to  use  larger  percent- 
ages of  it  in  their  flour  mixtures  and,  at 
the  same  time,  do  with  smaller  percent- 
ages of  Manitoba's. 

Supported  the  Market 

From  January,  1929,  on,  we  were  faced 
with  the  most  severe  kind  of  competition 
from  the  pressure  of  Argentine  wheat  on 
the  market.  In  spite  of  that  very  strong 
competition,  and  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  during  the  winter  months  last  year, 
our  Winnipeg  prices  were  unduly  high  as 
compared  with  Argentine;  we  had  173  to 
174  million  bushels  of  wheat  sold  at  the 
first  of  May  out  of  a  total  to  sell  for  that 
J'ear  of  255  million,  including  local  pur- 
chases. No  one  with  any  knowledge  of 
marketing  could  say  we  were  not  amply 
sold  at  that  time.  No  one  could  say  that 
we  had  not  taken  every  possible  oppor- 
tunity of  selling  our  wheat,  in  the  face  of 
very  difficult  competition  and  prices  that 
did  not  appear,  to  the  general  public  or 
farmers,  at  that  time,  attractive.  In 
order  to  have  this  amount  sold  at  that 
time  we  had  found  it  necessary  to  take 
very  substantial  advantage  of  the  specu- 
latively high  price  levels  obtaining  in  the 
Winnipeg  futures   market  while  at  the 


same  time  endeavoring  by  the  same  ac- 
tion to  keep  them  more  reasonably  in  line 
with  selling  levels  of  other  wheat  with 
which  we  had  to  compete  in  the  European 
market. 

When  the  big  break  in  prices  came  in 
May,  to  as  low  as  .fl.06  and  $1.08  a 
bushel,  we  decided  to  take  a  definite 
stand  against  what  we  considered  a  "bear 
raid"  on  the  market.  We  bought  be- 
tween four  and  five  million  bushels  of 
wheat.  This  was  the  second  time  we  had 
taken  such  action  since  the  Pool  was 
organized.  What  unprejudiced  indivi- 
dual would  say  at  that  time  that  such 
action  was  not  justified?  The  markets 
did  turn  and  gradually  went  to  higher 
levels. 

Some  people  will  naturally  ask,  why 
not  have  taken  such  an  attitude  to  the 
market  as  to  have  brought  our  prices  in 
line  or  on  a  parity  with  Argentine?  At 
the  time  of  the  drastic  decline  I  speak  of 
in  Canadian  prices,  we  found  that  Ar- 
gentine prices  simply  kept  falling  away 
from  ours;  and  even  at  these  low  levels 
there  was  no  sign  of  touching  bottom  so 
far  as  Argentine  prices  were  concerned. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  if  we  were 
to  have  taken  such  an  attitude  as  to  force 
our  prices  to  a  parity  with  Argentine,  it 
would  have  resulted  in  a  price  war  be- 
tween the  two  countries.  No  one  could 
have  predicted  the  result,  or  to  what 
levels  prices  would  have  declined.  Fur- 
ther, I  may  say  that  the  wheat  we  bought 
to  steady  the  market  at  around  $1.07  and 
$1.08  a  bushel,  we  sold  out  again  at 
$1.14  to  $1.16.  That  action,  I  think, 
makes  clear  that  we  had  no  exaggerated 
idea  of  prices,  but  simply  wanted  to 
prevent  them  from  going  to  ridiculously 
low  levels.  From  the  time  prices  reached 
$1.14  and  $1.15  in  June,  we  have  con- 
tinuously offered  wheat  at  all  prevailing 
price  levels. 

Conditions  Last  Summer 

When  the  "bull"  movement  gradually 
developed  last  summer,  as  a  result  of  the 
growing  knowledge  of  the  prospects  of  a 
short  crop  in  this  country,  prices  went 
to  higher  levels  than  they  should  have. 
This  was  due  to  the  huge  quantities  of 
low  grade  wheat  and  the  lack  of  a  suffi- 
cient supply  of  the  contract  grades  in  the 
necessary  position  for  delivery  on  the 
option.  All  last  summer  and  fall  we  lost 
no  opportunity  to  sell  wheat.  If  the 
Pool  had  taken  a  more  aggressive  attitude 
in  deliberately  pressing  wheat  on  the 
market,  under  the  conditions  obtaining 
last  fall,  with  which  you  are  all  more  or 
less  familiar,  we  would  simply  have  pre- 
cipitated the  condition  which  now  ob- 
tains, earlier  in  the  season,  and  the  Pool 
would  have  been  held  up  everywhere  as 
the  organization  responsible  for  such  a 
condition.  Even  those  of  j'ou  who  may 
not  know  very  much  about  the  market 
situation,  know  that  mj^  statement  in 
this  regard  is  true.  Practically  all  the 
leading  grain  men  in  this  country  and 
even  on  this  continent,  were  "bullish"  all 
last  fall. 

Europe's  Attitude 

Again,  it  was  s.iid  last  week  in  Winni- 
peg that  the  condition  we  are  now  facing 
as  a  result  of  the  situation  in  Europe,  is 
the  outcome  of  declarations  of  policy  by 
Pool  officials  here  and  in  the  United 
States — that  the  trend  of  developments 
which  are  now  taking  place  in  Europe 


26  (282) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  let.  1930 


in  the  way  of  wheat  duties  and  com- 
pulsory milling  regulations  started  in 
1926  as  a  result  of  declarations  made  at 
the  St.  Paul  Pool  Conference.  Such  a 
Btatement,  I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying, 
is  quite  contrary  to  the  facts.  If  such 
were  the  case,  why  did  the  world  imjiort 
935  million  bushels  of  wheat  from  the 
1928  crop,  just  last  year,  a  much  larger 
amount  than  had  ever  been  imported  in 
the  world's  history?  European  countries 
are  pursuing  their  present  policies  simply 
to  protect  and  foster  their  own  agricul- 
ture for  the  purpose  of  becoming  self- 
sustaining  and  as  independent  as  possible 
of  other  countries  for  their  supplies  of 
food  stuffs.  There  has  been  no  gigantic 
battle,  no  titanic  struggle  taking  place 
except  in  the  minds  of  some  newspatier 
writers  who  naturally  and  excusably  want 
to  dress  up  their  articles  in  the  most 
attractive  form  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
reading  public.  It  is  a  condition  which 
has  very  naturally  arisen  as  a  result  of  a 
combination  of  extraordinary  circum- 
stances. 

The  real  cause  of  the  present  situation 
is  the  very  large  crop  produced  in  the  four 
large  wheat  ex])orting  countries  of  the 
world  in  1928,  as  well  as  a  very  large 
crop  in  Europe  the  same  year.  The  most 
important  factor  in  this  situation  was  the 
huge  Argentine  crop  and  its  high  quality, 
which  I  have  already  mentioned,  and  the 
policy,  adopted  by  the  people  who  handle 
the  wheat  from  that  country,  of  shipping 
the  wheat  and  dumping  it  in  the  world's 
markets  at  any  price.  Argentine,  as  you 
know,  is  a  long  distance  from  market, 
and  has  only  about  nine  million  bushels 
of  storage  capacity;  consequently-  she 
must  ship  large  quantities  of  wheat  afloat, 
unsold,  which  simply  must  be  sold  while 
afloat  or  upon  arrival,  at  any  price. 

The  whole  situation,  in  the  same  four 
exporting  countries,  was  completely 
changed  in  1929.  Canada,  with  about 
half  the  crop  that  it  had  in  the  previous 
year;  Argentine,  with  much  less  than 
half  the  exportable  surplus  that  she  had 
the  year  before;  Australia,  \  ith  68  per 
cent  of  the  exportable  surplus  of  1928; 
and  even  the  United  Stales  hud  108  mil- 
lion bushels  le«s  than  in  1928.  On  the 
other  hand,  however,  Euro[)e  had  again 
in  1929,  an  exceptionally  good  crop  of 
wheat;  and,  what  is  of  great  importance, 
a  crop  of  unusual  quality,  harvested  under 
most  excellent  conditions.  There  is  a 
strong  tendency  in  European  countries, 
as  I  have  mentioned  before,  to  become 
self-sustyiuing.  My  own  opinion  is  that 
they  are  being  driven  by  financial  and 
industrial  conditions  to  protect  them- 
selves. 

Results  of  War 

I  believe  the  conditions  in  Europe  and 
in  the  world,  are,  in  a  large  measure,  the 
results  of  the  war  and  after-the-war  settle- 
ments. We  know  very  little  about  taxa- 
tion here  as  compared  with  the  burdens 
that  European  people  have  to  carry.  They 
owe  huge  debts  to  other  natinns.  This 
is  particularly  true  of  Germany.  No 
other  nation  wants  to  buy  their  products 
in  competition  with  their  own.  The 
United  States  is  a  great  creditor  nation, 
and  perhaps,  more  than  any  country,  is 
erectmg  tariff  barriers  to  shut  out  the 
products  of  other  countries.  It  is  only 
with  products  of  some  kind  that  a  nation 
can  pay  it.|*  debts.  You  can  imagine  the 
position  in  which  the  debtor  nations  are 
placed,  having  the  market  for  their  goods 
more  and  more  restricted.  What  could 
be  more  natural  than  that  they  should 
take  whatever  steps  would  secm  to  give 
promise  of  a  greater  measure  of  economic 
ndep  endence?  . 


As  j'ou  probably  know,  Germany, 
France  and  also  Italy,  have  erected  high 
tariff  barriers  against  the  importation 
of  foreign  wheats.  At  the  present  time 
Germany  has  a  duty  of  61  3-5  cents 
a  bushel  against  the  importation  of 
foreign  wheat,  while  the  duty  in  Italy  is 
73i  cents  and  53  in  J'rance.  Contrary 
to  certain  propaganda,  wheat  is  not  the 
only  farm  product  in  these  countries 
which  is  protected  from  competition 
in  the  home  market.  Germany  has  put 
into  effect  a  high  duty  against  the  importa- 
tion of  hogs  and  hog  products  wliich  has 
resulted  in  very  hign  domestic  prices. 
In  addition  to  the  duties,  German  millers, 
by  Government  regulation,  are  comt)elled 
to  use  50  per  cent  of  German  wheat  in 
their  flour  mixtures.  French  millers 
are  compelled  to  use  97  j>er  cent  of 
French  wheat.  These  countries,  particu- 
larly France,  have  little  chance  under 
such  conditions  of  importing  foreign 
wheat.  Besides  this,  France,  for  in- 
stance, pays  a  subsidy  on  the  export  of 
French  wheat  to  other  countries.  Both 
countries  allow  the  exporter  of  home 
wheat  to  re-import  a  like  amount  of 
foreign  wheat  free  of  duty.  No  doubt 
France  will  import  at  least  as  much  wheat 
as  she  has  exported  this  year.  In  fact, 
that  is  one  of  the  reasons  for  exporting — 
to  enable  the  millers  to  import  foreign 
wheat  to  mix  with  their  own.  It  is  the 
dumping  of  this  government  subsidized 
wheat  that  is  creating  such  antagonism 
in  the  United  Kingdom,  You  have 
heard  a  great  deal  about  a  feeling  alleged 
to  exist  in  the  Old  Country  against  Ca- 
nadian wheat  and  the  Pool.  I  was  able 
to  discover  no  such  feeling.  We  had 
nothing  but  the  most  cordial  and  friendly 
recei)tion  wherever  we  went  in  the  Old 
Country.  I  was  there  two  and  a  half 
years  ago,  but  I  felt,  whether  rightly  or 
wrongly,  that  there  is  a  much  greater 
feeling  of  real  friendlinea's  now  than  at 
that  time. 

The  Placard  IncMent 

We  found  that  placards  h^d  been  used 
by  some  bakers  stating  they  used  no 
foreign  wheat  in  their  bread.  It  was 
explained  to  us  that  they  did  not  consider 
Canadian  or  Australian  wheat  as  foreign, 
but  these  placards  had  reference  to  the 
duniping  of  cheap  subsidized  wheat  from 
continental  countries,  particularly  France. 
French  wheat  was  selling  in  England  at 
mtich  lower  prices  than  the  same  wheat 
was  selling  in  France  where  it  was  grown. 
This  dumping  of  cheap  wheat  has  a  very 
serious  effect  -on  the  British  farmer  and 
the  price  he  receives.  Naturally,  Cana- 
dian wheat  has  no  such  effect,  first,  be- 
cause, owing  to  its  quality,  it  does  not 
compete  with  English  wheat;  also  because 
even  under  ordinary  circumstances,  bushel 
for  bushel,  it  is  the  most  expensive  wheat 
in  the  world.  Regardless  of  all  the 
propaganda  that  has  been  circulated  in 
this  country  the  last  eight  or  ten  months, 
we  did  not  find  the  slightest  e\  idence 
of  a  boycott  or  antagonism  again.st  the 
use  of  Manitobas.  The  situation  is  sim- 
ply one  of  demand  and  price.  You  can 
see  very  readily,  as  a  result  of  the  policies 
of  European  countries,  why  the  demand 
for  wheat  has  fallen  off  on  the  Continent, 
for  the  time  being.  You  can  understand 
why,  during  the  past  ten  months,  [)ar- 
ticularly,  the  sale  of  Manitobas  has  been 
very  slow,  because  the  Argentine,  with  its 
huge  crop  of  high  quality  w  heat,  has  been 
aggres^ively  dumpinij  and  pressing  the 
market.  As  a  result,  however,  of  the 
smaller  percentanes  of  Manitobas  used  in 
the  flour  of  both  England  and  Contin- 
ental countries,  European  bread  ia  now 
admittedly  of   inferior  quality.  The 


information  we  got  everyw  here  was  to  the 
effect  that  millers  would  be  very  glad 
to  be  able  to  return  to  a  larger  use  of 
Manitobas  in  their  flour.  This  is  quite 
obviously  the  case,  because  the  better 
the  flour  they  can  manufacture,  the 
better  it  is  for  their  business.  Manitobas 
have  not  lost  their  name  for  hich  quality, 
as  has  recently  been  stated.  Manitobas 
do  not  sell  sim[)ly  as  wheat  in  the  world's 
market.  Our  wheat  is  regarded  every- 
where, without  reserve,  as  the  best  wheat 
in  the  world  for  blending  purposes.  As 
one  Frenchman  stated  to  me,  "We  look 
on  Manitoba  wheat,  particularly  under 
these  conditions,  as  we  look  on  sugar  in 
tea — it's  a  luxury." 

I  have  said  that  the  bread  in  all  these 
countries  is  of  inferior  quality  to  that 
of  other  years.  I  must  mention  Scotland 
as  the  only  exception.  Thts  Scotch,  with 
all  their  reputation  for  being  close-fisted, 
are  the  only  people  who  have  continued 
to  insist  on  having  sugar  in  their  tea. 
Although  I  did  not  have  time  to  go  as  far 
north  as  Scotland,  Mr.  MncLeod,  who 
did  visit  Glasgow  and  the  Scottish  Co- 
operative Wholesale,  tells  me  that  their 
bread  is  as  good  as  ours.  Certainly,  the 
bread  nowhere  else  can  be  compared  with 
ours. 

Wheat  Too  Low. 

There  seemed  to  be  a  general  recogni- 
tion on  the  part  of  people  I  met  that  the 
price  of  wheat,  even  at  the  levels  obtaining 
when  I  was  in  England,  was  too  low  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  farmer.  There  is  a 
general  recognition  that  agriculture  every- 
where is  in  a  serious  plight.  Different 
men,  interested  one  way  or  another 
in  the  grain  business,  expressed  the  opin- 
ion that  the  price  was  low  enough;  but  a 
miller  will  not  pay  even  an  admittedly 
low  price  if  there  is  a  reasonable  expecta- 
tion in  his  mind  that  it  may  be  consider- 
ably lower  in  a  few  days.  Wheat  at  $1.10 
per  bushel  basis  One  Northern,  Fort 
William,  is  altogether  too  cheap  to  make 
wheat  growing  attractive  in  this  country, 
but  with  the  high  duties  in  European 
countries,  it  is  very  expensive  to  the  con- 
sumer. Wheat  at  $1.10,  Fort  William, 
means  $2.00  wheat  laid  down  to  the 
miller  on  the  Rhine,  including  .^hipping 
costs  and  duty.  Even  in  England, 
where  agriculture  probably  plays  a  smaller 
part  in  the  national  life  than  in  any 
other  country,  there  is  a  general  feeling, 
which  I  failed  to  find  two  and  a  half  years 
ago,  to  the  extent  that  it  exists  now,  that 
if  the  country  is  to  be  restored  to  a  proper 
condition  of  reasonable  prosperity,  agri- 
culture must  be  lifted  out  of  the  deplor- 
able condition  in  which  it  is  now  flounder- 
ing. 

Conditions  in  Britain 
We  were  given  a  dinner  by  a  very  large 
business  organization,  larger  than  any 
that  exists  in  this  countrv.  I  spoke  of 
the  difliculties  with  which  farmer*  have  to 
contend.  Years  of  large  yields  and 
bountiful  harvests  very  often  bring 
hard  times,  while  years  with  moderate 
or  below  average  cro[)s  bring  better  times 
as  a  result  of  higher  prices.  I  instanced 
the  years  1923  and  1928,  the  two  most 
difficult  years  since  the  war,  and  years  in 
which  we  produced  the  largest  crops  in 
our  hjstory.  One  of  the  directors  of  this 
organization,  sj)eaking  afterwards,  stated 
that  their  organization  owned  forty 
thousand  acres  of  farm  lands  in  England 
and  they  were  losing  money  hand  over 
fist  every  year  on  their  operations.  That 
is  the  general  impression  in  the  United 
Kingdom   to-day   regarding  agriculture. 

While  we  were  in  England  there  was  a 
meeting  of  nine  or  ten  thousand  farmers 
in  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  gathered  together 


April  1st,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


m3)  97 


to  consider  the  situation  in  order  to  find 
some  means  of  relief.  There  are  all  sorts 
of  schemes  being  suggested  by  different 
people  for  the  relief  of  agriculture, 
some  promising  the  guarantee  of  a  certain 
price  for  wheat  (or  regulations  compelling 
millers  to  use  a  certain  percentage  of 
home  wheat  in  their  Hour.  This  inci- 
dentally would  be  of  benefit  to  Canada, 
as  such  a  regulation  would  require  the 
use  of  more  Manitobas). 

What  I  have  been  saying  may  appear 
to  be  a  little  pes.simistic,  but  there  is  no 
doubt  that  a  feeling  of  depression  exists 
in  many  countries  at  the  present  time. 
As  I  said  before,  I  believe  that  it  largely 
results  from  the  war  and  the  war  settle- 
ments. Again,  1  believe  that  the  great 
financial  crash  in  America  last  October  has 
had  much  more  far-reaching  effects  than 
most  people  realized  at  that  time.  It  has 
helped  to  bring  about  a  feeling  of  uncer- 
tainty and  lack  of  confidence  that  is  very 
important  from  the  standpoint  of  trade. 
Then,  agsin,  the  forced  unloading  by 
certain  supposed  strong  interests  in  the 
wheat  trade  here,  culminating  in  a  most 
spectacular  grain  company  failure  in  the 
grain  trade  in  Winnipeg  a  month  or  more 
ago.  That  particular  incident  received 
very  vsidespread  publicity  on  the  other 
side  and  h;id  an  effect  out  of  all  proportion 
to  it.<  real  importance.  It  seem*  that  un- 
der conditions  which  have  evi.sted  during 
the  past  two  month.s,  all  kinds  of  rumors 
and  report^,  however  unimportant  or 
silly  in  ordinary  times,  have  had  their 
effect  in  keeping  the  situation  in  a  dis- 
turbed condition.  For  instance,  the 
Argentine  Government  report  to  the 
effect  that  that  country  only  produced  a 
crop  of  142,000,000  bushels  in  1929,  had 
only  a  very  slight  "bullish"  effect  on  the 
market.  Then,  again,  when  their  second 
government  report  was  published,  esti- 
mating a  still  lower  yield,  the  effect  was 
not  noticeable  on  the  market.  Under 
ordinary  circumstances,  these  reports 
would  undoubtedly  have  had  a  very 
bullish  effect.  The  report  of  the  shipment 
of  10,000  tons  of  wheat,  more  or  less  at 
different  times,  from  Russia,  always  had  a 
seriously  disturbing  effect  on  the  market. 

The  best  information  I  could  get  re- 
garding Russia  was  that  their  exports  of 
wheat  this  year  would  not  be  a  serious 
market  factor.  No  one  knows  how  serious 
a  factor  they  may  be  in  years  to  come. 

Another  Viewpoint 
Now  for  the  other  side  of  the  picture. 
As  I  stated  before,  three  or  four  large 
wheat  exporting  countries  had,  combined, 
less  than  half  the  exportable  surplus  from 
their  1929  crops  as  compared  to  their 
surplus  from  the  crop  of  1928,  and  even 
the  fourth,  the  United  States,  had  as 
previously  mentioned,  produced  100  mill- 
ion less  in  1929  than  in  1928.  On  account 
of  the  very  large  carry-over  from  1928, 
however,  she  has  about  the  same  ex- 
portable surplus.  There  is  very  serious 
doubt  about  the  quality  of  a  large  part  cf 
this  surplus.  The  Argentine  crop  is  also 
admittedly  of  lower  quality  than  that  of 
1928.  This  is  of  great  importance.  Ar- 
entine  cannot  press  the  market  as  she 
id  last  year,  because  she  has  not  the 
wheat  with  which  to  prass.  For  instance, 
Argentine  shipments  last  week  were 
2,500,000  bushels  as  compared  with  over 
10,000,000  for  the  same  week  last  year. 
Imagine  shipments  of  such  huge  quanti- 
ties of  wheat  from  the  Argentine  week 
after  week,  and  a  large  part  of  it  put 
afloat  unsold  and  in  a  position  where  it 
had  to  be  sold,  regardless  of  price. 

Europe,  as  a  result  of  the  policies  that 
I  have  already  mentioned,  has  smaller 
stocks  of  home  wheat  on  hand  at  the 


present  time  than  she  had  a  year  ago. 
According  to  the  German  government 
estimate,  Germany  had  400,000  tons 
less  wheat  on  hand  the  1st  of  February 
than  she  had  last  year  at  the  same  date. 
That  means  nearly  a  month's  supply  for 
Germany.  According  to  our  information, 
the  same,  in  a  more  or  le.ss  degree,  is  true 
of  other  countries.  Obviously,  it  cannot 
be  otherwise.  This  being  the  case,  it  is 
natural  to  expect  that  Europe  must  ira- 

Eort  large  quantities  of  wheat  during  the 
alance  of  the  year.  We  were  told,  both 
in  France  and  Germany,  that  stocks  of 
wheat  in  millers'  hands  are  very  low. 
Naturally,  the  government  policies  iti 
these  countries,  by  compelling  millers 
to  use  such  large  percentages  of  home 
wheat,  results  in  the  manufacture  of  a 
poorer  quality  flour.  Millers,  therefore, 
have  not  taken  into  stock  large  supplies 
of  wheat,  in  the  hope  that  conditions 
would  change,  thus  enabling  them  to  im- 
port other  kinds  of  wheat  for  blending 
purposes.  We  know  that  outside  of  this, 
stocks  of  wheat  in  European  ports,  such 
as  Hamburg,  and  Rotterdam,  and  other 
ports,  are  quite  low.  We  know,  too,  that 
when  a  demand  does  develop,  Manitobas, 
because  of  tlieir  superior  quality,  have  the 
edge  on  any  other  wheat  in  the  world. 
We  have  the  advantage  in  this  particular, 
that  all  millers  would  like,  when  possible, 
to  use  substantial  quantities  of  our  wheat. 

Feeling  Towards  Canada 

There  has  been  an  impression  that 
less  wheat  is  being  used  now  than  former- 
ly. It  is  very  difficult  to  definitely  con- 
firm or  deny  such  a  statement.  We  do 
know,  however,  that  the  United  King- 
dom has  imported  more  wheat  this  year 
than  last.  In  England,  particularly, 
there  is  the  most  frienilly  feeling  toward 
Canada  and  toward  the  idea  of  using 
more  of  our  wheat.  I  feel  that  I  cannot 
express  too  strongly  the  feeling  of  real 
friendliness  that  I  found  everywhere 
amongst  Old  Country  people  towards 
Canada.  I  thought  when  I  was  there,  en- 
joying the  hospitality  of  various  groups, 
of  how  much  some  of  the  countries  who 
have  wheat  to  export  would  give  for  the 
real  friendly  feeling  that  exists  in  the 
Old  Country  towards  Canada  and  towards 
Canadian  products.  Of  course,  there  is  a 
hope  that  if  they  use  our  products  we  will 
import  a  larger  percentage  of  our  require- 
ments from  the  Old  Country.  Personally, 
I  think  this  is  only  reasonable.  I  assured 
them  on  different  occasions  when  I  was 
called  on  to  speak,  that  their  feeling  to- 
wards us  was  reciprocated  in  the  fullest 
manner  possible,  and  thpt  I  knew  I  was 
expres.sing  the  feeling  of  the  people  of 
Western  Canada  particularly,  when  I 
said  that  there  was  a  growing  feeling 
here  in  favor  of  developments  that  would 
result  in  greater  purchases  of  our  import 
requirements  from  the  United  Kingdom. 
I  didn  t  say  so  because  I  was  talking  to  an 
Old  Country  audience,  but  because  I  felt 
that  what  I  was  saying  was  a  statement 
of  fact. 

Again,  with  regard  to  the  present 
situation,  1  am  not  going  to  express  any 
definite  personal  opinion  regarding  the 
outcome,  because  such  an  opinion  would 
be  interpreted  as  being  biased  and  of  no 
very  great  value  to  the  outside  world. 
I  am  going  to  simply  place  before  you  the 
opinion  and  statistics  of  one  «  ho  cannot 
be  considered  as  being  biased  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  producer,  namely, 
Broomhall.  Broomhali's  figures,  which 
I  think,  with  all  due  respect  to  their 
source,  are  generally  considered  to  be 
conservative  from  the  standpoint  of 
world's  requirements,  Estimate  that  the 
world's  import  requirements  for  the  year 


beginning  August  Ist,  1929,  will  be  696 
million,  although  he  has  reduced  that  esti- 
mate a  day  or  two  ago  by  62  million 
bushels.  He  estimates  that  the  ship- 
ments have  already  amounted  to  366 
million,  and  that  there  is  left  to  be 
shipped  330  million.  Even  taking  these 
figures  as  a  basis,  there  is  good  reason 
to  believe  that  the  world  will  still  require 
our  wheat  this  year.  In  his  market  letter 
last  Thursday,  March  6th,  he  stated  that 
he  expected  a  broader  demand  for  Mani- 
tobas and  that  in  July  next  he  antici- 
pated much  smaller  stocks  of  wheat  in 
North  America  than  a  year  ago.  I  don't 
know  any  more  dependable  opinion  from 
a  conservative  standpoint  than  you  can 
find  in  those  statements.  You  are  as 
capable  of  drawing  your  own  conclusions 
as  I  am. 

I  have  not  much  further  to  say  and 
you  may  feel  that  I  have  not  said  very 
much  to  throw  light  on  the  situation. 
Regardless  of  all  the  propaganda  and  all 
the  statements  that  are  made  by  self- 
styled  experts  who  write  with  such  an 
assurance  of  a  real  knowledge  of  what  has 
taken  place,  I  say  without  any  fear  what- 
ever of  successful  contradiction,  that 
no  one  can  say  with  any  assurance  that 
the  present  situation  could  have  been 
avoided  at  this  time  without  the  very 
great  likelihood  that  had  any  different 
action  been  followed  by  the  Pool  the 
same  condition  would  have  been  pre- 
cipitated earlier  in  the  season,  with  the 
result  that  the  Pool  would  have  been 
blamed  for  taking  an  attitude  towards 
the  inarket  that  would  have  been  unju.sti- 
fied  in  the  minds  of  the  general  public 
and  the  best  informed  grain  men  as  well. 

It  is  only  necessary  to  examine  the 
official  record  of  the  Canadian  carryover 
each  year  since  the  Pool  was  organi^ed 
and  compare  the  Pool  carr^'over  with  the 
total  to  find  an  answer  to  propaganda 
to  the  effect  that  the  Pool  has  been  un- 
duly holding  up  the  sale  of  wheat.  For 
instance,  the  Pool  had  a  carryover  last 
August  of  52  million  out  of  a  total  carry- 
over of  104  million.  We  have  always 
taken  the  attitude  of  trying  to  regulate 
the  flow  of  our  wheat  to  market. 

Has  Reason  for  Hope 

I  have  ground  for  hoping  that  we  can 
come  out  of  this  situation  reasonably 
well,  but  I  believe  that  we  must,  as 
farmers,  give  very  serious  consideration  to 
the  future.  In  view  of  the  very  definite 
polii^ics  of  European  countries  in  the 
direction  of  encouraging  the  production 
of  home  wheat,  in  order  to  make  for  more 
independence  of  foreign  countries  for 
their  food  supplies,  Canadian  farmers  will 
do  well  to  seriously  consider  methods  of 
production,  and  particularly  their  costs 
of  production,  as  well  as  the  quality  of 
their  products.  Quality  is  of  supreme 
importance.  In  spite  of  all  that  may  be 
said  to  the  contrary,  our  wheat  is  re- 
garded everywhere  without  reserve  as  of 
superior  quality  to  that  of  any  other 
wheat  bein^  exported  to  the  European 
markets.  Nevertheless,  it  is  only  the  re- 
markable coincidence  of  short  crops  in  the 
four  principal  wheat  exporting  countries, 
that  has  saved  the  situation  for  us  this 
year. 

I  was  very  glad  to  know  of  the  un- 
hesitating manner  in  which  the  three 
Provincial  Governments  promised  their 
support  to  the  Pools  a  month  ago.  It  is 
an  evidence  of  the  measure  of  public  sup- 
port behind  the  Pools  that  exists  in 
Western  Canada  at  the  present  time. 
I  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  the  spirit 
which  animated  the  three  Governments 
and  the  Legislatures  in  deciding  to  lend 
Continued  on  pace  30) 


28  (284) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  iBt,  1930 


Activities  of  the  University 
of  Alberta 

Report  Laid  on  Table  of  Legislature  Surveys  Work  in  Higher  Education — Importance 

of  Research 


Some  conception  of  the  place  of  higher 
education  in  the  life  of  our  young  Prov- 
ince may  be  gained  from  the  statement 
that  2.4  out  of  every  thousand  people 
in  Alberta  were  in  attendance  at  the 
University  of  Alberta  during  the  past 
academic  year.  In  the  report  of  the 
Board  of  Governors  of  the  University 
laid  on  the  table  of  the  Legislature  during 
the  first  week  of  the  session  this  figure 
is  set  in  contrast  to  that  of  Manitoba, 
where  the  attendance  at  the  Provincial 
university  was  3.9  per  thousand  of  the 
population.  The  report  remarks  that 
this  is  evidence  that  the  saturation 
point  (judging  from  the  experience  of 
one  01  the  sister  Provinces  whose  popula- 
tion is  similar  to  our  own)  is  not  yet 
reached.  The  total  number  enrolled  was 
1,516.  Of  these  ,301  were  full-time 
students  in  attendance  at  the  winter 
session,  101  were  summer  school  students, 
and  the  remainder  part-time  students. 

To  attend  to  the  academic  needs  of 
these  students,  of  whom  three  out  of 
every  four  were  born  in  Alberta,  there 
are  now  39  full-time  professors  with  59 
other  full-time  members  of  the  staff, 
and  49  part-time  professors  and  assis- 
tants, a  total  of  156  professors,  assistants, 
lecturers,  demonstrators,  instructors  etc. 

The  national  origin  of  the  members 
of  the  student  body  is  a  matter  of  in- 
terest, and  may  be  classified  as  follows: 


Alberta   555 

Other  parts  of  Canada   517 

Other  parts  of  the  British  Empire  142 

United  States   158 

Foreign  countries,  other  than  U. 

S.  A   57 

Not  specified   87 


Edmonton  naturally  heads  the  list  of 

E laces  with  a  registration  of  153.  Calgary 
•ing  next  with  69.  The  farms  of  the 
Province  contributed  281,  tne  highest 
number  of  students  classifitd  according 
to  the  occupation  of  the  parents,  mer- 
chants being  next  with  124  students. 
The  Faculty  of  Agriculture  has  come  to 
have  a  large  place  in  the  life  of  the 
University,  as  shown  by  the  registration 
in  that  department,  which  was  168  last 
year. 

Research  Work  in  Agriculture 

The  report  states  that  in  most  of  the 
departments  that  may  be  described  as 
directly  agricultural,  teaching  is  only 
part  of  the  work  of  the  staff.  Large 
amounts  of  experimental  and  research 
work  are  undertaken,  in  fact  more  than 
at  all  the  other  colleges  ol  agriculture 
throughout  Canada  put  together.  This 
work  is  partly  done  under  the  auspices 
of  the  National  Research  Council.  The 
members  of  the  staff  are  also  called  upon 
to  do  much  extension  work,  for  instance: 
issuing  reports,  giving  radio  talks,  indi- 
vidual lectures  and  short  courses  under 
the  Provincial  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture. 

The  good  record  made  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Animal  Husbandry  for  quality 
exhibits  hai  been  maintained  during  the 
past  year  at  the  large  expositions  at 
Toronto  and  Chicago;  though  the  aggre- 
gate innings  were  somewhat  lower  than 
last  year.  One  interesting  experiment 
conducted  by  this  branch  is  that  of  the 


value  of  sunlight  and  the  use  of  cod  liver 
oil  for  winter  feeding.  The  report  states 
that  if  the  field  crops  department  had 
more  room  there  are  phases  of  the  work 
of  seed  distribution  that  could  be  quad- 
rupled. The  department  of  soils  has  co- 
operated with  the  Provincial  and  Domin- 
ion Governments  in  prosecuting  the 
work  of  soil  survey  throughout  the 
Province.  This  work,  especially  in  the 
newer  areas,  will  be  of  great  value  to 
incoming  settlers. 

Outgrowing  Accommodation 

Investigation  and  experiment  in  dairy- 
ing, veterinary  science,  agricultural  en- 
gineering, poultry,  horticulture  and  en- 
tomology are  important  phases  of  the 
work  of  the  Faculty  of  Agriculture. 
Space  forbids  to  tell  of  developments  in 
the  faculties  of  medicine,  applied  science, 
and  law;  and  of  the  setting  up  of  the  new 
school  of  education,  or  of  the  expansion 
of  the  University  Hospital  and  the  ac- 
tivities of  the  student  body,  all  of  which 
are  dealt  with  in  the  report.  That  the 
University  is  outgrowing  its  accommoda- 
tions is  very  evident. 

One  of  the  urgent  needs  outlined  is 
that  of  a  library  building.  The  Exten- 
sion Department  is  crowded  and  working 
under  restricted  and  unwholesome  con- 
ditions. So  little  room  is  there  in  the 
Department  of  Applied  Science  that 
Convocation  Hall  has  to  be  used  for  a 
drafting  room,  and  even  the  corridors 
of  the  Arts  building  ,  are  being  used 
for  the  laboratory  work  of  the  account- 
ancy course.  The  building  of  the  new 
library  building  which  has  been  con- 
temi)lated  for  some  time  will  relieve 
all  this  congestion. 

The  University  authorities  will  doubt- 
less be  pgain  disappointed  that  there  is 
no  provision  in  this  year's  estimates  fo 
the  building  of  this  much  needed  additinr 
to  the  University  equipment. — N.F.P. 
 o  

Wild  Rose  Becomes  the 

Floral  Emblem  of  Alberta 

Children  of  Schools  Preferred  This  to 
Tiger  Lily 

Reminding  the  Assembly  that  it  had 
been  a  custom  from  times  immemorial 
for  nations  and  stales  to  choose  and 
maintain  a  floral  emblem,  citing  Egypt, 
India,  European  countries  and  the  British 
units,  Hon.  Perren  Baker,  at  the  close 
of  the  evening  session  on  Monday  Feb. 
17th,  moved,  as  reported  in  a  previous 
issue,  the  second  reading  of  a  bill  to 
establish  the  wild  rose  as  the  floral  emblem 
of  Alberta. 

Mr.  Baker  read  an  extract  from  the 
Edmonton  Journal,  from  an  i.ssue  in  the 
twenty-first  anniversarv  year  of  the 
Province— 1926— urging"  that  this  be 
done.  He  told  the  Assembly  ol  steps 
taken  by  the  Women's  Institutes  of  Al- 
berta to  ascertain  the  wishes  of  the 
children  of  the  schools  through  the 
Department  of  Education,  in  1928. 
Many  of  the  pupils  had  chosen  the  tiger 
hly;  but  when  the  enquiry  was  com- 
pleted it  was  found  that  the  wild  rose 
was  most  favored. 


What  more  fitting  than  that  this 
flower,  so  sturdy,  native  to  the  Province, 
found  almost  everywhere  in  the  Province, 
exercising  its  rare  ministry  of  fragrance 
and  beauty,  should  be  selected  as  the 
official  floral  emblem?  In  addition  to  its 
universality  throughout  our  countryside 
and  its  fragr.ince  and  beauty,  it  was  an 
emblem  of  strength,  stability  and  inde- 
pendence. 

The  bill  met  with  no  opposition. 

—  o  

Will  Not  Link  Peace  River 
by  Telephone  With  South 

Not  Sound  Business  at  Present— Minister 
on  Radio  Possibilities 

In  the  Legislature  a  strong  plea  for 
connecting  the  telephone  service  of  the 
older  parts  of  the  Province  with  that  de- 
veloped by  the  Government  in  the  Peeac 
Kiver  country  was  made  on  February 
24th  by  L.  A.  Girou.\,  Liberal  member 
for  Grouard.  The  discussion  occupied 
about  an  hour,  in  the  course  of  which 
Hon.  Vernor  M.  Smith  showed  that,  how- 
ever desirable  it  might  be,  it  was  not  yet 
sound  business.  He  preferred  rather  to 
spend  money  on  lines  which  would  give 
inter-communication  between  the  various 
parts  of  the  Peace  River  district.  Hugh 
Allen,  U.F.A.  member  for  Peace  River, 
admitted  the  desirability  of  the  proposed 
connection,  but  agreed  with  the  Minister 
of  Telephones,  that,  seeing  money  could 
not  be  devoted  to  both  needs  at  present, 
it  was  desirable  to  spend  what  was  avail- 
able on  inter-communication  within  the 
Peace  P.iver  district. 

Among  other  items  of  information  given 
by  Mr.  Smith  in  the  course  of  his  reply 
to  Mr.  Giroux  was  the  interesting  fact 
that  the  Government  is  watching  experi- 
ments with  short  wave  radio,  having  in 
view  its  use  in  linking  up  the  remote 
places  with  the  settled  areas  of  the 
country. 

The  Minister  showed  that  the  proposed 
line  would  entail  an  annual  deficit  of 
some  $20,000.  The  cost  would  not  be 
$50,000  as  Mr.  Giroux  had  stated,  but  the 
^uch  larger  sum  of  $161,370.  He  had 
no  fears  such  as  those  expressed  by  the 
member  for  Grouard  that  the  B.  C. 
Telephone  Company  would  enter  the 
Peace  River  counry.  They  had  not  as 
yet  linked  up  their  Provincial  system  with 
the  area  around  Prince  George. 

Mr.  Giroux  remarked  jokingly  that  the 
Government  was  just  as  much  interested 
as  anyone  in  this  development  "  especially, 
he  said,  "if  we  have  an  election  in  June." 
The  "Noes"  had  it,  when  the  motion 
was  put  by  Mr.  Speaker. 

 o  .  

A  LOST  ART. 

Paying  cash  for  an  automobile  has 
become  a  "lost  art"  in  the  United  States. 
During  1929,  according  to  Department 
of  Commerce  reports,  3,441,529  cars 
were  bought  on  the  "finance  plan," 
which  is  just  a  75-cent  word  for  "in- 
stallment plan."  Four  hundred  and 
eleven  automobile  financing  companies 
handled  this  enormous  business,  ad- 
vancing $1,586,810,500  to  the  dealers 
who  sold  the  cars  and  to  the  buyers 
notes. 

In  the  three  Prairie  Provinces  of  Can- 
ada—  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  and  Al- 
berta— about  4,000  harvester-combine 
machines  were  used  last  year  during  the 
wheat  harvest. 


April  l8t,  1930 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


f285)  29 


John  Deere'No.  5  Three-bottom  plow.  Coul- 
ter equipment  can  be  furnished  to  meet  your 
requirements. 


Depend  on  the 
John  Deere  Nos.  5  and  6 

for  Real  Plowing  Satisfaction 

For  nearly  a  century  John  Deere  plows 
have  been  giving  real  plowing  satisfaction; 
their  exceptionally  good  work,  light  draft 
and  long  life  have  made  them  the  first 
choice  of  farmers  throughout  the  Dominion. 

When  you  buy  a  plow  for  your  tractor, 
you  are  especially  interested  in  getting  good 
work  and  great  strength  to  match  bigger 
capacity.  You  want  plowing  satisfaction 
of  the  highest  type — the  kind  that  is  as- 
sured when  you  hitch  to  a  John  Deere 
No.  5  or  No.  6  Tractor  plow. 

Now  is  the  time  to  get  acquainted  with 
these  heavy-duty  tractor  plows.  Read  all 
of  the  features  printed  at  the  right — see 
how  each  one  contributes  its  share  to 
absolute  plowing  satisfaction.  See  the  Nos. 
5  and  6  at  your  John  Deere  dealer's.  Write 
to  John  Deere  Plow  Company,  Ltd., 
Winnipeg,  Calgary  or  Regina  for  free  book- 
let, telling  all  the  facts  about  these  plows. 
Ask  for  Booklet  AH-210. 


JOHNSDEERE 


These  Features 

mean 

Plowing  Satisfaction 

Genuine  John  Deere  long- 
wearing  steel  bottoms,  world 
famous  for  scouring,  good 
work  and  light  draft — the 
standard  for  nearly  a  century. 

Time-saving  quick  detach- 
able shares.  Loosen  one  nut 
to  remove  share;  tighten  the 
same  nut  and  the  share  is  on 
tight. 

Heavy  steel  beams  stur- 
dily braced  by  bolted  and 
riveted  steel  braces.  Strong 
bar  at  rear  of  beams  is  further 
assurance  of  rigidity,  and 
steady  running  bottoms. 

Land  wheel  set  well  back 
just  as  on  your  sulky  plow — 
insures  a  steady  running  plow 
and  uniformly  good  work  in 
uneven  land. 

Long  -  lived,  heavy  ~  duty 
power  lift.  All-enclosed,  easy 
to  oil — dust-  and  dirt-proof. 

Pin  break  or  cushion  spring 
release  hitch  furnished  as 
regular  equipment. 

John  Deere  Nos.  S  and  6 
plows  are  made  in  3-,  4- 
and  5- bottom  sizes  with 
14'inch  bottoms  and  Z-and 
4- bottom  sizes  with  16- 
inch  bottoms. 


■  THE  TRADE  MARK  OF  gUALITY  MADE  FAMOUS  BY  GOOD  IMPLEMENTS  | 


30  (286) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


AprilTlBt'lMO 


Interests  of  the  United  Farm  Women 


How  Some  of  Your  Money  Is  Spent 

Protecting  the  Ptiblic  frcm  Adulteration  tbe  Work  of  the  "Pure  Food  and  Drug 
Department,"  and  What  It  Means,  Especially  to  the  Bural  People 


Ottawa,  Ont. 

Dear  Farm  Women: — 

There  have  been  many  times  at  home 
in  the  spring  when  1  have  wished  that 
the  days  were  thirty-six  hours  long,  as 
the  twenty-four  seemed  all  too  short. 
There  seemed  so  much  to  do,  w  ith  cooking 
for  a  big  family,  with  sitting  hens  to 
attend  to  and  with  the  planning  for  some 
work  in  the  garden. 

Just  lately  I  have  been  finding  the 
days  here  too  short,  and  have  wished 
that  they  might  prolong  themselves  so 
I  could  do  more  of  the  things  I  want,  and 
Bee  more  that  it  is  possible  to  see  here. 
Certainly  the  housework  is  far  from  as 
exacting  with  the  milk,  the  bread  and  the 
butter  all  coming  to  the  door  ready  for 
the  table  and  no  chickens  and  no  garden 
demanding  attention.  How  ever,  a  family 
does  take  a  little  time,  and  socks  and 
stockings  acquire  holes  quite  as  readily 
in  the  city  as  in  the  country.  I  must 
confers,  though,  that  a  great  deal  more 
is  spent  in  social  life  because  it  seems  par- 
ticularly interesting  in  this  city  with 
people  from  all  over  the  Dominion  as  well 
as  those  from  other  countries. 

A  Flower  Show. 

There  are  so  many  pretty  things  to 
enjoy  as  well.  Last  week,  for  instance, 
the  Horticultural  Society  had  its  display 
of  forced  bulbs,  and  it  was  a  pleasure  on 
that  cold,  windy  day  to  go  into  the  warmth 
and  fragrance  of  the  Ottawa  electric 
ahow  room  where  the  exhibit  was  held 
and  see  the  wealth  of  beauty  of  the 
tulips,  the  daffpdils  and  the  narcissi. 
They  have  several  of  these  exhibitions 
through  the  year.  Later,  there  will  be 
a  tulip  show,  followed  by  an  iris  display, 
these,  of  course,  from  outdoor  growth; 
later  still  a  paeony,  and  1  hope  before 
summer  comes,  the  rose  exhibition.  These 
displays  are  put  on  to  encourage  a  greater 
interest  in  and  love  of  flowers.  They 
also  offer  a  prize  for  school  children  to 
the  boy  or  girl  w  ho  has  the  best  flower 
and  vegetable  garden  and  writes  the 
best  essay  on  his  garden. 

Also,  there  was  the  spring  fashion 
show.  Now  I  can  not  exactly  pose 
as  a  fashion  authority,  but  I  thought 
I  might  at  least  have  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  the  pretty  clothes,  even  if  1  were 
not  buying  any.  A  nicely  dres^sed,  per- 
fectly groomed  woman  is  a  pleasure  to 
look  at,  -and  I  enjoyed  seeing  these 
models  parading  for  our  benefit,  with 
their  longer,  closer  fitting  skirts,  their 
new  little  sleeves,  their  ear  rings,  and  all 
the  carefully  watched  details  that  go  to 
making  them  look  their  best.  Then,  all 
througn  the  Government  there  are  de- 
partments of  interest  to  visit.  The  other 
morning  I  went  down  to  the  Pure  Food 
and  Drug  Department  and  spent  a  most 
interesting  time. 

Sometimes  I  think  we  do  not  realize 
what  the  Government  is  doing  for  us. 
We  grumble  at  the  expense  it  is  to  us 
and  because  we  have  not  seen  some  of  the 


results  we  had  expected,  we  feel  our 
money  is  wasted,  that  it  is  taken  from  us 
on  the  farms  and  spent  on  projects  for  the 
cities. 

When  we  go  into  the  work  of  a  depart- 
ment like  the  Pure  Food  and  Drug  De- 
partment, we  realise  that  perhaps  it  does 
more  for  us  country  people  than  it  does 
for  the  bigger  cities  for  in  many  instances 
they  are  now  getting  somewhat  similar 
departments. 

Dangerous  Patent  Medicines. 

For  instance,  it  is  in  the  country,  where 
doctors  are  more  dilficult  to  get  and 
money  to  pay  them  even  scarcer,  that 
the  patent  medicine  manufacturers  reap 
their  harvest.  One  needs  only  to  walk 
into  the  building  and  look  into  a  big  cup- 
board there  to  see  how  we  are  being 
protected.  Bottle  after  bottle  is  ranged 
there  containing  sometimes  only  an  ab- 
solutely worthless  preparation  that  would 
be  useless  to  the  purchaser,  or,  in  some 
instances,  containing  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  a  drug  to  make  it  unsafe  to  take,  as 
very  likely  to  cause  the  unsuspecting 
purchaser  to  become  a  drug  addict. 
These  have  been  sent  in  to  be  registered 
as  medicines  to  go  on  the  market  and 
after  being  examined  have  been  refused. 
Although  that  cupboard  may  be  the  grave 
of  many  ambitions,  it  has  no  doubt 
saved  many  other  people  from  an  earlier 
departure  to  their  grave. 

They  tell  me  that  fashions  in  medicjnes 
change  quite  as  much  as  they  do  in  hats. 
Just  now  the  inhaling  medicines  are  very 
popular,  the  popularity  no  doubt  being 
stimulated  by  an  intensive  radio  adver- 
tising campaign  in  the  State*  by  a  "va- 
por" company  which  has  its  radio  hour. 
None  of  the  medicines  are  allowed 
to  go  out  marked  "Cure,"  they  may  be 
marked  "Remedy." 

The  whole  of  Canada  is  divided  into 
districts,  and  there  are  inspectors  in 
charge  of  the  whole  country  who  travel 
over  their  divisions.  They  go  to  different 
parts  as  necessary,  but  the  ports  of  entry 
are  particularly  well  inspected. 

In  the  old  days,  it  was  possible  for  the 
housewife  to  know  of  the  food  she  was 
giving  her  family,  but  in  this  day  that  is 
qiiite  impossible,  and  we  find  the  De- 
partment here  is  being  most  energetic  in 
protecting  us.  Take  the  dried  fruits 
w  hich  we  use  so  much  in  the  West  and 
imjjort  in  such  quantities.  A  certain 
amount  of  sulphite  is  necessary  for 
bleaching  and  jjrotection  from  insects  or 
eggs,  but  too  much  is  detrimental  to  our 
health.  The  fruits  are  examined  when 
there  is  any  question,  and  a  chemical  test 
made,  and  if  too  much  is  found  the  fruit 
will  be  barred. 

There  are  microscopes  and  test  tubes 
and  ovens  and  acids  and  everything 
necessary  to  give  the  thorough  examina- 
tion the  foods  of  to-day  demand.  At  the 
moment  1  went  into  one  room  a  chemist 
was  peering  through  a  microscope  to  see 
the  amount  of  starch  in  a  sample  of 
ground  almonds.    In  another  a  test  had 


just  been  finished  of  a  few  score  samples 
of  seidlitz  powders.  Just  at  present,  too, 
a  special  test  is  being  made  of  ether,  for 
in  one  of  the  eastern  hospitals  there  have 
been  an  undue  number  of  deaths  when 
patients  were  under  anaesthetics.  A 
frigidaire  container  held  samplej  of  sau- 
sages waiting  to  be  tested.  One  man 
makes  a  specialty  of  examining  the 
different  kinds  of  jam  to  see  if  they 
are  as  labelled. 

Article  after  article  that  we  use  on  our 
table  is  safer  because  of  the  fear  of  this 
Department  that  has  been  implanted  in  the 
breasts  and  in  the  pockets  of  unscrupulous 
manufacturers  who  would  profit  at  the  ex- 
pen.^e  of  the  public.  Just  at  this  season 
of  the  year  in  Eastern  Canada  the  in- 
spectors are  getting  busy  over  the  maple 
products  and  protecting  the  purchasers 
from  being  exploited  there  by  substitu- 
tion of  other  sugars.  So  that,  after  all,' 
steps  are  being  taken  in  many  directions 
of  which  sometimes  we  are  unconscious, 
to  protect  both  our  health  and  our 
pocket  books. 

I  had  intended  going  on  to  write  of  some 
of  the  happenings  in  the  House,  and  I 
would  like  to  tell  you  of  some  very  en- 
joyable books  I  have  read,  but  this  letter 
is  already  too  long,  and  I  shall  close  by 
wishing  all  of  you  success  with  your 
spring's  work. 

Yours  sincerely, 
H.   ZELLA  SPENCER. 


I  Activities  of  the  U.F.  W.A, 

"We  are  busy  at  present  preparing  for 
our  concert  which  takes  place  on  Friday, 
March  15th,"  says  a  recent  letter  from 
Mrs.  W.  Rush,  secretary  of  Stavely 
U.F.W.A.  Local. 

Mrs.  A.  H.  Warr  recently  organized  a 
new  U.F.W.A.  Local  at  Gibbons,  in 
Sturgeon  Provincial  constituency.  Mrs. 
C.  Brumfit  is  president,  Mrs.  L.  M. 
Fraser  vice-president,  and  Miss  F.  Brum- 
fit secretary. 

The  March  meeting  of  Energetic  U.F. 
W.A.  Local,  Milk  River,  was  held  at  the 
home  of  Mrs.  J.  B.  Ellert.  The  business 
included  appointment  of  a  social  com- 
mittee to  function  for  the  next  three 
months.  A  dainty  lunch  was  served  by 
the  hostess  assisted  by  Mrs.  R.  Harney. 

"We  meet  at  the  same  time  as  the  men, 
at  the  members'  homes,"  says  a  report 
from  Mrs.  A.  W.  Johnson,  secretary  of 
Water  Glen  U.F.W.A.  Local;  "We  have 
separate  meetings,  but  serve  lunch  and 
have  a  social  hour  afterwards.  We  are 
having  a  basketry  course  in  May,  and  a 
baby  clinic  and  lectures  later." 

White  U.F.W.A.  Local  held  their  last 
meeting  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  G.  Had- 
lington,  sa3'3  a  report  forwarded  by  Mrs. 
M.  Coupland,  secretary  of  the  Local.  The 
ladies  decided  to  entertain  their  husbands 
at  a  social  evening,  and  also  to  send  $10 
to  the  deficit  fund.  After  the  business 
meeting  the  hostess,  assisted  by  Misses 


Apnl  1st,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A 


(2S7)  81 


Coffee  Value 


HON.  GEORGE  BROWN 

Through  addresses  (it  rurat 
settlements  and  articlea  in  hi» 
netcspaper,  the  Toronto  Globa, 
aided  Confederation,  culminat= 
ing  in  Canada* s  Diamond 
Jubilee,  from  which  Jubilm 
Ctijfee  is  natnedt 


EVERY  purchase  of  Nash's  Jubilee  Coffee 
in  the  big  five-pound  container  means 
extra  value  for  your  money.  Five  pounds 
packed  in  one  can  saves  the  cost  of  four  one- 
pound  cans.  Thus  we  can  give  you  exceptional 
quality  at  a  low  price.  As  an  inducement  to 
try  Nash's  we  make  this  extraordinary  offer. 
With  your  first  five-pound  purchase  at  the 
regular  price  you  get  a  well-made  reliable  clock 
for  only  59c.  Your  grocer  is  now  featuring 
clock  and  coffee  at  this  special  introductory 
price. 


JUBILEE  COFFEE 


NASH  TEA  AND  COFFEE  IMPORTERS 

165  Water  Street,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


NS-«-SO 


32  (288) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  l8t,  1930 


Hawthomt  and  Coupland,  served  a  very 
dainty  lunch. 

Mrs.  N.  C.  Nielson  president,  Mrs. 
Flora  Norton  and  Mrs.  Elva  Passey,  vice- 
presidents,  and  Mrs.  Maud  Fossey,  sec- 
retary, are  the  officers  elected  at  the 
February  meeting  of  Maprath  U.F.W.A. 
Local.  The  delegates  tn  the  Convention, 
Mrs.  Fossey  and  Mrs.  Nielson,  gave  their 
reports,  and  Mrs.  Inez  Bennett  announc- 
ed the  results  of  the  U.F.A.  and  U.F.W.A. 
drive,  which  brought  up  the  membeirship 
of  the  U.F.W.A.  to  44. 

Crerar  U.F.W.A.  and  U.F.A.  Locals 
held  a  sale  and  debate  on  March  7th, 
says  a  report  received  from  Mrs.  O.  1. 
Elgaaen.  The  U.F.W.A.  made  the  ar- 
tifles  and  candy  for  the  sale,  also  fur- 
nished the  lunch;  the  U.F.A.  gave  the 
debate.  The  topic  chosen  was  "Re- 
solved, that  the  co-operative  store  is  a 
beneft  to  the  town,"  and  Messrs.  G. 
Oberg  and  O.  L  Elgaaen,  on  the  affirma- 
tive, were  given  the  decision.  Messrs.  H* 
Farvolden  and  Willoughby  supported  the 
negative.  About  $27  was  the  profit  from 
the  lunch  and  sale. 


Ardenode  U.F.W.A.  Local  held  eleven 
very  interesting  meetings  last  year,  and 
finished  the  year  with  a  satisfactory  bank 
balance.  Mrs.  Ceo.  Dawson,  secretary, 
writes:  "We  held  a  baby  clinic  last 
summer,  and  we  are  having  a  basketry 
course  this  summer;  also  a  bazaar  in  the 
fall  to  raise  funds.  We  have  enjoyed  a 
number  of  social  evenings,  and  felt  our- 
selves privileged  to  listen  to  such  speakers 
as  Mr.  Carland,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scholefield, 
Mrs.  Price  and  Mrs.  Buckley.  Our 
members  are  proud  to  belong  to  such  a 
progressive  organization  as  the  U.F.W.A." 

"Our  Local  held  a  hard  times  dance 
in  the  Fe  Winton  Community  Hall  on 
March  14th,  when  we  realized  $26.95," 
says  a  letter  from  Mrs.  S.  .Tamieson,  secre- 
tary of  Fe  Winton  U.F.W.A.  "We  have 
sent  in  $6.50  as  dues  for  1930  to  the 
Macleod  Con.stituency  Association.  Our 
\ ice-president,  Mrs.  Heaver,  will  read  the 
President's  address  at  our  next  meeting, 
as  we  felt  it  would  be  most  interesting 
and  helpful  to  us  all  in  our  work.  We 
have  taken  advantage  of  the  Health  De- 
partment's offer  of  a  course  of  lectures, 
to  be  given  through  our  Local,  and  hope 
to  have  these  during  June  or  July." 

"We  all  enjoyed  listening  to  Mrs. 
Warr's  splendid  letter  which  our  presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Si.\,  read  to  us,"  says  a  letter 
from  Mrs.  J.  H.  Drysdale,  secretary  of 
Stettler  U.F.W.A.  Local,  "and  the  mem- 
bers voted  to  endorse  the  resolution  sug- 
gesting information  bureaus  for  the 
assistance  of  young  peojjle  moving  from 
one  district  to  another  in  search  of  em- 
ployment. We  also  decided  to  study  the 
situation  in  and  around  Stettler.  Our 
paper  at  this  meeting  was  a  very  fine  one 
on  co-operation,  by  Mrs.  Cash,  convener, 
who  attended  the  Institute  of  Co-opera- 
tion at  Olds  last  summer.  A  resohition 
was  carried  favoring  post  mortems  after 
all  operations  when  death  ensued." 

Good  attendance  and  much  interest 
have  marked  the  meetings  of  Gleichen 
U.F.W.A.,  held  regularly  twice  a  month, 
during  the  winter,  in  Meadowbrook  Com- 
munity Hall,  on  the  same  day  as  the  U.F. 
A.  meetings.  Arrangements  are  being 
made,  reports  the  secretary,  Mrs.  W.  H. 
McKeever,  for  a  lecture  course  by  Miss 
Davidson,  public  health  nurse;  also  a 
baby  clinic  and  a  sewing  demonstration 


next  summer.  A  sale  and  tea  will  he  held 
on  April  19th,  in  Gleichen  community 
hall.  "A  number  of  men  and  women 
from  our  Locals  attended  the  conven- 
tion of  Namaka  District  Association," 
writes  Mrs.  McKeever,  "and  gave  a  very 
interesting  report  at  our  last  meeting. 
Beginning  with  our  April  3rd  meeting, 
meetings  will  be  held  at  the  members 
homes  for  the  summer." 

A  copy  of  the  very  attractive  program 
of  Naco  U.l^.W.A.  Local  has  been  for- 
warded to  The  U.F.A.  Meetings  have 
been  arranged  twice  each  month  in  the 
first  three  months  of  the  year,  and  once 
monthly  thereafter.  Current  events  are 
given  a  place  at  each  meeting,  and  the 
conveners  of  the  various  subjects  of  spe- 
cial study  are  all  allotted  some  time. 
Other  interesting  items  are:  book  review, 
by  L.  McNaughton;  report  of  trustees 
convention;  debate  on  compulsory  pool; 
report  of  Federal  and  Provincial  Parlia- 
ments; debate  on  natural  resources;  life 
of  Hon.  Charles  Stewart,  by  Mrs.  Norton; 
life  of  Mrs.  Parlby,  by  Mrs.  Richards; 
life  of  Mr.  McOreajor,  by  Mrs.  Hedges; 
life  of  Miss  McPhail,  by  Mrs.  Baird; 
life  of  Mr.  Greenfield,  by  Mrs.  S.  Miller; 
life  of  Hon.  J.  F.  I.ymburn,  by  Mrs. 
Vaughan;  life  of  Mr.  Euler,  by  Mrs. 
Glenn.  Officers  of  this  Local  tor  the 
oirrent  year  are  Mrs.  Doolan,  president; 
Mrs.  R.  L.  Cross,  vice-president;  Mrs. 
P.  O.  Ratledge,  secretary. 

Mrs.  Needham,  delegate  to  the  Annual 
Convention,  gave  "a  very  interestinz  and 
comnrehensive  report"  at  the  March 
meeting  of  Lake  View  U.F.W.A.  Local, 
held  at  the  homo  of  Mrs.  Cameron.  At 
the  first  meeting  of  the  year,  the  members 
decided  to  hold  a  baby  clinic,  if  at  all 
possible,  and  to  secure  a  lecturer  on 
home  nursing  and  first  aid.  Plans  were 
discussed  for  a  bazaar  to  be  held  April 
12th,  and  remnants  were  distributed  to 
the  members  to  be  made  into  articles  to 
be  sold.  A  meeting  was  held  at  Mrs. 
Needham's  home  on  February  5th  to 
arrange  the  1930  program;  the  regular 
February  meeting  was  held  at  the  home 
of  Mrs.  Baillie.  "Beine  near  St.  Valen- 
tine's day,"  .says  Mrs.  C.  W.  Collins,  the 
secretary,  "her  house  was  tastefully  dec- 
orated for  the  occasion,  and  a  Valentine 
lunch  was  served.  The  roll  call,  'Your 
favorite  breed  of  chickens'  produced  a 
great  deal  of  discussion  on  poultry.  In 
former  j'cars-we  have  asked  each  member 
to  give  a  current  event;  as  this  was  not 
often  satisfactory,  this  year  the  members 
are  taking  turns  in  giving  a  paper  on 
current  events  at  each  meeting." 


"I  am  Rending  you  one  of  our  programs," 
writes  Mrs.  Earle  Graham,  secretary  of 
Namao  U.F.W.A.  Local.  "One  of  our 
Junior  members,  T.  Neal,  typed  them  and 
presented  them  to  us.  The  snapshot  on 
the  cover  is  Namao  Communitv  Hall, 
where  all  functions  take  place.  We  have 
been  holding  card  parties,  for  the  new 
piano  purchased  for  the  hall;  from  five 
we  realized  $53,  and  now  have  paid  $100 
towards  the  piano.  At  our  March  meet- 
ing we  had  a  grab  bag,  filled  with  articles 
made  from  flour  sacks;  this  brought  in 
$6.25.  For  the  April  meeting  each  mem- 
ber is  to  make  and  bring  one  quilt  block 
12  inches  square;  the  quilt  will  be  finished 
and  rafficd  at  our  strawberry  social  in 
June.  We  are  having  a  course  on  Home 
Decoration  by  Miss  Hutton  on  April 
12th."  Some  other  interesting  features 
included  in  this  Local's  program  are:  a 
debate,  "resolved  that  immigration  is  not 
beneficial  to  Canada";  discussion,  wooi' 


en's  place  in  polities;  discussion,  garden 
pests  and  their  control;  topic,  a  trip 
around  the  world;  a  Hallowe'en  party; 
discussion,  the  community  and  the  young 
people;  discussion,  benefits  of  co-opera- 
tion. A  roll  call  is  given  place  at  each 
meeting,  and  some  of  the  topics  are: 
gardening,  something  my  mother  taught 
me,  something  1  am  thankful  for;  the 
handiest  thing  in  my  kitchen;  favorite 
Bible  verse;  verse  of  poetry;  New  Year's 
resolution;  item  from  The  U.F.A.  Mrs. 
G.  Clark  is  president  and  Mrs.  E.  Sarais 
vice-president  of  Namao  Local  this  year. 

"At  the  March  meeting  of  Bow  Island 
U.F.W.A.  Local  it  was  voted  that  we 
send  the  sum  of  $15.00  as  our  donation 
towards  the  wiping  out  of  1929's  deficit," 
writes  Mrs.  Vasselin,  secretary.  "After 
the  meeting  a  few  games  of  whist  were 
enjoyed  also  a  dainty  lunch  provided  by 
the  appointed  hostesses." 


"The  U.F.A." 
Pattern  Department 


Send  orders  to  The  U.F.A.  Pattern 
Department,  Lougheed  Building,  Calgary, 
allowing  ten  days  for  receipt  of  pattern. 
Be  sure  to  give  name,  address,  size  and 
number  of  pattern  required.  In  some 
cases  the  customs  office  requires  payment 
of  seven  cents  duty  on  delivery. 


6756.    Girls'  Dress. 

Cut  in  4  sizes:  6.  8,  10  and  12 
years.  A  10  year  size  requires  2  5-8 
yards  of  35  inch  material.  To  trim 
with  lace  will  require  2  5-8  yards. 
For  bow  and  sash,  of  ribbon  or  ma- 
teri.al  3  1-4  yards  2  1-2  inches  wide 
are  required.    Price  15c. 

6743.    Ladies'  Dress. 

Cut  in  5  Sizes:  34,  30,  38,  40  and 
42  inches  bust  measure.  A  38  inch 
size  requires  4  1-8  yards  of  39  inch 
material.  For  contrasting  material 
S-8  yard  39  inches  wide  is  required 
cut  crosswise.    Price  15c. 


April  iBt,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


(289}  33 


Seasonable  Recipes 

By  AUNT  CORDELIA 


Potato  Cakes;  4  cups  mashed  po- 
tatoes, 2  cups  flour,  1  egg,  1  tablespoon 
butter,  2  teaspoons  baking  powder,  pinch 
of  salt.  Mix  the  potatoes,  flour,  salt  and 
bakiait  powder;  stir  in  the  beaten  egg 
and  the  butter,  melted.  Roll  out  one- 
third  of  an  inch  thick;  cut  in  shapes  and 
bake  on  a  baking  sheet.  When  cooked, 
aplit  open  and  butter.  Serve  hot. — 
Miss  G.  H.,  Calgary. 

Mystery  Cake :  Cream  together  1  large 
«up  brown  sugar,  }  cup  butter,  and  2 
«gg8;  add  J  cup  sour  milk;  stir  into  2 
cups  flour  1  teaspoon  soda,  1  teaspoon 
baking  powder,  1  teaspoon  corn  starch, 
and  a  little  salt,  and  add  to  the  flrst 
mixture.  Put  through  a  food  chopper 
1  whole  orange  (first  removing  seeds) 
1  cup  raisins  and  1  cup  shelled  walnuts, 
and  mi.x  into  the  batter.  — Miss  G.  H., 
Calgary. 

Maple  Gelatine:  1  tablespoon  granu- 
lated gelatine,  4  tablespoons  cold  water, 
f  cup  hot  milk,  1  cup  maple  syrup,  2  egg 
\vhites,  few  grains  salt.  Soften  gelatine 
in  cold  water.  Let  stand  five  minutes. 
Add  scalding  hot  milk  and  stir  until 
gelatine  is  dissolved.  Let  stand  until 
cool  and  beginning  to  stiffen.  Put  un- 
beaten whites  of  eggs,  salt,  maple  syrup 
and  cool  gelatine  into  a  deep  bowl,  and 
beat  with  a  dover  beater  until  stiff.  Turn 
into  a  mould  fir^t  dipped  in  cold  water, 
and  let  stand  until  thoroughly  chilled  and 
firm.  Serve  with  boiled  custard  made 
with  the  yolks  of  the  egga. 


"BOYS'  PARLIAMENTS" 

C  Canadian  Forum",  Toronto) 

"...  moralists  .  .  .  should  turn  their 
attention  to  another  form  of  youthful  de- 
pravity which  has  become  distressingly 
prevalent  during  recent  years.  We  mean 
Boys'  Parliaments  which  now  meet  during 
the  Christmas  holidays  in  all  the  Pro- 
vinces. Here  innocent  youths  whose  only 
weakness  has  been  a  tendency  to  fluency 
of  language  are  brought  together  by  the 
Fagins  of  the  Boys'  Work  organizations 
and  are  taught  all  the  vicious  arts  of  the 
modern  politician.  They  are  encouraged 
to  deliver  rhetorical  speeches  about  noth- 
ing in  particular.  They  pass  noble  reso- 
lutions which  they  v  ill  never  have  the 
responsibility  of  carrying  out.  They 
divide  into  imitation  'parties  and  hold 
party  caucuses  and  construct  party  ma- 
chines for  electing  one  another  to  oflfice. 
They  listen  to  sentimental  platitudinous 
orations  by  the  chief  professional  wind- 
bags of  the  Provincial  capital  city,  and 
are  taught  to  model  themselves  upon 
these  masters.  They  get  their  pictures 
in  the  papers  just  like  real  grown-up 
politicians  and  are  received  by  the  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor; and  after  this  course  of 
training  they  go  o  t  into  t  e  world  with 
heads  so  swollen  and  so  empty  that  most 
of  them  never  recover.  Any  educator  in 
our  higher  institutions  of  learning  will 
bear  witness  that  these  boy  orators  as  a 
class,  are  the  most  completely  worthless 
of  all  the  students  who  go  through  his 
hands.  Accurate  statistics  on  the  subje(;t 
are  not  yet  available,  but  a  fairly  wide 
investigation  leads  to  the  conclusion  that 
from  eighty  to  ninety  per  cent  of  thera 
are  aiming  at  public  life.  Fortunately  for 
our  country  most  of  them  never  get 
there,  but  end  up  as  Realtors  or  RQ^^fi«i,igtig 
or  both." 


McClary  Enameled  Ware 
Kettles,   80c  to  ^4.00. 


HEALTH  ware" 

utensils 


you  Should  Have 
in  Your  Kitchen! 

Why  not  replace  those  old,  bat- 
tered pots  and  pans  with  McClary 
Enameled  Ware  ....  the 
Modern  Durable  Kitchenware. 
Say  you  start  your  set  with  these 
four  pieces:  Kettle,  Sauce  Pan, 
Double  Boiler,  Covered  Roaster. 
By  and  by  you  will  have  a  com- 
plete set.  Your  day  will  be  so 
much  brighter  and  happier! 


McOary  Enameled  Ware 
Sauce  Pans,  30c  to  ^1.40. 


McCIary  Enameled  Kettles 
Modishly  shaped.    Nicely  balanced.    Built  to 
last.  All  sizes. 


McClary  Enameled  Sauce  Pans 

A  durable  surface  of  puce  porcelain  enamel.  A 
heart  of  the  toughest  steel.  In  all  sizes« 


McQary 
Enameled  Double  Boilers 
For  every  purpose.  A  most  useful  utenslL  Easy 
to  clean:  use  only  soap  end  v/atet> 


McCIary 
Enameled  Covered  Roasters 
Saves  money  every  day  it  is  used.  Saves  time, 
steps  and  worry,  as  well.  Several  sizes  from 
which  to  choose. 


ffClaiy 

ENAMELED  "WARE 


CLEANING  AND  DYEING 


Garments  and  Household  Goods 

aS  mSi  land*  cleaned  and  dyed.    Price   iat  ud 
information  upon  requeat. 

EMPIRE  CLEANING  &  DYEING  CO.,  Ltd. 
134-236  Twelfth  Ave.  West,  Calgary,  Alta. 


KODAK  FINISHING 
EVERYTHING  IN  PHOTOGRAPHY 

Return  Postage  Paid  on  All  Work 
We  have  been  doing  photographic  work  in 
Calgary  for  years  and  employ  none  but  expei  t» 
in  our  laboratoriea. 
Mail  your  work  <•>  W.  J.  OLIVER 
328a  Eighth  Avenue  West,  Calgary,  Alta. 


WHEN  IN  EDMONTON 
MAKE 

The  Corona 
Hotel 

"YOUR  HEADQUARTERS" 


Rates  that  Are  ReasonabI* 


34  (290) 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


April  l8t,  1930 


I  "  

U.  F.  A.  Junior  Activities 

Watchword:    SERVICE  Motto:  EQUITY 


A  Letter  from  Your  Secretary 

Dear  Juniors: 

Definition  Contest 

You  probably  have  noticed  in  March 
Ist  issue  of  our  paper  that  The  U.F.A. 
is  offering  three  prizes  of  $5,  $3  and  $2 
for  the  best  three  definitions  of  "The 
Aims  and  Objects  of  the  United  Farmera 
of  Alberta"  from  members  of  Junior 
U.F.A.  Locals.  Definitions  must  not  be 
more  than  150  words  in  length,  and  must 
be  received  at  The  U.F.A.  office,  Calgary, 
Calgary,  before  May  1st.  The  date 
originally  set  was  April  15th,  but  this 
has  been  extended.  We  hope  there  will 
be  contestants  from  every  Junior  Local. 
Efficiency  Contest 

I  wish  also  to  remind  all  the  Locals 
about  the  Efficiency  Contest  Question- 
naire which  will  be  sent  out  in  about 
another  month.  The  basis  of  the  con- 
test will  be  membership,  organization, 
conduct  of  meetings,  program  followed, 
development,  representation  at  Junior 
Conference,  the  U.F.A.  Convention,  and 
the  Co-operative  Institute.  Whichever 
Local  is  successful  in  winning  this  Effi- 
ciency Contest  will  be  rewarded  with  a 
very  beautiful  banner  in  the  Junior  U. 
F.A.  colors — blue  and  gold.  When  a 
banner  is  won  by  any  one  Local  twice  in 
succession,  it  is  theirs  to  keep.  The 
first  banner  offered  is  now  in  the  posses- 
iion  of  the  Dalemead  Local,  the  second 
belongs  to  Loyalty,  the  third  to  Waskate- 
nau,  and  the  fourth — whose?  That  is 
for  you  to  say.  When  the  questionnaire 
is  sent  you,  fill  it  in  to  the  best  of  your 
ability.  You  may  be  the  proud  recipient 
of  this  year's  brand  new  Banner  which 
will  be  presented  during  University  Week. 
Handicrafts  Competition 

We  are  also  attaching  to  this  letter  a 
circular  regarding  the  Handicrafts  Com- 
petition which  will  be  held  in  Edmonton 
during  University  Week.  I  think  you 
will  find  this  self-explanatory,  but  if  you 
wish  further  information  in  this  connec- 
tion, write  to  Miss  Jessie  Montgomery, 
Alberta  Branch,  Canadian  Handicrafts 
Guild,  University  of  Alberta,  Edmonton, 
Alberta.  The  prizes  are  really  well 
worth  winning,  and  we  hope  just  as  many 
Juniors  as  possible  will  compete. 
Membership  Contest 

And  don't  forget  the  Membership 
Contest.  Prizes  will  again  be  presented 
during  Conference  Week  to  the  two 
Junior  Directors  whose  constituency 
ihows  the  greatest  increase  in  member- 
ship. Get  your  membership  up  to  full 
Btrength  and  strive  to  win  a  prize  for 
your  constituency. 

We  will  send  you  in  the  course  of  the 
next  week  or  so  letter  giving  full  particu- 
lars regarding  the  Junior  Conference 
which  will  be  held  at  the  University  of 
Alberta,  Edmonton,  early  in  June. 
Yours  fraternally, 

F.  BATEMAN, 

Secretary 

Central  Office,  Calgary. 


Increase  in  Junior  Membership 

There  was  an  increase  of  212  in  the 
Junior  membership  for  February,  1930, 
over  February,  1929.  We  hope  the 
Junior  Branch  will  continue  to  expand. 


Do  your  best.  Juniors,  to  help  your 
Director  to  win  one  of  the  prizes  that  are 
being  offered  to  the  two  Junior  Directors 
whose  Constituencies  show  the  greatest 
increase  in  membership  from  June  1st, 
1929,  to  May  Slst,  1930.  There  is  just 
one  way.    Increase  your  membership! 

News  of  Junior  Locals 

"The  last  meeting  of  the  Harmony 
Juniors  was  held  at  the  home  of  Mrs. 
John  Yanik  with  eight  members  present. 
It  was  decided  to  hold  a  dance  at  Baptifte 
Lake  school  on  Apiil  25th,"  reports  Mary 
Dupilka,  secretary. 

Bessie  Alton,  secretary  of  The  Beavers, 
mentioned,  when  ordering  fourteen  Jun- 
ior U.F.A.  badges,  that  they  have  been 
holding  very  interesting  meetings  during 
the  winter  months  and  expect  to  have  a 
dance  in  the  near  future. 

The  Olds  School  of  Agriculture  term  is 
drawing  to  a  successful  close,  reports 
Emeline  Jones,  secretary;  the  Junior 
Local  there  has  now  89  members  enrolled. 
Recently  the  annual  pie-eating  contest 
was  held,  and  was  greatly  enjoyed. 

"A  meeting  of  the  Netherby  Local  was 
held  on  March  15th,  at  which  the  Juniora 
decided  to  put  on  a  dance  in  the  near 
future,"  reports  Rosanna  Corry,  secre- 
tary. "After  the  meeting,  the  Juniors 
went  skating,  and  latei;  the  boys  had  a 
boxing  match." 

To  meet  the  needs  of  the  very  young 
people,  Mrs.  T.  H.  Howes,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Hillside  U.F.W.A.,  has 
organized  a  Juvenile  Junior  Local  at 
Millet.  This  is  in  addition  to  the  Hill- 
side Junior  Local.  About  eight  members 
have  already  enrolled. 

The  first  meeting  of  Onoway  Junior 
Local  was  held  on  March  1st  with  seven- 
teen members  present.  C.  Armitstead, 
Sr.,  was  elected  supervisor.  Five  direc- 
tors, Phyllis  Ablett,  Doris  Armitstead, 
Kathleen  Longman,  Rose  Coates  and 
Charles  Longman,  were  also  elected. 

Jenny  Lind  Junior  Local  held  its  first 
meeting  on  March  1st  at  the  home  of  the 
supervisor,  Mrs.  Carl  Anderson.  Two 
new  members  enrolled  at  this  meeting, 
which  brought  the  membership  up  to 
twelve.  It  was  decided  to  have  a  St. 
Patrick's  play-social  some  time  during 
March. 

The  Pincher  Creek  Juniors  met  at  the 
home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Theo  P.  Neumann 
on  March  7th.  A  program  committee 
was  appointed,  consisting  of  Helen  Neu- 
mann, Adeline  Cyr  and  Victor  Kemble. 
W^hen  the  business  was  finished,  games 
were  played,  and  a  most  enjoyable  lunch 
was  served  by  the  hostess. 

A  meeting  of  the  Glenada  Juniors  was 
held  on  March  8th,  with  27  members 
present,  and  eight  new  members  enrolled. 
Each  member  answered  the  roll  call  with 
a  joke.  The  Juniors  are  planning  a 
mock  trial  to  raise  funds  to  send  a  member 
to  the  Conference  in  June.  The  meeting 
closed  with  gamwi. 


The  Freedom  Juniors  rented  Manola's 
Hall  recently  and  put  on  a  very  interesting 
evening's  entertainment  consisting  of 
three  comedies,  and  two  "comics"  fin- 
ishing the  evening  with  a  dance.  Forty 
dollars  was  cleared.  The  Juniors  were 
invited  to  put  on  the  concert  again  at 
Belvedere  on  March  14th  in  aid  of  the 
Red  Cross. 

Renfrew  Junior  Local  has  been  holding 
an  informal  debate.  Country  Life  vs. 
City  Life,  at  two  consecutive  meetings 
and  it  is  not  finished  yet.  At  a  Shadow 
Social  and  dance  the  Juniors  cleared 
$27.75,  and  at  the  next  meeting  it  will  be 
decided  whether  to  purchase  baseball 
equipment  or  a  tennis  outfit  with  this 
money. 

The  Burlington  Juniors  at  a  recent 
meeting  decided  to  get  up  a  play  and 
dance  in  the  near  future.  As  all  the 
members  at  present  are  girls,  one  member 
offered  the  use  of  her  home  in  order  to 
get  all  the  young  people  in  the  district 
together  and  thus  try  to  increase  the 
membership.  Plants  were  sent  to  two 
ladies  in  the  district  who  were  ill. 

Bismark  Juniors  put  on  their  annual 
rally  at  the-Ferrybank  hall  recently,  and 
the  Juniors  wish  to  thank  their  many 
friends  for  helping  them  to  make  it  such 
a  success,  and  thus  enable  them  to  send 
delegates  to  the  Conference.  The  play, 
"Squaring  it  with  the  Boss,"  was  greatly 
enjoyed.  Music  for  the  dance  was  pro- 
vided by  the  Ponoka  orchestra. 

The  March  meeting  of  Eastervale  Local 
was  held  at  Sugar  Bowl  School  with  fifteen 
members  present.  It  was  decided  to  hold 
a  concert  and  dance  on  March  28th. 
The  Sugar  Bowl  members  are  contribut- 
ing about  three  dialogues,  and  the  Easter- 
vale members  the  songs  and  musical 
selections.  The  Juniors  have  decided  to 
organize  basketball  and  baseball  teams. 

The  March  meeting  of  the  Moss'Je 
Juniors  was  held  at  the  home  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Davidson  on  March  8th.  Ten 
members  were  present.  The  negative 
side  won  the  debate,  "Resolved  that  the 
tractor  is  of  more  value  to  the  farmer 
than  the  horse."  Everybody  reported 
having  a  good  time  at  the  Junior  dance 
held  recently,  when  eight  dollars  was 
made. 

The  March  meeting  of  Conrich  Junior 
Local  was  held  in  Rockland  School  with 
22  members  present.  In  the  absence 
of  the  president,  Margaret  Johnston,  vice- 
president,  took  the  chair.  The  roll  call 
was  answered  with  the  name  of  a  Cana- 
dian author  and  a  book  written  by  him. 
After  the  business  was  concluded,  it  was- 
decided  to  go  skating  for  the  social  pari 
of  the  evening. 

The  aims  and  objects  of  the  U.F.A . 
were  discussed  at  the  March  15th  meet- 
ing of  the  Stan  more  Junior  Local  as 
quite  a  few  of  the  members  expect  to 
compete  in  the  delinii^ion  contest.  After 
the  meeting  Mrs.  Burk)n,  the  supervisor, 
taught  the  members  some  figure  march* 
ipg,  and  then  thf  y  practised  the  Eight- 
ibme  Reel  with  Amy  G.  Adams,  secretary, 
i^t  the  piano. 

"We  had  our  fit^t  real  Junior  U.F.A. 
meeting  on  Maich  12th,"  writes  Elsie 
Liddle,  secretary  of  the  Bobtail  Juniors. 
"We  have  now  thirteen  members  but 
hope  to  soon  have  more.  Mr.  Eastwood, 
our  leader,  exjutlained  the  priociple^  of  the 


April  1st.  1930 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


(291)  36 


Junior  Branch  to  us.  We  are  going  to 
hold  our  meetings  on  the  second  and 
fourth  Wednesdays  of  each  month.  We 
hope  to  send  one  or  two  delegates  to  the 
Junior  Conference." 

Cando  Juniors  held  a  very  successful 
concert  on  March  1st.  J.  M.  Turnbull, 
a  senior,  occupied  the  chair,  but  the 
program  itself  was  carried  out  entirely 
by  the  Juniors.  Marj'  Moore  was  in 
charge  of  the  musical  part.  Following  the 
program,  a  bountiful  lunch  was  served, 
after  which  the  seniors  played  cards  while 
he  Juniors  danced  to  the  music  of  Mr. 
t.  Stone's  accordion.  Twelve  dollars 
was  realized,  part  of  which  is  to  go 
towards  buying  soft  ball  equipment. 

The  Februiry  meeting  of  the  Bismark 
Junior  Local  was  held  at  the  Dakota 
school.  In  the  debate,  "Resolved  that 
the  horse  is  of  more  benefit  to  the  farmer 
than  the  tractor,"  the  negative  aide  won 
by  half  a  point.  Carl  Lee  gave  a  very 
interesting  talk  on  the  Annual  Conven- 
tion. At  the  March  meeting,  held  at  the 
home  of  Eugene  Bidinger,  five  new  mem- 
bers enrolled,  and  Archie  Lewis  was  ap- 
pointed secretary  in  place  of  Sarah  Deuel 
who  has  left  the  district.  For  enter- 
tainment, ten  topics  were  drawn,  and 
each  member  spoke  one  minute  on  the 
topic  drawn. 

"The  Chesterwold  Juniors  held  their 
regular  meeting  on  March  1st  with  a  large 
number  of  members  present  as  well  aa 
&  number  of  older  people,"  reports  Joy 
Crandall.  "The  program  for  the  evening 
consisted  of  some  real  good  comic  dia- 
logues and  songs  as  well  as  the  debate, 
'Resolved  that  the  horse  is  of  more  value 
to  the  farmer  than  the  tractor'.  The 
negative  side  put  up  a  good  fight,  but 
'Old  Dobbin'  had  too  many  good  points 
to  be  overcome,  and  the  affirmative  side 
won."  Chesterwold  Juniors  are  hoping 
to  have  a  debate  with  the  Bismark 
Juniors  before  spring. 

The  amusing  one  act  play,  "Mix  Well 
and  Stir,"  permission  for  the  use  of  which 
was  given  by  The  Country  Gentleman,  was 
presented  by  the  Arrowwood  Juniors  at 
the  Consolidated  School  on  March  1st. 
The  play  was  very  well  attended  and  the 
proceeds,  amounting  to  $45.  will  be  used 
to  further  Junior  work.  The  balance  of 
the  evening's  entertainment  was  arranged 
by  a  committee  of  the  U.F.W.A.  under 
the  leadership  of  Mrs.  James  Shearer. 
One  of  Arrow  wood's  most  active  mem- 
bers, Kathie  McLeod,  has  left  the  dis- 
trict to  go  into  training  at  the  Holy  Cross 
Hospital,  Calgary. 

Under  the  leadership  of  Mrs.  J.  G. 
Elliott,  Eclipse  Junior  Local  has  been 
organized,  with  fourteen  members.  The 
following  officers  were  elected:  president, 
George  Bennett;  vice-president,  Dick 
Rainforth;  secretary-treasurer,  Jessie  El- 
liott. An  appeal  from  the  Senior  Local 
for  aid  in  putting  on  the  program  for  a 
box  social  at  Eclipse  School  brought  ready 
response,  and  the  rest  of  the  evening  was 
spent  in  practising  a  chorus,  with  Mar- 
.garet  Maurer  giving  excellent  service  at 
the  piano,  and  in  playing  games.  The 
supervisor  and  hostess  were  very  ably 
assisted  by  the  teacher  and  three  U.E, 
W.A.  members  in  making  the  evening  a 
success. 

Beddington  Juniors  cleared  $120  when 
they  put  on  the  play  "The  Deacon  Sliij  s" 
at  the  community  hall  on  March  7th;  this 
sum  is  to  help  pay  off  the  debt  on  the  hul\. 
The  play  was  taken  to  Goldenrod,  a|od 


Are  You  Saving  ? 

Are  you  worth  more  this  year 
than  last?  Are  you  getting 
ahead?  Remember  a  founda- 
tion of  independence  for  your 
own  old  age  or  for  your  family's 
protection  is  your  savings 
account. 

This  Bank  invites  your  Savings 
Account.    Interest  added  every 
six  months. 

THE  BANKOF  NOV^V  SCOTIA 

ESTABLISHED  1832 
Capital  $  1 0.000,000  Reserve  $20,000,000 

Resources  $275,000,000 
General  OfRce,  Torontn— .1.  A. McLeod,  General  Manager 


^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^ 


^  ^>  ^  lib  iSr  189  iSr  Ob  Iff  tSr  ^ 


Do  These  Things  Count  Most  With 
You  in  Buying  Hardy  Plants? 


I  Are  you  more  fuuy  abont  the  packiog 
'  about  whether  the  plaota  are  field  gi 
or  do  yoa  want  to  be  sure  of  both> 


thai 
grown? 


Are  you  wflling  to  wait  a  year  for  bloom, 
do  you  want  to  be  sure  of  it  firat  year? 


9  Do  you  want  good  husky,  full-sized  clumps, 
*'  all  set  in  high  gear  ready  to  start  at  the  word 
go?    Or  are  yon  wnlting  to  put  up  with  less 
desirable    stock,    do    some    nursing,  expect 
some  losses,  iost  to  save  a  few  cents  per  piaut? 


A  Do  you  believe  guarantee  of  delivery  in  approved 
^  condition"  and 


THE  LACOMBE  NURSERIES 

LAC»MBE,  ALBERTA 


good 

on  time"  is  a  thing  so  often  claimed  that 
it  no  longer  means  anything?  Nevertheless  you  demand 
the  guarantee  just  the  same.  We  replace  free  any  stock 
which  does  not  grow. 

Well,  about  all  we  can  say  to  you  ia,  that  we  have  only 
one  thing  to  sell  and  that  is  satttfacUon.  If  you  don't 
get  a  full  and  running  over  nleasure  of  that  from  us,  we 
see  to  it  that  you  do.  No  one  has  an  equal  in  assortment, 
quantity  or  all-round  quality  of  stock.  This  sounds  like 
blowing.    But  it's  a  fact  too  easily  proven  to  tempt  exag- 

feration.    Come  look  over  our  nursery.    See  for  yourself, 
end  for  the  24  page  illustrated  catalogue  and  Planters* 
Guide. 

{Cut  on  dotted  line  and  mail  to  tu) 

Lacombe  Nurseries,  Lacombe,  Alberta. 
Please  send  copy  of  your_l930  Catalog  and 
Planters'  Guide  to: 


P.O.  Drawer  U. 


Tel.  No.  1. 


!  Name  

I 

1  Post  OflBce. 

i  o  • 

I  Province  


^3^THE  PROVINCE  of  ALBERTA 


OFFERS  YOU  THE  BEST 
PLAN  OF  SAVING 


4^^  Demand  Savings  Certificates 

Are  widely  known  as  a  High-Class  Investment 
Purchased  and  Redeemed  at  Par — Payable  on  Demand 


For  Further  Particulars  wriie  or  apply  to 


HON  R  G.  REID 
Provincia  Treasurer 


PARLIAMENT  BUILDINGS,  EDMONTON,  ALBERTA 


W  V.  NEWSON 
Deputy  Prov.  Treasurer 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


April  l8l,  1930 


the  Local  expect  to  put  it  on  at  Balzac 
and  Delacour  also;  the  proceeds  from 
these  performances  will  be  in  aid  of  the 
Local  funds.  The  cast  included  Misses 
Irene  Barker,  Elizabeth  Fairweather, 
and  Eva  Lewis,  and  B.  Evans,  N.  Grey, 
R.  Bridisen,  M.  Hornby  and  J.  Oldfield. 
The  officers  for  1930  are  Buster  Evnns 
president;  Norman  Grey  vice-president, 
and  Eva  Lewis  secretary. 

 o  

LEGISLATUEE 

(Continued  from  page  21) 

the  many  advantages  to  the  teachers  and 
to  the  Province  likely  to  result  from  the 
adoption  of  a  superannuation  scheme. 

C.  L.  Gibbs  thought  the  Minister  of 
Education  lacked  the  philosophy  of  edu- 
cation, or  the  consciousness  of  the  teach- 
ing profession  as  a  social  factor.  The 
contention  that  the  teaching  profession 
was  not  analogous  to  that  of  the  civil 
service  was  absurd,  because  if  there  was 
one  profession  which  did  fulfil  an  un- 
mistakeably  social  function  it  was  that 
of  the  teacher.  The  Minister  was  side- 
stepping. Mr.  Gibbs  dealt  with  the  heavy 
turnover  in  the  profession  claiming  that 
it  was  due  to  the  lack  of  provision  for  the 
future,  which  would  be  remedied  by  a 
scheme  of  superannuation. 

PREMIER  SPIRITED 
IK  DEFENCE 

The  Premier  replied  in  a  spirited  de- 
fence of  the  Minister  of  Education.  "If 
those  who  represent  the  teachers  of  the 
Province  had  as  much  of  the  philosophy 
of  education  at  heart  as  has  the  Minister 
there  would  be  a  great  deal  more  harmony 
than  is  apparent  in  that  profession  at 
present,"  he  said.  He  then  went  on  to 
state  the  Government's  position.  They 
had  given  a  great  deal  of  thought  to  the 
situation,  and  had  been  in  touch  with 
other  Premiers  to  find  out  the  results  of 
experiments  in  other  Provinces,  so  that 
when  it  was  possible  to  forumlate  a 
scheme  it  would  be  actuarially  sound  and 
free  from  the  pitfalls  already  so  apparent 
in  existing  schemes. 

There  was  not  one  on  his  side  of  the 
Assembly  who  did  not  concede  the 
theories  enunciated  with  regard  to  pen- 
sions. These;  had  been  debated  again 
and  again.  It  yl&s  very  hard  to  find  it 
necessary  to  say  no  to  the  increasing  de- 
mand for  social  services,  but  in  view 
of  the  financial  responsibilities  it  had  to 
be  done  at  times.  This  Government 
could  bring  in  some  kind  of  a  scheme  and 
get  away  with  it  by  leaving  the  mess  for 
future  generations  to  clean  up,  merely 
staving  off  the  evil  day,  but  thej'  pre- 
ferred to  keep  in  touch  with  the  situation 
until  some  scheme  which  was  sound  was 
discovered.  Then  and  not  till  then  did 
this  Government  choose  to  take  any  step. 
They  assumed  full  responsibility,  and  re- 
fused to  delegate  this  responsibility  to 
any  committee  of  the  assembly. 

The  Premier  then  controverted  the  idea 
that  superannuation  would  be  a  cure-all 
for  the  ills  of  the  teaching  profession. 
Much  of  the  turnover  in  teachers  was 
due  to  other  factors,  such  as  marriage, 
higher  paid  careers,  etc.  In  the  civil 
service  superannuation  had  not  fulfilled 
the  promise  of  all  the  roseate  pictures 
painted  during  the  days  prior  to  its 
adoption. 

D.  M.  Duggaa  affirmed  that  the  reso- 
lution had  served  its  purpose  in  that  the 
Government  had  accepted  full  respon- 
Bibility  for  any  action  or  lack  of  it.  This 
was  as  it  should  be.  He  went  into  a 
eemi-critical  survey  of  promises — promises 
by  previous  Liberal  Piemiers  and  Mini- 
sters of  Education,  that  they  would  con- 
sider this  question;  promises  in  1921  by 


the  present  Minister  that  when  he  ^ot 
settled  down  he  would  look  into  it; 
promises  by  Premier  Greenfield  in  1925 
that  it  would  be  considered,  and  so  on. 
He  took  occasion  again  to  remind  the 
Assembly  that  there  were  certain  indi- 
viduals on  his  side  who  could  guarantee 
certain  economies  in  budgetting  as  well 
as  certain  rearrangements  of  expenditures, 
if  certain  people  opposite  would  only 
accept  these  certainties  in  the  spirit  in 
which  they  were  offered.  He  was  op- 
posed to  the  motion  now  that  the  Gov- 
ernment had  accepted  responsibility. 

George  Webster  spoke  a  few  words  in 
support  of  the  resolution,  and  Mr.  Lang 
closed  the  debate.  A  division  followed, 
all  the  Liberals  present  voting  for  the 
resolution,  together  with  Chris  Pattinson, 
P.  M.  Christophers,  Andrew  Smeaton 
and  C.  L.  Gibbs,  Labor.  Messrs.  White 
and  Parkyn  were  absent  on  bu'^iness  at 
Cnlgary.  All  farmers  present,  together 
with  the  three  Conservatives,  voted 
against,  a  total  of  eleven  for,  thirty-five 
against. 

Legislation  covered  by  many  important 
bills  was  advanced  towards  the  final  stage 
at  a  very  rapid  rate.  Sitting  in  committee 
of  the  whole  assembly,  the  Legislature 
dealt  with  some  eight  bills  after  the 
subject  of  teachers'  pensions  had  taken 
up  about  an  hour  and  three  quarters  of 
the  afternoon  session.  Milton  McKeen's 
voice  announcing  the  number  marked  the 
committee's  way  through  the  work  with 
monotonous  regularity  for  the  remaining 
hour  and  again  in  the  evening  for  about 
two  hours  and  a  half. 

WETASKIWIN  CHARTER 
PROVES  CONTENTIOTJS 

The  Wetaskiwin  City  charter  provided 
a  few  mildly  contentious  questions.  The 
Labor  members  present.  Messrs.  Pattin- 
son  and  Smeaton,  challenged  the  Govern- 
ment to  stand  by  certain  principles  which 
they  maintained  had  long  been  approved 
by  the  representative  bodies  of  the  British 
Empire.  The  new  charter  as  provided 
by  the  bill  will  require  a  property  quali- 
fication on  the  part  of  a  candidate  for  the 
mayoralty  of  that  city.  The  Labor 
members  would  have  had  that  provision 
expunged.  They  contended  that  it  should 
be  left  to  the  will  of  the  people  of  the 
city  to  decide  upon  their  man  without 
the  restricting  clause.  To  the  statement 
that  it  was  the  expressed  will  of  the 
council  and  citizens  committee  of  the 
city  that  this  qualification  should  be  re- 
tained, they  replied  that  it  was  natural 
that  those  who  had  obtained  office  under 
those  restrictions  or  who  were  the  nomin- 
ees of  such  personb  would  not  voluntarily 
have  that  restriction  removed.  Mr.  Pat- 
tinson  stated  that  no  qualification  as  a 
property  owner  was  reauired  for  the 
mayor  of  Calgary,  and  thought  that  if 
such  a  city  could  get  along  without  it, 
surely  Wetaskiv  in  could  and  should  do 
the  same.  The  committee  appeared 
to  be  ffirly  evenly  divided  when  the 
vote  was  taken,  but  the  chairman  de- 
clared that  the  "Noes"  had  it;  so  the 
property  qualification  stand.s. 

A  standing  vote  was  reqtired  to  de- 
termine how  the  Assembly  divided  when 
Mr.  Smeaton,  the  member  for  Lethbridge, 
rnoved  with  respect  to  the  clause  permit- 
ting plural  voting  on  the  part  of  the 
"chiei  resident  officer  of  a  corporation." 
that  an  amendment  be  inserted  providing 
that  he  shall  vote  only  once  for  a  cor- 
poration and  then  not  if  otherwise  en- 
titled to  vote.  The  amendment  proposed 
was  taken  from  the  Lethbridge  City 
Charter,  which  passed  the  Assembly  last 
year. 

(Continued  oo  pace  42) 


McPHAIL  ON  ELTIOPEAN  TOUR 
(Continued  from  page  27) 
their  support  in  such  a  whole-hearted 
manner. 

Cool  Heads  Needed 

I  would  like  to  remind  you  before 
closing  that  when  the  majority  of  people 
are  optimistic,  when  they  are  inclined 
to  gamble  on  wheat,  or  stocks,  or  any- 
thing else,  it  is  a  time  for  the  sensible 
man  to  keep  a  cool  head  and  not  be 
carried  away  by  the  psychological  effect 
of  an  over-dose  of  what  is  called  optimism 
— I  would  say  foolishness.  I  am  sure  that 
the  same  thing  applies  under  conditions 
when  the  majority  of  people  are  feeling 
rather  pessimistic  and  when  there  is  very 
widespread  lack  of  confidence  and  uncer- 
tainty. When  conditions  look  the  least 
promising  to  many  people,  it  is  a  time 
for  the  sensible  man  to  keep  his  head  and 
not  be  too  much  influenced  by  either  ex- 
treme and  to  remember  that  the  saying, 
"The  darkest  hour  is  before  the  dawn," 
is  very  often  literally  true  as  to  economic 
conditions.  This  is  a  time  for  every  one  to 
go  about  their  business  with  cool  heads, 
not  allowing  ourselves  to  be  greatly  dis- 
turbed by  anything  that  happens  for  the 
time  being.  This  is  a  trying  time  to  the 
man  on  the  land  who  has  to  go  quite  a 
bit  on  the  faith  that  things  will  come  out 
all  right,  and  it  is  very  gratifying  to  learn 
upon  my  return  that  the  farmers,  the 
members  of  the  organization  in  the  three 
Provinces,  are  remaining  absolutely  loyal 
to  the  organization.  I  think  they  should. 
They  realize  now,  above  all  times,  that- 
the  pessimistic  and  critical  statements  of 
people  who  have  little  interest  in  the 
situation  other  than  the  possibility  of 
being  able  to  handle  in  the  future,  as 
middle  men,  larger  quantities  of  grain 
for  the  farmer,  are  made  by  those  who  are 
not  the  real  friends  of  the  farmer.  I  do 
not  believe  that  even  if  the  worst  hap- 
pened, the  farmers  of  this  country  will 
ever  again  be  content  to  return  to  the 
old  system  of  marketing.  I  am  more  con- 
vinced than  ever,  as  a  result  of  my  visit 
overseas,  that  that  system  is  doomed, 
both  here  and  elsewhere;  and  there  can 
be  no  consolation  in  the  present  situation, 
to  the  people  who  would  like  to  see  a 
collapse  so  far  as  the  co-operative  or- 
ganizations are  concerned.  If  such  a 
thing  did  happen  within  the  next  few 
years  the  consequences  would  be  particu- 
larly disastrous  to  the  old  organized  grain 
trade,  because  I  have  no  doubt  it  would 
mean  finally  their  complete  elimination. 

I  want  to  express  again  an  apprecia- 
tion that  I  really  cannot  find  words  to  ex- 
press, for  the  unstinted,  whole-hearted 
evidences  of  loyalty  and  support  from  the 
business  men  of  this  city,  as  well  as  other 
centres  of  the  Province. 


$250,000,000  TO  STOCKHOLDERS 

Approximately  $250,000,000  was  paidi 
in  dividends  to  stock  holders  in  Canadiani 
corporations  in  1929,  according  to  ani 
estimate  based  on  actual  disbursements) 
of  more  than  500  securities  listed  on  thei 
Canadian  stock  exchanges  and  otherei 
widely  held  by  the  general  public.  During; 
the  year  a  number  of  bonuses  or  extra, 
cash  dividends  were  also  paid.  In  thC' 
final  three  months  of  last  year  about 
$10,000,000  was  added  to  regular  quar- 
terly dividends. 

THRIFT  AND  THE  POOR 

The  doctrine  of  thrift  for  the  poor  is 
dumb  and  cruel,  like  advising  them  to  try 
and  lift  themselves  by  their  boictStE»p8. — 
^'<^^n1an  ThoTr.ns 


April  1st.  1930 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


(293)  39 


RIP  OUT  THE  WEEDS  WITH  A 


The  Frost  &  Wood  No.  4  Climax 
Cultivator  is  a  real  enemy  of 
weeds.  It  digs  into  the  soil  and 
rips  out  the  weeds,  roots  and  all. 

The  Climax  is  praised  very  high- 
ly for  its  sturdiness  and  depend- 
ability. It  will  kill  weeds  and 
cultivate  under  all  soil  condi- 
tions. There  is  a  size  for  every 
farm  and  for  use  with  horse 
or  tractor. 


Sold  in  Western  Canada  by 
COCKSHUTT  PLOW  CO^  UMITED 
Brantford,  Ontario 
Winnipeg  -  Segina  •  Saskatoon  •  Calgary  -  Edmonton 
Manufactured  by 
THE  FROST  &  WOOD  CO.,  LIMITED 
Smiths  Falls,  Canada 


The  Climax  Has 
Many  Features 

The  Patented  Depth  Regu- 
lator saves  power  and 
horse  fag.  The  Power  Lift 
saves  time,  points  work- 
ing independently  do  bet- 
ter work.  Heavy  Duty 
Drag  Bars  equipped  with 
powerful  coil  springs  pre- 
vent breakage.  Rigid  Angle 
Steel  Frame.  Variety  of 
points  from  2"  to  14". 
"  "  "  points  are  standard 


Just  Before  Seeding 
Clip  Your  Horses 


„  BOYD'S 
OICYCLES 

AT  LOWER  PRICES 

Tires,  Coaster  Brakes, 
Wheels,  Inner  Tubes,  Lamps, 
Bells,  Cyclometers,  Saddles, 
Equipment  and  parts  of  Bi- 
cycles. You  can  buy  your  sup- 
plies from  us  at  wholesale 
prices.  Catalogue  free. 

T.  W.  BOYD  &  SON  "''~ft*5?.?^R'SlE*-"' 


ALBERTA  GRIMM  ALFALFA  SEED 

Alfalfa  will  make  you  money  if  rJie  right  seed 
ia  used.  Do  not  buy  inferior  and  question- 
able seed  at  any  price  when  you  can  purchase 
ALBERTA  GROWN  GRIMM  of  knovrn 
hardiness  direct  from  this  association. 

We  have  on  hand  •  limited  quantity  at 
GENUINE  GRIMM  Government  Grade  No. 
*  seed  with  No.   I   PURITY  and  GERMI- 
NATION  which  we  are  quoting  at  26c  per 
oound  wholesale  and  32c  retail,  F.O.B.  Brooks, 
-Acka  free.    Sample  mailed  on  request. 
GRIMM  AI.FALFA    SEED  GROWERS 
ASSOCIATION 
Brooks,  Alberta 


They  do  more  work  and  do  it 
a  whole  lot  easier. 
Groomed  in  a  quarter  of 
the  time. 


Ask  Your  Dealer  to  Show  You 
STEWART  Clipping  Machines 


38  (294) 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


April  Ist,  1930 


■!fi 


News  and  Comment  from  the  Alberta  Livestock  Pool 


The  Lone  Wolf— And  Our  Interdependence— A.  C.L.P.  Appli- 
cation for  Two  Stop-oSs — Meetings  of  Shipping  Asso- 
ciations—  The  U.F.A,  Convention  and  Processing 


By  DONALD  MacLEOD 
Secretary 


"This  is  the  latj  of  the  jungle 

As  old  and  as  true  as  the  sky, 
And  the  wolf  that  shall  keep  it  shall 
prosper 

But  the  TColf  that  shall  break  it  shall 
die." 

"As  the  ivy  that  girdles  the  tree  trunk 
The  law  runneth  forward  and  back 

For  the  strength  of  the  park  is  the  wolf 
And  the  strength  of  the  nolf  is  the 
pack." 

—  Kipling, 

Under  favorable  conditions  the  lone 
wolf  may  be  able  to  eke  out  an  existence 
independent  of  its  fellows,  but,  there 
comes  a  time  when  his  very  life  is  chfl- 
lenged  through  the  lack  of  that  collective 
strength  which  only  lies  within  the  pack. 

Not  60  very  long  ago  we  of  the  Live- 
stock Pool  in  Alberta  thought  that  we 
could  go  sailing  along  without  any  con- 
cern about  what  was  being  done,  or  left 
undone,  by  the  rest  of  Canada.  Experi- 
ence has  now  taught  us  how  interdepend- 
ent we  are  one  upon  another,  and  the 
close  co-operation  that  now  exists  be- 
tween us  on  all  the  markets  between  here 
and  Montreal  has  had  a  tremendous  in- 
fluence on  hog  prices  during  the  last  six 
months. 

Our  various  Co-operative  organizations 
in  this  Province  are  btill  in  their  infancy, 
and  it  is  perhaps  quite  human  that  each 
group  should  be  so  deeplj'  wrapfied  up 
in  the  welfare  ol  its  ow  n  particular 
inlant  as  to  be  more  or  less  oblivious  of 
the  existence  of  any  other. 

Not  one  of  our  Poold  w  ill  be  an  enduring 
success  if  the  others  lag  too  far  behind. 
«    *  * 

The  application  of  the  A. C.L.P.  for 
two  stop-offs,  which  came  before  the 
Board  of  Railway  Commissioners  at  Cal- 
gary on  March  18th,  was  of  more  than 
usual  interest  to  our  shipping  assoeiations. 
Mr.  Chard,  Provincial  Freight  Traffic 
Supervisor,  presented  our  case  very  fully 
and  filed  with  the  Commissioners  detailed 
statements  from  the  Earwell  and  Castor- 
Coronation  Afsociationfc,  showing  that 
owing  to  the  present  frequeni  and  orderly 
marketing  ol  livestock,  the  one  stop-on 
privilege  does  not  enable  shipper*  to  make 
full  loads.  A  number  of  letters  from 
several  associations  were  also  submitted 
in  support  of  our  application,  and  Mr. 
Chard  contended  that  the  present  one 
stop-off  was  discriminatory,  since  Eastern 
Canada  was  not  so  limited  respecting  the 
shipment  of  livestock  and  several  other 
commodities. 

The  railway  companies  were  strongly 
represented  by  an  array  of  legal  and 
opeiating  officials  who  quoted  previous 
and  very  old  ruhngs  of  the  Railway  Com- 
missioners in  support  of  their  claim  that 
the  application  of  the  Pool  should  not  be 
grantea. 

The  Commissioners  manifested  a  keen 
interest  in  the  whole  matter.  Decision 
was  reserved  but,  if  our  judgment  is  any 
good,  we  are  due  to  receive  a  favorable 
award. 

The  wheels  of  justice,  or  whatever  they 
are,  grind  exceeding  slow.  This  matter 
arose  out  of  a  resolution  passed  by  the 
V.l.A.  CoBvsBtien  t«o  years  ago,  and 


since  then  a  mass  of  correspondence  re- 
lating to  it  has  passed  between  the  Pool, 
the  railway  companies  and  the  Board  of 
Railway  Cfommissioners. 

One  of  the  objections  put  forward  by 
the  railway  companies  was  that  a  large 
amount  of  time  was  wasted  in  connection 
with  stop-ofTsfor  which  the  present  charge 
of  $3  did  not  compensate  them.  It  was 
claimed  by  them  that  the  shippers  were 
not  always  on  the  spot  to  attend  to  the 
loading  and  that  at  times  the  train  crew 
had  to  look  for  them  ell  over  town. 

In  all  our  personal  experience  we  have 
never  observed  one  instance  that  had 
even  a  remote  relation  to  those  condi- 
tions, but  we  must  assume  that  the 
story  is  not  made  up  of  w  hole  cloth. 

In  our  own  interest,  and  true  to  our 
gospel  of  Co-operation,  we  must  see  to 
it  that  if  there  are  any  delays  they  shall 
not  be  of  our  making. 


*    *  * 


Might  we,  Mr.  Editor,  digress  for  a 
moment  from  matters  bovine  on  this 
page  to  welcome  the  return  to  your 
paees  of  that  "rural  rube"  known  as 
James  P.  Watson. 

We  got  quite  a  kick'  out  of  Jiinmy's 

lamentations  over  the  absence  of  "Wee 

Mac,"   not   to   mention   the  "bubbling 

Davy"  and  the  "unwanted  child." 
*    *  * 

We  understand  that  our  Federal  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  is  about  to 
launch  a  greater  production  campaign 
with  particular  reference  to  Livestock, 
etc. 

We  shall  withhold  judgment  until  we 
learn  how  this  is  to  be  accomplished,  but 
we  are  curious  to  know  whether  our 
greater  production  friends  are  prepared 
to  recognize  the  fact  that  the  present 
sj^read  in  prices  between  producer  and 
consumer  is  incompatible  with  greater 
production. 

We  are  not  prepared  to  say  whether 
that  unreasonable  spread  is  the  result 
of  huge  profits,  waste  in  operation  or 
costly  competition,  but  it  is  there. 


We  are,  therefore,  prone  to  fear  that 
this  greater  production  bird  as  our  friend, 
C.  L.  Gibbs  would  sa>,  will  finally  come 
to  roost  in  the  back  yard  of  the  primary 
producer. 

*    *  * 

Now  that  the  Central  Board  has  got 
into  its  new  harness  and  catalogued, 
so  to  speak,  the  tasks  that  lay  before  it, 
we  find  that  organization  work  is  as 
pressing  as  ever. 

Mr.  Claypool  was  present  at  a  well 
attended  meeting  at  Didsbury  on  March 
20th. 

Delegate  McCoy  gave  a  very  complete 
and  accurate  report  of  the  Annual  Con- 
vention. 

The  meeting  decided  to  form  a  Shipping 
Association  and  to  elect  a  board  of  eight 
directors. 

It  was  also  decided  to  put  on  an  ag- 
gressive sign-up  campaign  before  first  of 
April. 

Our  loyal  members  at  Didsbury  are 
now  handling  75  per  cent  of  the  previous 
contract  volume,  and  this  seems  a  very 
favorable  outcome  of  the  rather  un- 
pleasant experience  which  they  have  had 
during  the  past  year. 


The  Ribstone  Association  held  its  an- 
nual meeting  at  Hardisty  on  March  20th. 

The  attendance  was  very  gratifying, 
several  members  having  travelled  25 
miles  in  order  to  be  present.  Delegate 
Brockie  submitted  the  report  of  the 
Annual  Convention,  after  which  a  full 
board  ot  directors  was  elected,  with 
Mr.  Brockie  as  President. 

Mr.  MacLeod,  of  the  Central  Board, 
gave  a  brief  outline  of  the  Pool's  ac- 
tivities. From  the  enthusiasm  mani- 
fested at  the  meeting,  we  feel  that  the 
Ribstone  Association  will  greatly  in- 
crease its  numbers  before  the  end  of  this 
year.  It  is  proposed  to  extend  the 
association  from  Killam  to  the  Saskatche- 
wan boundary. 


STETTLEB  STSONG  FOR  PACKING  PLANTS 

Mr.  A.  B.  Claypool, 
Edmonton,  Alberta. 

Dear  Sir: — 

»  We  wish  to  advise  you  that  under  the  new  Contract  we  have  already 
160  members  signed  up  and  who  have  subscribed  for  266  shares  in  the 
Packing  Plants.  There  are  some  10  or  12  contracts  outstanding  which 
are  not  included  in  the  above  figures;  these  no  doubt  would  account  for 
an  additional  20  shares. 

In  our  estimation  this  sign-up  is  going  over  very  nicely,  when  we 
take  into  consideration  that  under  the  old  contract  the  membership  was 
168  members,  and  as  it  is  early  in  the  year  we  expect  that  it  will  be 
considerably  more  than  this  in  the  near  future. 

Yours  very  truly, 
STETTLER  DISTRICT  FARMERS'  LIVESTOCK  MARKETING 

ASSOCIATION, 
Per  E.  P.  Johnson, 

Secretary-Treasurer. 


April  l8t,  1930 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


(295)  39 


A  series  of  meetings  is  being  attended 
in  the  St.  Paul  district  by  Fred  Mc- 
Donald, second  Vice-President,  and  J.  H. 
Thompson,  the  new  manager  of  the  St. 
Paul  Association.  Jim  is  an  experienced 
shipper  and  all  who  know  his  previous 
record  are  confident  that  he  will  make 
things  go  at  St.  Paul. 

*  *  * 

The  Central  Board  has  been  continu- 
ously criticized  from  a  certain  quarter 
during  the  past  year  as  being  desirous 
of  rushing    pell-mell    into  a  processing 

Colicy  without  fully  consulting  the  mem- 
ership  of  our  organization.  Mr.  Samis, 
of  Mountain  View  Association,  while  ad- 
dressing the  delegates  assembled  at  our 
last  convention,  reiterated  those  charges. 
The  Board,  however,  was  relieved  of  the 
task  of  answering  its  critics,  as  many  dele- 
gates considered  the  charges  \ery  unfair. 

Mr.  Lovelock,  of  Alcomdalc,  pointed 
out  that  the  pros  and  cons  of  processing 
have  bten  discussed  at  the  U.  F.  A. 
Conventions  for  many  years  past;  that 
when  the  Livestock  Pool  was  first  formed 
it  was  thoroughly  discussed  and  under- 
stood that  processing  was  to  be  one  of  the 
Pool's  early  objectives;  that  the  U.F.A. 
Convention  of  1928  passed  a  resolution 
definitely  urging  the  Pool  to  acquire  pro- 
cessing facilities,  and  that  the  A.  C.  L.  P. 
Convention,  12  months  ago,  had  un- 
animously passed  a  resolution  definitely 
committing  the  Central  Board  to  enter  into 
the  processing  business. 
So,  that's  that! 

*  *  « 

The  burden  of  the  Manager's  report  to 
the  last  Convention  was  that  larger 
volume  means  lower  cost;  this  means  in 
the  first  place  more  contracts! 

Now,  then,  let's  hear  what  everybody 
has  to  say  about  the  Livestock  Pool. 
We  are  human  enough  to  prefer  praise, 
but  let's  have  your  opinion  anyway.  Cri- 
ticisms   and    suggestions    are  invited. 


Britain  Imports  Less 

Beef,  Pork  and  Bacon 

A  review  of  the  British  imported  meat 
trade  during  1929  shows  very  consider- 
able decreases  in  beef,  pork  and  bacon 
and  a  slight  increase  in  mutton.  The 
"  Meat  Trades"  Journal  states: 

"The  imports  of  beef,  fresh,  chilled, 
and  frozen,  last  year  amounted  to  11,- 
715,746  cwt.,  a  decrease  of  540,000  cwt. 
on  the  previous  12  months.  Nearly  80 
per  cent  of  the  total  was  chilled  ancf  20 
per  cent  frozen,  the  former  being  less  by 
260,000  cwt.  and  the  latter  by  243,000 
cwt.,  while  the  import  of  fresh  beef  was 
only  one  half  that  of  the  previous  year. 
Shipments  from  Argentina  alone  were 
9,060,324  cwt.,  or  77  per  cent  of  the 
aggregate.  This  was  352,000  cwt.  less 
than  the  previous  year,  and  two  and  a 
half  million  cwt.  below  that  of  1927. 
Uruguay  was  the  next  largest  sender,  with 
a  little  over  eight  per  cent,  Australia  a 
close  third  with  eight  per  cent. 

Mutton  and  Lamb 

"The  imports  of  mutton  and  Iamb, 
5,653,979  cwt.,  were  practically  the  same 
as  the  previous  year,  with  Argentina  and 
Australia  making  good  the  decreases  from 
New  Zealand  and  Uruguay.  New  Zea- 
land contributed  nearly  half  of  the  total, 
Argentina  being  second  with  27  per  cent, 
Australia  third  with  ten  per  cent. 

"The  Irish  Free  State  was  the  only 
Bender  of  fresh  pork,  but  unfortunately, 
her  shipments  were  less  by  91,000  cwt. 
The  arrivals  of  frozen  pork  were  on  a 


The  heaviest  wind-driven  ^  l««f|-f^ 
rain  is  kept  out  by 


drain 


'|winxTtx_drail|  Roofing  has  a  double  draining  channel  formed  by  the 
crimps  of  the  side  lap.  This  covered  runway  seals  the  roof  against  all 
possibility  of  leakage.  '  Iwin^tr^^drairj  sheets  come  in  lengths  up  to 
lo  ft.  with  a  covering  widdi  of  30  inches.  We  recommend  our  new 
"Led-Hed"  nails,  or  our  tegular  iM*  galvanized  nail  with  lead  washer 
for  this  roofing.  We  make  prompt  shipment  on  receipt  of  order. 
Stnd  dimensions  of  your  building  and  we  will  forward  quotations. 

THE  PEDLAR  PEOPLE  LIMITED 

Caloary  Offlee  -  1301  Tenth  Ave.  West 

Factories:  Oshawa,  Montreal,  Winnipeg,  Vancouver. 
Branches :  Montreal,  Ottawa,  Toronto,  London,  Winnipeg,  Regina,  Calgary,  Vancouver. 


It  Must  Be  Good  When 
So  Many  Buy  It 

TN  every  city,  town  and  village  there 
is  abundant  evidence  of  the  value  of 
life  insurance  in  sustaining  the  home 
following  the  death  of  the  husband  or 
father  and  in  providing  funds  for  the 
evening  of  life. 

Enquire  today 

Manufacturers  Life 

Insurance  Company 

PiEADOFnCB         -    TORONTO.  CANADA 


BISSELL  21-FT.  WIDE  DISK  HARROW 


Zerk  Lubrication.  Oon 
Supplied  Free.  Central 
Hitch.  Long  Steel 
Pole. 


MADE  IN  BOTH 

IN-THROW  AND    t  OUT-THROW 


Heat  Treated  Plates 
Last  twice  as  long. 
Does  not  swins. 


Sides  can  be  detached,  leaving  a  regular  14-fL  Disk,  or  can  have  sides 
-  furnished  to  make  a  21-ft;.  We  make  In-throw  and  Out-throw  Disks  m 
6-ft.  ta21-ft.  widths  and  Double  Action  from  6-ft.  to  16-ft.  wide. 

X  E.  BISSELL  CO.  LTD.,  ELORA,  ONT.  ToSNlEkREACE^ 


40  (29«) 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


April  let,  1930 


heavier  scale  than  the  previous  year  by 
nearly  50,000  cvii.,  New  Zealand  and 
Argentina  sendinp:  larger  eupplicB,  par- 
ticularly the  former,  whose  contrihution 
of  169,480  cnt.  was  more  than  half  the 
total. 

Bacon  and  Hams 

"The  imports  of  bacon  were  571,463 
cwt.  lese  than  those  of  the  previous  year. 
Denmark  maintained  her  dominoting 
position,  her  consijinments  again  beinj; 
60  per  cent  of  the  agnrepate.  Hollnnd 
was  the  second  largest  stnder,  with  the 
United  States  third.  The  bill  for  this 
article  is  £43,760,297,  an  increase  of 
£3,411,889  on  the  previous  year.  The 
Irish  Free  State  bacon  cost  1 128.  2d.,  Dan- 
ish 109b.  5d.,  Swedish  105s.  9d.,  Canadian 
1038.  8d.,  'other  countries'  928.  Id., 
and  U.S.A.  90e.  9d.  per  cwt. 

"The  United  States  maintained  its 
bold  on  the  trade  in  iiamn,  Canada  and 
'other  countries'  only  contributing  19  per 
cent  in  a  total  of  over  a  million  cwt. 
The  account  for  this  item  is  £5,473,273, 
the  average  price  being  lOtis.  4d.,  an 
increase  of  8.s.  6d.  per  cwt.  on  1928. 

"During  the  year  not  a  single  beast 
was  landed  from  Canada,  and  only  692 
head  came  from  South  Africa.  The 
Irish  T'ree  State  increa&e<l  her  figures  by 
25,000.  Arrivals  of  livestock  from  across 
the  Channel  included  749,570  cattle, 
584,631  sheep  and  lambs,  and  311,102 
pigs." 

NEWS  OF  WHEAT  POOL 

(Continued  from  page  24) 
marketing  as  drawn  by  the  ftld  man. 
Many  questions  were  asked  by  (he  grow- 
ers and  good  di.scust.ion  brought  out  w  hich 
took  in  a  general  review  of  world  condi- 
tions affecting  "present  prices  and  Pool 
methods  of  selling.  A  hearty  invitation 
was  extended  the  speakers  to  return  again 
at  an  early  date. 

A  Wheat  Pool  meeting  was  held  in 
Forest  Hills  community  hall  near  Char- 
bonneau  on  Miirch  tith  with  about  a 
hundred  in  attendance.  The  principal 
speakers  were  Cleorge  Bennett,  director, 
J.  P.  Watson,  field  servi(  e  man,  and  W. 
H.  Boyle,  manager  of  the  Edmonton  office. 
The  farmers  alj  expressed  confidence  in  the 
Pool  management  and  are  ready  to  stand 
by  the  organization  to  the  last  ditch. 
Mr.  Bennett  and  Mr.  Watson  answered 
a  number  of  questions  regarding  Pool 
matters,  and  those  who  asked  the  ques- 
tions were  satisfied  with  the  explanations 
given.  Mr.  Boyle  spoke  on  the  recent 
amendments  to  the  Canada  Grain  Act, 
explaining  the  car  order  book  and  the 
grading  of  barley  and  oats. 

—  o  ■   ■  ■ 

t/inws  Views 

Robt.  Rankin,  Vermilion. —  Believe  the 
Pool  is  doing  the  right  thing  to  hold  on. 

D.  A.  McDougall,  Greenshielde. — Best 
wishes  to  the  Pool  in  their  struggle. 
Stay  with  it. 

W.  J.  MacArthur,  WaterhoJe. — I  don't 
envy  you  your  po.siiion  this  year,  and 
although  a  very  small  producer,  I  wish 
to  place  on  record  my  apnreciation  for 
the  firm  stand  you  have  taken,  and  wish 
you  a  glorious  vindication! 

G.  W.  Pogson,  Barrhead. — Times  of 
crisia  like  the  present  call  for  what  Kip- 
ling has  named  "the  everlasting  team- 
work of  every  bloomin'  aoul"  in  our  or- 


ganiiiation.  When  the  slump  came  1  saw 
that  I  could  best  help  the  Pool  by  keeping 
my  own  wheat  in  my  own  granary  until 
the  financial  tension  eased  up  a  bit.  It 
is  all  there  now,  and  I  have  not  hauled 
a  bushel  yet. 

Saskatchewan  Farmer. — If  the  pessi- 
mists  will  only  keep  quiet,  the  economics 
of  the  world  wheat  situation  will  bring 
about  an  adjustment  of  supply  to  de- 
mand. Pessimism  is  destructive  of  con- 
fidence without  serving  any  useful  pur- 
pose, and  the  gloomy  ones  will  be  well 
advised  to  talk  to  themselves  in  the  quiet 
seclusion  of  their  homes.  They  can  do 
no  good  by  talking  in  public. 

Horace  Dunster,  of  Chinook,  Secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  Clover  Leaf  Wheat  Pool 
Local, has  forwarded  a  resolution  from  that 
Local  heartily  endorsing  the  stand  taken 
by  the  Pool  in  their  fight  for  better  prices 
for  the  Canadian  farmers.  Clover  Leaf 
Wheat  Pool  Local  is  one  of  the  largest 
Locals  and  also  one  of  the  most  loyal. 
The  resolution  was  passed  at  the  regular 
meeting  held  March  15th. 

United  States  Farm  Board  is  planning 
on  sending  agents  abroad  to  create  a 
market  for  the  wheat  it  has  purchased. 
The  board  is  making  plans  for  the  mar- 
keting of  the  next  crop  and  Chairman 
Legge  said  that  the  greatest  problem  is 
storage  facilities.  The  board  holds  more 
than  25  million  bushels  of  wheat  and 
this  may  be  increased  to  one  hundred 
million  bushels  before  the  winter  crop 
is  marketed  next  June. 


A  letter  from  E.  Scholkoski  of  Ar- 
drossan,  states:  "The  Wheat  Pool  mem- 
bers of  Wye  have  their  meetings  every 
week  in  different  hou'ses — they  discuss 
business  and  social.  February  18th,  the 
Wye  members  went  to  meet  the  Bremner 
members  at  Bremner  to  hold  a  debate 
on  whether  it  is  best  to  buy  on  time  or 
to  pay  cash.  The  decision  was  in  favor 
of  buying  for  cash,  put  forward  with 
sufiBcient  argument  by  Mr.  Bailey. 

J.  L.  Pugh,  Hill  Land  Farm,  Hope 
Valley. — I  wish  to  inform  you,  that  I 
approve  of  the  policy  you  have  followed 
in  marketing  of  our  wheat,  and  hone  you 
will  hold  as  much  as  possible  till  July, 
for  I  do  not  think  we  are  going  to  have 
a  very  heavy  crop  this  year.  The  Wheat 
Pool  is  the  most  economical  way  of  mar- 
keting our  wheat,  and  if  we  could  eliini- 
nate  the  big  8i>reads  in  the  pi  ice  of  wheat, 
there  would  be  no  need  of  a  compulsory 
pool.  I  hope  our  executive  officers  will 
try  to  obtain  the  assistance  of  other  coion- 
tries  to  this  end.  I  believe  it  is  in  the 
best  interest  of  the  producer  and  con- 
sumer that  we  have  a  fairly  stable  price 
for  our  wheat.  As  I  understand  things, 
each  country  tries  to  keep  its  currency 
at  par.  Why  not  have  an  international 
conference  to  obtain  this  for  our  w  heat? 
I  think  it  could  be  done  if  all  the  pro- 
ducing and  consuming  countries  would 
co-operate  for  this  purpose". 

 o  


TAKING  NO  CHANCES 

Lady  Driver  (who  has  just  knocked 
policeman  down) — Can  I  do  anything  for 
you — I'm  a  doctor — " 

Constable — Well,  mum,  if  you  sets  a 
leg  like  you  drives  s  car  I'd  rather  be 
excused. 


Boys*  and  Girls* 
Column 

Our  new  Indian  booklet  is  creating  a 
great  deal  of  interest  among  young  people 
who  have  received  a  copy. 

The  name  of  this  booklet  is  "  Meri-ka- 
chak — His  Message"  and  it  was  written, 
illustrated  and  printed  for  the  Manitoba 
Wheat  Pool  who  are  distributing  it  in 
their  Province. 

Mcri-ka-chak  means  "friend  of  man" 
and  his  tribe  is  the  Shan-a-macs,  which 
means  "the  pull-togethers." 

The  Shan-a-macs  lived  away  in  the 
north,  far  beyond  the  lands  of  the  Strong 
Woods  Indians,  beyond  the  Great  River 
which  carries  the  Dancing  Lakes  down 
to  the  Big  Sea  Water. 

There,  where  the  sweep  of  forest  over 
dale  and  hill  has  never  echoed  to  the 
footfall  of  the  Paleface,  where  the  birds 
and  beavers  of  the  Dancing  Lakes  have 
never  been  disturbed  by  the  clatter  of 
machines,  this  people  has  lived  for  gener- 
ations. 

All  the  secrets  of  the  lakes  and  woods 
and  rivers  are  known  to  the  boys  and 
girls.  So  well  know  they  the  simple 
secret  of  working  together  that  they  are 
called  by  the  name  of  the  Shan-a-macs. 

On  page  2  of  the  pamphlet  we  promise 
to  tell  further  stories  about  the  Great 
Chief  and  his  wonderful  tribe.  These 
further  stories  will  not  be  ready  for  some 
time,  so  do  not  write  in  and  ask  for  them 
yet  awhile.  When  they  are  ready  we 
w  ill  send  you  one  if  you  are  already  on 
our  list. 

A  number  of  children  have  already  re- 
ceived a  copy  of  this  booklet,  Meri-ka- 
chak,  and  any  who  have  not  received  one 
will  get  a  copy  if  they  write  to  the  Publi- 
city Department  of  the  Alberta 
Wheat  Poo!,  Calgary. 

Edward  Cook  of  Macleod,  writes  to  say  he  likes  this 
Indian  bookJet  very  much. 

Lloyd  Bittotf,  ol  Reid  Hiil,  says  the  message  of 
Meri-ka-chafc  is  very  interesting. 

Phyllis  Peterson,  Byemoot,  says:  "I  received  the 
very  nice  little  Indian  booklet  you  sent  me.  We 
think  they  are  the  nicest  little  poems  and  we  enjoy 
reading  them  very  much.  I  sent  one  of  ths  other 
booklets  to  my  little  auntie  and  she  says  they  are 
very  nice  and  she  likes  to  read  them." 

Barbara  Matlock,  ol  Champion,  had  written  for 
tvio  of  these  buoklets  as  she  plane  on  sending  one  to 
her  grandfstlier  in  Washington- 
Millie  Chuen,  of  Egremont,  writes  as  follows: 
"Since  we  get  The  U.F.A.  every  week  I  read  in  it  that 
you  are  giving  out  Booklets  to  the  Wheat  Pool 
members.  My  father  belongs  to  the  Pool.  I  go  to 
school.  I  am  the  fourth  in  the  class.  I  am  ten  years 
old.  I  am  in  grade  five.  It  is  two  miles  for  me  to 
go  to  erhoul.  The  name  of  uur  teacher  is  Miss  May 
Onischuk.  The  name  of  our  school  is  Ingleside. 
When  it  was  cold  in  the  winter  we  used  to  ride.  I 
have  two  sisters  and  three  brothers.  Two  of  my 
brothers  are  in  grade  seren.  It  is  pretty  warm  now 
and  the  roads  are'very  muddy.  I  hope  I  see  my  letter 
in  print  in  The  U.F.A.  magazine.  And  I  hope  I 
will  receive  one  of  your  Pool  Booklets. 

Clarence  A.  Bains,  of  Pibroch,  writes  to  say  he 
thinks  the  story  of  Meri-ka-chak  is  just  fine  and  he 
enjoyed  reading  it. 

John  McCarty,  of  Vegreville,  also  found  the  Indian 
booklet  very  interesting. 

Balster  Sctunalti,  ol  Beiseker,  says  his  brothers  and 
sisters  and  he  himself  hkes  to  read  about  the  Wheat 
Pool. 

Dalde  Marie  Peterson,  of  Byemoor,  received  a 
copy  of  Meri-ka-chak  and  read  it  through  along 
with  ber  sister.  She  writes  that  she  asked  her  baby 
tkTother  if  he  was  going  to  be  a  Pool  member  and  he 
said  "Ya-ya — just  bke  he  was  saying  yes." 

Esther  Violet  Johnson,  of  Heatherdown,  sends  us 
the  following  letter  and  clever  Uttle  poem:  "1  received 
your  last  booklet  on  'Meri-ka-ebak.  His  Message,' 


April  lat,  1930 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


(297)  41 


.4 


Too  many  trees . . . 

The  finest  timber  never  grows  in  crowded  sections.  Nor  is 
it  possible  to  produce  the  best  of  anything  else — including 
tractors — when  too  much  is  attempted.  It  is  wiser  to  do  a 
single  thing  well  than  to  attempt  many  and  sacrifice  quality. 


BY  specializing  in  the  design  and 
manufacture  of  power  farming 
equipment  for  nearly  a  century, 
Advance-Rvmiely  have  reached  an 
enviable  position  in  the  field  they 
have  made  their  own.  Rumely  in- 
terests are  never  distracted  from  their 
single  goal — giving  the  farmer  the 
finest  power  farming  machinery  pos- 
sible to  produce. 

Super-Powered 
OilPull  Tractors 
OilPuU  dependability  is  one  example 
ofthebenefitsobtainedfromAdvance- 
Rumely's  specialization.  It's  the  sort 


of  dependability  that  means  some- 
thing  to  the  farmer  when  work  is  a 
race  against  time.  OilPuUs  often  give 
four  or  five  years  of  hard  service 
without  an  overhauling. 

Super -Powered  OilPull  Tractors 
are  built  by  specialists  who  know  the 
need  of  tractor  dependability.  They 
have  30  per  cent  more  power — 20  per 
cent  more  speed — are  lighter  in 
weight  and  have  greater  handling 
ease.  All  the  time-proved  OilPull 
qualities  are  now  available  at  lower 
prices — made  possible  by  increased 
volume  and  improved  manufactur- 
ing methods. 

Don't  hesitate— 

use  the  coupon! 

If  you  are  interested  in  tractor* 
or  thinking  about  one  for  your 
farm,  don't  hesitate.  Send  in  this 
coupon  for  full  information  .  .  . 
today.  Ad vance-Rumely 
Thresher  Co.,  Inc.,  La  Forte 
Indiana 

CALGARY  ALTA. 
EDMONrON.  ALTA 


Super-Powered 
OilPull  Tractor 


□  DoAll  Convertible 

Tractors 

□  DoAll  46-mch  Tread 

Non- Convertible 
Tractors 

□  OilPull  Tractors 

□  Grain  and  Rice 

Threshers 


ADV^^NCE  -RUMELY 

Power  Farxninji^  Machinery 

ADVANCE-RUMELY  THRESHER  cfo.,  Inc.,  Dept.       .Address  neareat 
branch. 

Serviced  through  30  Branches  and  Warehouses. 

Gentlemen :  Please  send  literature  describing  the  items  checked. 

City     Prov   _  -  — 


□  Husker-Shredders 

□  Bean  and  Pea  Hullers 

□  Silo  Fillers 

□  Com  Shellers 

□  Combine -Harvesters, 

Hillside  and  Prairie 
Types 


»2  (298) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  l8t,  193(1 


•nd  niih  to  hear  more  about  bim.  I  bope  you  will 
■end  me  the  rest  of  bis  meseage.  I  bsve  written  a 
few  verseB  and  their  title  le  The  Wheat  Pool.  They 
reed  bke  this: 

THE  WHEAT  POOL  AND  MYSELF 
I've  read  the  Wheat  Pool  booklets 

With  the  greatest  of  enjoyment 
And  I  also  read  of  how  they  helped 

The  farmers  with  their  payments. 

I  read  of  the  great  Indian  chieftain 

Meri-ka-chak  was  his  name, 
And  how  his  tribe  of  PuU-togethers 

Left  a  great  undying  fame, 

I  think  that  reading  Wheat  Pool  storiea 

Sure  is  lots  of  fun. 
They're  also  kept  together 

Like  the  Indians  have  done. 

I'm  a  young  Wheat  Pool  member 

And  I'm  eleven  years  of  age; 
I'm  in  grade  six  at  our  school — 

Its  name  is  Pine  Ridge, 

My  father's  in  tbe  Wheat  Pool 

And  he  reads  The  V.f.A. 
He  has  joined  tbe  Wheat  Pool 

For  he  thinks  that  it  will  pay. 

The  reason  that  the  Wheat  Pool 

Is  so  great  this  very  day 
Is  because  they've  kept  together. 

That  is  all  I've  got  to  say. 


LEGISLATURE 
(Continued  from  page  36) 

Mr.  Sparks,  U.F.A.,  Wetaskiwin,  said 
that  the  people  of  the  city  had  been 
satisfied  to  have  the  charter  as  it  stood  in 
this  particular  for  many  years  and  felt 
that  their  will  should  prevail.  Premier 
Brownlee  was  of  the  opinion  that  except 
some  claufie  affected  a  fundamental  right, 
the  Legislature  should  not  remove  any 
agninst  the  will  of  the  city  council.  Lorne 
Proudfoot,  U.F.A.,  Acadia,  stated  that 
he  was  opposed  to  one  man  having  more 
than  one  vote.  When  the  count  was 
taken  it  was  shown  that  seven  other 
members  of  the  United  Farmer  group 
stood  with  him  in  that  position,  along 
with  the  three  Labor  members  present. 

The  evening  was  largely  taken  up  with 
the  consideration  of  the  bill  ''To  Regulate 
the  Working  of  Coal  Mines."  The 
document  consisted  of  some  fifty-nine 
pages  covering  112  sections  and  schedules. 
The  Premier  defiired  to  have  some  of  the 
more  contentious  sections  held  over:  so 
also  did  the  Labor  members,  who  by  their 
close  attention  to  the  clauses  of  the  bill 
gave  a  demonstration  of  tbe  working 
of  the  group  representation  theory  The 
three  men  present,  Messrs.  Pattinson, 
Christophers  and  Snieaton,  are  members 
respectively  for  Edson,  Rocky  Mountain 
and  Lethbridge,  and  are  familiar  at  first 
hand  with  mining  conditions.  The  Prem- 
ier showed  throughout  an  earnest  desire 
to  produce  a  workable  a(;t  which  will  be 
•p  advance  upon  conditions  prevailing 
hitherto  in  the  coal  industry. 

 o  

Assembly  Considers 
the  Gasoline  Tax  Act 

EDMONTON,  Mar.  18.— At  the  close 
of  the  session  this  afternoon,  following  the 
passing  of  the  resolution  on  Government 
ownership  and  control  of  electrical  power, 
the  Assembly  went  into  committee  of  the 
whole  and  considered  the  clauses  of  the 
Gasoiine^  Tax  Act. 

A.  Mntheson,  U.F.A.,  Vegreville,  ques- 
i^xwM)  %h»  msthod  "f  aollectin^the  gaso- 


line tax  from  users  for  industrial  pur- 
poses. He  thought  it  an  unnecessary 
expense  to-  set  up  machinery  for  the  re- 
turn of  the  four  cents  a  gallon:  and  that 
there  should  be  some  way  devised  to 
enable  farmers  to  pay  the  one  cent  per 
p:alIon  in  cash  at  the  time  of  purchase 
instead  of  tying  up  the  four  cents  till  it 
was  returned. 

Premier  Brownlee  said  that  it  appeared 
to  be  the  only  safe  way  of  collecting  the 
tax.  Every  Government  known  to  him 
had  adopted  that  method.  Any  other 
method  would  place  the  Government, 
with  respect  to  tne  collection  of  this  tax, 
at  the  mercy  of  the  purchasf're  and  the 
agents.  He  stated  that  the  Department 
was  now  in  a  position  to  make  the  refund 
within  a  calendar  month  after  the  pur- 
chase. It  was  evident,  said  Mr.  Brown- 
lee, from  the  increase  of  applications  for 
refund,  that  it  was  becoming  more  com- 
monly understood  that  the  act  provided 
for  this  in  the  case  of  farmers  and  others 
using  gasoline  for  industrial  purposes. 

The  debates  on  the  School  Bill,  which 
took  place  in  part  on  March  19th,  are 
dealt  vlth  elsevhere. 

Mines  Act  Piloted 
Through  Committee 

Age  Limit  for  Boys  Working  at  Surface 
Raised 

EDMONTON,  March  -20.— Many  of 
the  contentious  clauses  of  the  new  Mines 
Act  were  finally  disposed  of  by  the  As- 
sembly sitting  in  Committee  of  the  whole 
this  evening.  Premier  Brownlee  in  his 
capacity  as  Provincial  Secretary  piloted 
these  clauses  through  the  committee, 
ha  ving  brought  forward  many  amend- 
ments to  meet  objections  of  the  Labor 
members  made  on  the  Monday  previous. 
The  Premier  pointed  out  during  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  clause  dealing  with  the 
measurement  of  coal  that  the  act  w  as  a 
great  advance  on  the  statute  now  in  force, 
and  that  it  was  difficult  to  enact  law  that 
would  operate  with  equal  justice  in  all 
cases. 

It  was  unanimously  agreed  to  raise  the 
age  hmit  for  boys  employed  on  the  sur- 
face from  fourteen  to  sixteen  years.  This 
makes  the  minimum  age  for  boy  coal 
miner-j  the  same  above  as  below  ground, 
as  tbe  Labor  members  were  defeated  on 
Monday  in  their  attempt  to  raise  the 
below  ground  age  limit  from  sixteen  to 
eighteen. 

P.  M.  Christophers,  Labor  member  for 
Rocky  Mountain,  gave  to  the  Atisembly 
throughout  the  discussion  the  benefit  of 
his  more  than  forty  years  intimate  know- 
ledge of  coal  mining.  He  was  assisted  by 
Chris.  Pattinson  and  by  his  leader,  Fred 
White, 

The  Labor  group  were  defeated  in  their 
effort  to  have  the  act  changed  so  as  to 
make  payment  by  weight  compuhory. 
Thev  pointed  out  that  whereas  at  one 
time  there  were  only  a  few  mines  where 
payment  wac  made  by  the  cubic  yard, 
that  niimbei  had  increased  and  there  was 
danger  of  the  w  hole  mining  industry  being 
reduced  to  that  basis  of  payment  not- 
withstanding that  the  miners  had  put  up 
a  fight  for  payment  by  weight  for  many 
years, 

Mr.  Christophers  stated  that  one  large 
mine  manager  had  a^Jmiited  to  him  that 
twenty-seven  cubic  leet  really  weighed 
more  than  a  ton.    This  be^ng  so  meant 


that  miners  had  been  receiving  less  than 
was  their  due  for  the  past  twenty  years. 

The  Premier  said  that  two  difterent 
meetings  with  the  mine  inspectors  had 
been  held  at  which  this  had  been  discussed 
and  it  had  been  concluded  that  it  was  vnry 
difficult  to  get  away  from  the  measurement 
bahis  of  payment  on  account  of  the  con- 
formation and  construction  of  certain 
mines. 

A  number  of  details  were  left  to  be 
covered  by  regulations,  including  the 
matter  of  providing  that  ventilation  to 
the  amount  of  two  hundred  cubic  feet 
of  pure  air  per  minute  per  person  or 
animal  in  the  workings  shall  be  delivered 
"at  the  working  face." 

Mr.  Christophers,  backed  by  Mr.  Pati 
tinson,  drew  attention  to  the  fact  that  in 
bituminous  mines  the  presence  of  explo- 
sive gases  at  the  working  face  rendered 
this  provision  absolutely  necessary  and 
mine  operators  for  the  protection  of  life 
and  property  saw  to  it  that  the  pure  air 
was  so  delivered.  In  the  case  of  lignite 
mines^  however,  where  the  coal  did  not 
contain  these  gases  and  there  was  not 
that  danger  to  life  and  property,  "rooms" 
were  sometimes  driven  into  the  seams 
three  hundred  feet  without  any  cross 
passage,  with  the  consequence  that  there 
was  no  circulation  of  pure  air  and  the 
miner  had  to  work  day  after  day  in 
atmosphere  laden  with  smoke  and  dust. 

J'remier  Brownlee  agreed  to  look  fur- 
ther into  the  matter  and  to  provide  as 
far  as  possible  to  cover  this  need  in  the 
regulations. 

A  section  of  the  act  as  first  drafted 
provided  for  greatly  increased  penalties 
for  infraction,  that  for  the  case  of  owner8< 
being  five  hundred  dollars  maximum  and 
in  the  case  of  employees  one  hundred 
dollars.  These  were  cut  down  to  two 
hundred  and  to  fifty  respectively  and  are 
still  higher  than  under  the  existing; 
statute. 

 ,  o  

Assembly  Adjourns 
After  Heavy  Sitting 

Brownlee   to   Confer  With   King  t« 
Resources  Before  Legislature 
Reassembles 

EDMONTON,  March  21.— Grinding 
away  till  forty-five  minutes  past  the 
usual  hour,  the  Assembly,  with  almost 
a  full  complement  of  members  at  work,, 
put  through  the  legislative  mill  this 
afternoon  a  big  grist  of  new  law.  Just 
prior  to  six  o'clock  the  Sergeant-at-Arma 
was  seen  to  be  somewhat  uneasily  moving 
around  and  looking  anxiously  towardsi 
the  main  door  of  the  Chamber,  as  Miltoni 
McKfcn,  the  Deputy  Speaker,  guidedl 
the  Committee  of  the  Whole  through  tha 
first  few  sections  of  the  New  School  Act., 
Hon.  Perren  Baker  was  so  intent  upon 
the  consummation  of  his  work  of  many 
months  that  he  failed  to  note  the  Legisla- 
ture was  entering  formal  session,  till  the 
doors  were  flung  open  and  all  eyes  turned! 
in  that  direction,  as  the  Sen!,eant  an~ 
nounced:  "His  Honor  the  Lieutenant, 
Go\ernor."  The  Assembly  was  after- 
wards adjourned  until  April  2,  to  enable 
Premier  Brownlee  to  confer  with  Premier- 
King  upon  certain  matters  relative  to  the 
Natural  Resources  Act. 

His  Honor,  from  the  chair  upon  the 
dais,  gave  assent  to  some  thirty-seven 
bills  w  hi<  h  thereby  become  law,  together 
with  an  act  "Granting  Supply  Unto  Hiw 
Majesty,"  thus  providing  the  necessary 
aut(«ority  to  spend  monies  for  purposes  of 
Goveroinent.     The   entrance  aEfjJ  exit 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


Cockshutt  Disc  and 
Drag  Harrows 


Lever  Spring  Tooth 
Harrow 

Excellent  for  working  over  seed  beds  or 
killing  weeds. 


^^Diamond*'  Harrow 

specially  recommended  for  lighter  lands. 


Don't  handicap  yourself  with  obsolete  implements.  Keep 
your  tillage  equipment  up-to-date  and  increase  your  profits 
through  lower  produaion  costs.  The  Cockshutt  line  of 
Harrows  will  cut  your  operating  expenses  and  enable  you 
to  do  a  better  job  at  the  same  time.  It  includes  Disc 
Harrows  for  horses  and  traaor  and  Drag  Harrows  in  a 
variety  of  styles  and  sizes.  There  is  a  model  exactly  suited 
to  youi  requirements. 


No.  6  Tractor  Disc  Harrow 

A  specially  built  tractor  harrow  of  steel  construction,  with 
ample  weight  and  strength  for  its  work.  Saew  lever  per- 
mits adjustments  to  be  made  from  tractor  seat.  Discs  are 
of  highest  quality  steel  properly  shaped  and  sharpened  with 
cleaners  to  prevent  clogging.  Dust  proof  baU  bearings^ 
"Alemite"  lubrication.  Made  in  7-ft.,  8-ft.  and  lO-ft.  sizes! 


Cockshutt  No.  9,  24-Ct.  l^de  Disc  Harrow  fior  Tractor 

Invalxiable  to  the  man  with  big  acreage  for  preparing  the  seed  brd  or  for  summer  fallowing.  Will  cover  125 
acres  per  day.  Also  built  in  12  ft.,  l6-fr.  and  lo  ft.  sizes  for  either  horses  or  traaor.  Strong  frame  construction, 
centralized  control— only  two  levers  or  screws.  Gangs  mounted  flexibly  to  follow  lay  of  land.  High-grade 
ball  bearings,  "Alemite"  lubrication.    Good  capacity  weight  boxes. 

Ask  the  nearest  Cockshutt  Dealer  or  write  the  nearest  Branch  for  full  information. 

COCKSHUTT  PLOW  COMPANY,  UMITED 


WINNIPEG 


REGINA 


SASKATOON 


CALGARY 


EDMONTON 


'Cockshutt  Implements  Make  Farming  Pay  Better.' 


304 


flTWCIDE 


Learn  now  how  to  kill  those  weeds. 
Do  not  wait  till  weeds  have  your 
crops  in  their  strangling  clutches. 
Stamp  them  out  in  their  early  stages 
with  Atlacide  (Non-Poisonous.) 

Sure  death  to  Canada  Thistle,  Sow 
Thistle,  and  other  crop  destroying 
weeds.  Do  not  wait  but  get  the 
facts  now     Write  direct  to 

CHIPMAN  CHEMICALS  LTD. 
Saskatoon    Winnipeg  Edmonton 


Kills  those  weeds 


Heals  Harness  Galls 

Absorbine  quickly  and  thoroughly  heala 
liarness  galls,  sores,  cuts,  boot  chafes  and  other 
lacerations  silff  ered  by  horses.  Absorbine  Is  also 
,a  powerful  antiseptic  will  not  blister  or  remove 
■hair — and  the  horse  can  be  worked  during 
itreattnent.  It  is  both  economical  and  safe. 
Booklet  on  the  horse  sent  free.  $2.50  per  bottle, 
at  druggists  or  general  merchants.  73 
WV.  F.  Young,  Inc.  Lyman  Bldg,.  Montreal 


Jf  ■  Swellings 


Creamery  wants  to  sell  on  contract  tor  2-3  years 
approximately  (50.000  gallon,  of  BUTTERMILK 
annually,  to  responsible  party  able  to  finance  up 
to  400  Hogs.  Price  5-7  cents  ner  100  lbs.  ot 
Buttermilk,  according  to  price  of  Hogs. 

Apply 

MEADOW  CREAMERY  CO.,  LTD. 

Alix.  Alta, 


P 


Dapt.  148 


A  T  E  N  T  S 

A  List  of  "Wanted  Inventiona"  rad  FuU 
iDiormation     Sent     Free     oo  Request.. 
THE  RAMSEY  CO. 
273  Bank  Street       Ottawa.  Ont. 


44  fSOO) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  Ist,  1930 


of  His  Honor  in  ciVilian  gBrb,  preceded 
by  AB  aide,  in  like  dress  and  hatlest, 
wae  devoid  of  that  pomp  which  marka 
the  formal  opening  and  closing  of  the 
Legiblature.  The  simple  prey  fedora  of 
Bis  Honor  looked  somewhat  strange  as, 
seated  in  the  big  chair,  he  raised  it  in 
assent  and  replaced  it  upon  his  head. 
The  cockade  of  the  more  formal  occasion 
aecms  to  fit  into  the  picture  better. 

The  vicp-repsl  visit  was  the  one  event 
of  an  otherwise  monotonous  afternoon. 
A  long  list  of  third  readings  is  about  as 
mechanical  a  process  as  could  he  devised. 
The-steady  rising  and  being  seated  in  sue- 
cession  of  the  Clerk,  a  Minister,  and  Mr. 
Speaker,  announcing  the  number  of  the 
bill,  naming  it,  moving  it,  putting  the 
question,  receiving  the  assent,  declaring 
it  "now  read  the  third  time,  provide! 
little  excitement. 

PrPLIC  ACCOUNTS 
COMMITTEE  REPORTS 

The  work  of  the  afternoon  commenced 
with  the  report  of  the  Public  Accounts 
committee  presented  by  Lorne  Proud- 
foot  in  the  ab.cpnce  of  the  chairmau,  Mr. 
Strinpham.  The  report,  whi<h,  while  ad- 
nittitig  irregularities  in  the  Donatville 
case,  recites  the  steps  taken  by  the 
Government  to  rectify  things  when  the 
attention  of  the  Provincial  Treasurer 
bad  been  drawn  to  the  matter,  and  placed 
no  bis  me  upon  the  Government,  caused 
no  discussion.  George  Webster,  Liberal, 
Calgary,  gave  notice  of  debate  upon  the 
subject  and  was  recognized  by  the 
Speaker. 

Among  the  many  acts  passed  was  the 
Optometry  Act,  which  hnd  caused  some 
discusfvion  during  committee.  Hon. 
George  Hoadley,  who  had  presented  the 
bill^  withdrew  the  whole  of  Clause  Two, 
which  defines  the  practice  of  optometry 
and  made  it  possible  by  a  subsection  re- 
specting "opthaimic  lenses"  that  one 
requiring  a  magnifying  glass  of  anv  kind 
might  be  charged  with  breaking  tlie  law 
unless  he  had  first  secured  the  necessary 
prescription  from  a  person  authorized 
under  the  laws  of  the  Province  to  prac- 
tice either  optometry,  medicine  or  sur- 
ger.v. 

CHANGES  IN  CONSTITUENCIES 
ADOPTED 

The  new  Legislative  Assembly  Act  pass- 
ed w  ithout  discussion,  it  being  recognized, 
as  W.  Farquharson,  U.F.A.,  Ribstone, 
said  in  answer  to  a  question  by  Mr, 
Shaw,  that  if  the  matter  of  constituency 
boundaries  were  opened  at  all  an  inter- 
minable discussion  would  inevitably  fol- 
low, Mr.  Farcjuharson  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  which  after  many  labors 

§ resented  the  bill  to  the  Assembly.  Mr. 
haw  regarded  the  double  names  in  the 
cases  of  Okotoks-High  River  and  Nan- 
toB-Claresholm  as  anomalous,  and  won- 
dered if  there  was  any  thought  of  adopt- 
ing the  suggestion  in  the  case  of  the 
former  that  the  name  be  "Henfrew" 
after  the  incognito  of  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
whose  famous  ranch  is  within  the  con- 
stituency. Mr.  Hoadley  said  in  rejily  that 
be  bad  heard  discussion  of  the  name 
"Princeton";  but  doubtless  these  matters 
would  adjust  themselves  with  time. 

Mr.  Duggan,  while  giving  credit  to  the 
committee  for  having  accomplished  so 
much,  thought  that  the  terms  of  the 
resolution  setting  up  the  committee  were 
too  restrictive  and  that  many  injustices 
•till  existed.  Though  the  two  larger 
cities  had  received  an  additional  member 
•aeh,  he  said,  the  six  cities  of  the  Province 
were  represented  in  the  Assembly  by 
oi»ly  fourteen  persons,  and  that  the  rural 
ridiogs-had  forty-six  members,  though  out 
af  •  total  vote^of,^123,247  the  U.F.A. 


had  only  polled  65,198  votes  for  forty 
members.  He  would  arrange  the  ridings 
so  as  to  provide  greater  equity:  though  he 
admitted  that  whatever  tee  system 
of  voting  the  farmer  vote  would  dominate 
at  the  present  stage  of  the  development 
of  the  Province.  He  noted  that  the 
Premier  had  recently  spoken  of  counties 
or  larger  areas  of  representation,  and  was 
convinced  thnt  the  sooner  this  problem 
was  approached  and  settled,  the  better 
for  all  concerned, 

SHOULD  CONSIDER 
AREA,   STATES  BUCKLEY 

Mr.  Duggan's  remarks  brought  John 
Buckley,  U.F.A.,  Gleichen,  to  his  feet  to 
remind  the  opposition  that  if  any  in- 
justice had  been  done  anyone  by  the 
bill  it  had  been  done  to  the  U.F.A.  memr 
bers.  The  cities  had  been  given  extra 
members.  Area  should  be  considered 
as  well  as  population.  A  city  member 
could  get  into  a  street  car  and  go  with 
practically  no  expense  and  little  loss  of 
time  to  do  the  work  of  his  constituency. 
Every  rural  representntive  travelled  many 
miles  at  his  own  expense,  which  was  not 
inconsiderable.  He  thought  that  a  mea- 
sure of  justice  might  have  been  done  in 
this  respeit  at  least  if  the  indemnity 
of  the  city  members  had  been  cut  to 
one-fourth  of  the  present  sum. 

The  Prumheller  Charter  held  up  the 
committee  for  quite  a  while.  With  the 
consent  of  Mr.  Brownlce,  the  sum  of  $10 
which  the  bill  proposed  to  substitute  for 
$4,  as  a  poll  tax  for  school  purposes  in  the 
new  orflinance,  was  reduced  to  $6.  It 
was  poitited  out  by  Mr.  Claypool  that 
the  town  had  a  population  w  hich  fluc- 
tiiated  greatly  ana  that  the  town  council 
thought  to  make  the  transient  elements 
of  the  population  contribute  more  to  the 
support  of  the  schools,  the  mill  rate  for 
schools  being  at  present  .26.  He  stated 
that  of  the  six  councillors  two  were  coal 
miners  and  one  a  railroad  worker,  and 
felt  sure  that  working-class  interests 
would  be  protected.  He  did  not  think 
the  council  would  impose  the  maximum, 
Messrs.  White  and  Smeaton  contended 
that  the  period  of  residence  rendering  lia- 
bility to  the  poll  tax,  should  be  raised 
from  one  month  to  two;  and  this  was 
agreed;  but  they  lost  by  one  vote  in  their 
endeavour  to  have  the  amount  kept  at 
$4.00,  They  were  successful  in  their 
later  motion  for  the  intermediate  sum, 
by  a  vote  of  more  than  four  to  one. 

The  contentious  half-holiday  clause 
held  up  the  passing  of  the  emendments  to 
the  Edmonton  City  Charter;  and  the 
Mines  A'-t  .  was  kept  in  committee; 
though  an  important  decision  was  made 
with  respect  to  the  days  of  pay.  Instead 
of  the  weekly  pay  day  sought  by  the 
Labor  members,  a  compromise  was  effect- 
ed through  an  amendment  of  the  Prem- 
ier's setting  the  pay  days  as  follows: 
For  the  first  fifteen  days  of  the  month,  on 
the  23rd  day,  for  the  days  from  the  six- 
teenth to  the  end  of  the  month,  on  the 
eighth  day  of  the  month  succecdine,  and 
on  the  preceding  day  when  either  of  these 
days  falls  on  a  holiday,  or  Sunday. 

ASSURANCES  RE  RESOURCES 
FROM  PRIME  MINISTER 

After  the  Lieutenant-Governor  had  re- 
tired, members  continued  con.->ideration 
of  the  New  Pchool  Bill,  allowing  the  con- 
tentious clauses  to  stand. 

The  Assem()ly  then  adjourned  to 
assemble  again  on  the  afternoon  of  April 
2nd  to  finish  the  work.  Mr.  Brownlee 
announced  that  he  had  had  conversation 
over  the  phone  with  the  Prime  Minister, 
and  had  been  assured  that  any  benefits 
bestowed  upop  Saskatchewan  by  amend- 
ments to  the  Natural  RsBources  Act„ 


which  was  being  signed  by  the  Dominion 
Government  and  forwarded  to  Sas* 
katchewan  that  day,  would  also  be  given 
to  Alberta.  The  Act  would  be  signed 
by  the  Saskatchewan  Government  early 
in  the  following  week  and  would  then  be 
made  public. 

In  closing,  Premier  Brownlee  stated 
that  in  addition  to  the  delay  caused  by 
the  Natural  Resources  Act,  the  adjourn- 
ment had  been  made  necessary  bv  the 
illness  of  the  Minister  of  Public  Workt 
Hon.  O.  L.  M'  Plicrson,  having  causp<l 
himself  some  additional  work.  The 
session  would  not  continue  more  thna 
two  or  three  days  when  reconvened,  and 
that  would  be  as  early  as  had  been  the 
case  till  two  or  three  years  ago. 

 o  

Reduced  Rates  on  Seed 


Reduced  freight  rates  on  seed  gr&in 
are  now  effective  between  points  in  the 
Prairie  Provinces.  This  means  that  seed 
will  be  transported  for  one-half  of  the 
regular  tariff  rates,  provided  that  ship* 
pers  and  consignees  will  comply  with  all 
the  regulations. 

Registered  seed  will  be  eligible  for 
rating  under  the  tariff  when  the  sacks 
are  tagged  and  sealed  by  an  inspector 
of  the  Domrnion  Seed  Branch.  As  a 
matter  of  information  to  farmers,  it  may 
be  stated  that  no  seed  should  be  termed 
"registered"  until  tagged  and  sealed  by 
the  Seed  Branch. 

Other  seed  will  secure  the  benefits  of 
this  tariff  only  w  hen  a  seed  grade  certi- 
ficate issued  by  the  Dominion  Seed  Branch 
is  presented  to  the  railway  agent  at  the 
shipping  point,  together  with  a  farmer's 
certificate  signed  by  the  U.F.A.  Provincial 
Secretary  and  Secretary  of  the  Local, 
assuring  the  railway  company  that  the 
purchaser  is  a  bona  fide  farmer. 

The  tariff  further  provides  that  seed 
other  than  registered  will  secure  the  seed 
rate  when  the  sacks  are  sealed  by  the 
Seed  Branch  and  a  seed  certificate  is 
issued. 

When  a  control  sample  certificate 
designates  a  sample  "Rejected"  it  will  be 
necessary  to  reclean  the  seed  and  for- 
ward another  sample.  At  least  two 
weeks'  time  should  be  allowed  for  the 
germination  of  a  sample.  Control  Ssmple 
Certificates  showing  only  the  germinatioa 
are  not  sufficient  as  a  complete  seed 
grade  is  required. 

The  rates  will  only  be  applied  when  the 
certificates  required  under  the  tariff  are 
furnished  BEFORE  the  delivery  of  the 
shipment  at  its  destination.  It  is  im- 
portant to  remember  this,  as  there  has 
been  an  impression  in  some  instance*  that 
it  would  be  all  right  to  obtain  the  certi- 
ficate after  delivery.  This  is  not  the 
ca,oe.  Claims  for  reduction  charges  and 
refund  on  presentation  of  certificates  at 
a  later  date  will  not  be  entertained. 
Hence  it  is  advisable  that,  in  order  to 
profit  by  the  lower  rates  on  seed  grain, 
farmers  arrange  for  the  necessary  certi- 
ficates well  in  advance  of  the  time  they 
propose  to  ship  seed. 

Seed  Certificates  are  secured  on  repre- 
sentative one  pound  samples  of  wrmma 
submitted  to  the  Dominion  Seeds  Branch, 
Immigration  Building,  Calgary.  Santfilefi 
of  grass  and  clover  seed  should  cohm*!  of 
four  ounces.  Any  person  can  have  three 
samples  tested  free.  For  each  succeeding 
sample  a  charge  of  50  cents  is  made  for 
geimination  test,  and  50  cents  lor  purity 
analysis  on  cereal  grains.  Farmer!)'  8fiea 
Grain  Freight  Certificates  can  be  obtained 
from  U.F.A.  Central  Office.  A  charge  of 
five  cents  each  is  madejor.this  aerTiee. 


Apnl  let,  1930 


THE     U.  F-  A. 


(301)  45 


BEAT  THE  WEEDS  WITH 
MASSEY-HARRIS  CULTIVATORS 


The  weed  nuisance  is  one  of  the  most  serious  problems  that  farmers 
have  to  contend  with.  Many  have  found  that  the  most  effective 
method  of  reducing  the  loss  in  crop  and  money  through  weed  pests 
is  by  the  use  of  modern  machinery.  For  this  work  the  latest  type 
Massey-Harris  Spring  and  StiflF-Tooth  Cultivators  have  proved  most 
satisfactory.  They  clean  out  weeds  and  prepare  a  good  seed  bed 
quickly. 

Strength  and  clearance  are  features  of  Massey-Harris  Cultivators.  The  strong 
frame  and  gang  construction  stand  up  well  under  fast  tractor  operation.  The 
"Three- Way-Clearance"  found  on  Massey-Harris  Cultivators  provides  room  for 
the  passage  of  trash  in  the  three  important  places — (1)  Under  the  frame; 
(2)  Between  the  tows  of  teeth;  (3)  la  the  zig-zag  passageways. 

If  you  prefer  a  Stiff-Tooth  you  will  be  interested  in  the  Massey-Harris  No.  15. 
It  is  made  in  9,  11  and  13-Tooth  sizes.  Hand  or  Power  Lift  and  15-Tooth  size. 
Power  Lift  only.  If  your  requirements  are  a  Spring-Tooth  Cultivator,  the  New 
Massey-Harris  No.  19  wiU  interest  you.  It  is  made  in  13-Tooth  size.  Hand  Lift; 
l7-Tooth  size.  Hand  or  Power  Lift,  and  21-Tooth  size.  Power  Lift. 

As\,  Your  Local  Agent  or  Nearest  'branch  for  Particulars 
of  the  Latest  Massey-Harris  Cultivators. 


MASSIiTMIARRIS  Ca  liMITED 


ESTABLISHED  1047; 


WINNIPEG  BRANDON  l^EGINA  •  SASKATOON  SWIFTf  CUIliVEWT  YDRKT^  CAIGAI(Y 
EDMONTON  VANCOUVEH  •  TOIVpNTO  •  MONTIIE AL  -^^atiCTmi  -  Age/u:ief  Ever^^ 


"AT  ELECTION  TIMES  AND  IN  BETWEEN 

I  find  my  file  of  The  U.F.A.  most  useful," 
writes  a  member  of  the  U.F.W.A.  And  it  ia 
twice  as  useful  if  you  have  an  INDEX. 

Send  for  a  copy  of  the  1929  index — it  costs 
only  25  cents. 

The  UJ^.A. 

Lougheed  Building  Calgary 


ARE  YOU  RECEIVING  TWO  COPIES  OF 
"THE  U.F.A."  ? 

If  so,  please  let  us  know.  Send  in  the  address 
labels  on  the  front  cover  of  the  paper.  This 
will  enable  us  to  keep  the  mailing  lists  cor- 
irect,  and  save  waste. 


ttt  1302}  T  H  E     U.  F.  A.  April  iBt,  itfan 


Principle  of  New  School  Bill  Endorsed  by  Legislature 
When  Bill  Passes  Second  Reading 

Three  Days'  Debate  on  Measure  Which  Provides  for  Voluntary  Plan  to  Set  Up  Large  Divisional  Area 

STAFF  CORRESPONDENCE 


EDMONTON,  March  20 —After  three 
daye  of  debate,  in  the  oouree  of  w  hich  one 
eitting  of  three  hours  was  occupied  to  the 
full,  the  School  Bill  of  the  Miniriter  of 
Education,  lion.  Perren  Baker,  was  given 
a  second  reading  on  Thursday,  March  20. 
Mr.  Baker,  who  has  campaigned  in  the 
Province  for  the  refornn  of  rural  educa- 
tion for  considerably  over  a  year,  and 
found  it  necessary  last  year  to  withdraw 
his  bill  because  of  the  division  of  public 
opinion,  had  the  satisfactic  n  of  seeing  the 
Assembly  give  assent  to  the  principle  of 
his  reform  measure,  though  modified  in 
form  from  that  of  last  year. 

The  main  provision  of  the  bill  and 
that  which  is  the  chief  subject  of  con- 
tention, is  that  nhich  makes  permissive 
the  setting  up  of  a  large  divisional  raea, 
comprising  such  a  number  of  school  dis- 
tricts as  the  Minister  may  decide,  for 
purposes  of  appointing,  superintending, 
supervising  ana  paying  teachers,  thus 
leaving  to  the  old  rural  school  boards  the 
functions  of  prof)erty  control  and  general 
management  of  the  school.  The  bill  of 
last  year  would  have  imposed  this  system 
on  the  entire  Province  setting  up  twenty 
such  divisions  and  making  of  the  Province 
one  taxing  area  having  a  common  sche- 
dule for  teachers'  salaries. 

Two  atlemi)ts  to  shelve  the  bill  for  one 
year  were  defeated.  An  amendment  was 
offered  by  D.  M.  Duggan,  Conservative 
leader,  at  the  clo.-e  of  the  first  day's  de- 
bate, proposing  that: 

"The  whole  question  of  the  law  re- 
lating to  schools,  including  the  estab- 
lishment of  larger  rural  school  district 
units,  be  referred  to  a  commission 
to  be  appointed  by  the  Lieuteuant- 
Governor-in-Council,  and  that  this  As- 
Bembly  recommends  that  the  personnel 
of  the  commission  shall  consist  of  one 
person  to  be  nominated  by  the  Minister 
of  Education,  one  person  to  be  nomin- 
ated by  the  Alberta  Trustees'  Asso- 
ciation and  one  person  to  be  nomin- 
ated by  the  Alberta  Teachers'  Alliance, 
and  that  suc  h  commission  shall  make 
its  recommendations  to  the  Minister  of 
Education  for  consideration  by  the 
Legislative  Assembly  at  the  next  fees- 
eicn  ,of  the  Legislature." 
On  the  second  day,  J.  T.  Shaw,  Liberal 
leader,  resumed  the  debate,  ollering  an 
amendment  to  the  amendment,  proposing 
that  the  mattei  — 

"Of  the  Local  Administrative  Unit 
for  school  purposes  in  Alberta  be  re- 
ferred  to  a  committee  composed  of 
representatives  of  the  various  parties 
in  this  Assembly,  and  in  addition  there- 
to, that  one  representative  each  be 
appointed  by  the  Teachers'  Alliance, 
the  Trustees'  Association,  the  Lnited 
Farmers  of  Alberta  and  the  Municipal 
Affairs  Department,   such  committee 
to  consider  the  ^^  hole  question,  and  to 
make   its  recommendations   for  con- 
sideration by  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly at  the  next  Session  thereof." 
The  following  members  took  part  in 
the  debate  in   addition,   Hector  Lang 
C.  L.  Gibbs,  Hon.    Irene    Parlby,  Freci 
While,  A,  Matheson,  Hon.  George  Hoad- 
ley,   George    Webster,    W.    H.  Shields, 
GordoB  Forster,  Lome  Proudfoot,  Hector 


Mr.  Baker's  opening  speech  on 
the  School  Bill,  in  which  he  dis- 
cussed the  measure  in  detail,  is 
printed  in  full  on  page  20. 


Galbraith,  and  Col.  Weaver.  The  Minister 
of  Education  showed  himself  master 
of  the  situation.  No  argument  was  ad- 
vanced for  which  he  had  not  ready  a 
sufficient  and  effective  answer.  The 
principle  of  the  bill  having  now  been 
recognized  it  will  be  analyzed  in  com- 
mittee, where  it  received  a  cursory  survey 
in  the  last  hour  before  adjournment. 

Hector  Lang,  liberal  member  for 
Medicine  Hat,  whose  interest  as  an  ex- 
teacher  in  the  subject  of  education  has 
been  marked  since  he  first  entered  the 
Legislature  last  session,  regretted  that 
the  bill  had  been  introduced  so  late 
in  the  session.  Last  session's  bill  of  which 
this  was  a  modification  had  been  discussed 
freely  throughout  the  Province;  and  he 
believed  that  the  Government  should 
have  made  known  the  changes  proposed 
in  the  new  bill  so  that  the  members 
could  have  given  them  careful  scrutiny 
and  have  discussed  them  with  their  con- 
stituents. 

Piemier  Brownlee:  The  Government 
is  quite  ready  to  stay  here  a  week  or  ten 
days  if  my  honorable  friend  wishes. 

Mr.  Lang,  continuing,  stated  that  he 
would  like  to  have  seen  the  bill  referred 
to  a  committee  of  the  Assembly  in  which 
amendments  might  have  been  suggested 
which  would  have  made  the  bill  satisfac- 
tory to  all.  The  general  board  of  last 
year's  bill  had  been  abandoned,  which  he 
thought  wise;  but  he  noted  that  the 
Province-wide  taxing  area  and  salary 
schedules  had  been  omitted,  which  was 
significant.  The  U.F.A.  had  endorsed 
the  principles  of  the  1929  bill;  and  he  be- 
heved  that  the  salary  schedule  would  be  a 
good  thing  if  applied.  Of  the  major  re- 
forms proposed  in  last  year's  bill  only 
that  of  increased  supervision  remained. 

Mr.  Baker:  There  is  provision  for  a 
salary  schedule  in  each  proposed  division. 

Mr.  Lang:  Yes!  but  it  is  necessary  first 
to  set  up  the  large  division,  which  the 
people  hnve  not  yet  approved. 

Mr.  Baker:  Has  the  one  general 
taxing  area  met  with  approval? 

Mr.  Lang:  Unless  the  people  accept 
the  division  we  are  at  the  same  place 
where  we  were  two  years  ago. 

CLAIMS  OPTIONAL  SYSTEMS 
UNSUCCESSFUL 

The  member  went  on  to  say  that  op- 
tional systems  of  educational  administra- 
tion had  not  been  a  success  where  tried. 
In  Manitoba  one  municipal  district  had 
adopted  the  municipalized  school  system 
eleven  years  ago,  but  had  not  been  follow- 
ed by  others.  He  believed  that  the 
electors  would  look  askance  at  a  scheme 
not  considered  of  sufficient  merit  to  be 
applied  to  the  whole  Province.  "There 
might,  of  course,  be  marginal  areas  where 
it  was  difficult  to  keep  schools  open. 

If  the  divisions  were  allowea  to  engage 
their  own  superintendents  and  super- 
visors there  might  be  a  greater  wilhng- 
ness  to  try  out  the   Miniater'a  propoaals, 


said  the  member;  but  even  at  that  there 
would  be  the  danger  of  erecting  many 
differing  systems.  Some  would  have  one 
supervisor  and  others  two,  etc. 

Mr.  Lang  avowed  his  belief  that  until 
an  act  could  be  evolved  that  would  meet 
the  general  approval  of  trustees,  electors 
and  teachers,  the  Minister  should  pro- 
ceed with  the  plan,  which  he  noted  nad 
been  adopted  within  the  past  year,  of  in- 
creasing inspections  and  school  grants. 

Mr.  Baker:  How  would  the  honorable 
member  effect  a  Province-wide  salary 
schedule  and  retain  the  rural  trustee 
boards? 

Mr.  Lang:  I  am  not  an  expert;  but  I 
think  if  I  had  a  little  time  I  could  work 
it  out.  (Much  laughter  in  all  parts  of 
the  chamber.) 

GIBBS  GIVES  VIEWS 
ON  BILL. 

C.  L.  Cibbs,  Labor,  who  is  a  teacher 
in  the  Edmonton  Technical  School,  stated 
that  he  would  support  the  second  reading 
of  the  bill.  He  congratulated  the  Minis- 
ter upon  his  courage  in  continuing  to  pro- 
pagate the  idea  that  the  small  school  dis- 
trict is  "archaic,  outworn  and  inefficient." 
He  could  not  help  thinking,  however, 
that  Mr.  Baker  had  surrendered  much 
in  his  endeavor  to  meet  objections.  He 
still  seemed  wedded  to  the  larger  areas, 
but  had  made  them  permissive.  He 
noted  that  Mr.  Baker  had  retained  the 
appointing  of  the  superintendents  and 
supervisors  of  the  proposed  larger  divi- 
sions in  the  hands  of  the  Department.  He, 
Mr.  Gibbs,  contended  that  a  piebald  solu- 
tion had  been  found  for  the  conPict  be- 
tween the  principle  of  centralization  and 
that  of  local  control.  For  his  own  part, 
he  was  convinced  of  the  necessity  of  en- 
larging the  area,  but  would  not  make  it  so 
large  as  to  put  it  out  of  range  of  local 
needs.  If,  for  instance,  an  area  compris- 
ing some  twelve  to  twenty  local  districts 
were  set  up  and  power  given  to  them  to 
appoint  their  own  superintendents  and 
supervisors,  he  thought  the  difficulty 
might  be  met. 

The  Minister  of  Education  suggested 
at  this  point  that  in  such  an  event  the 
Department  would  still  be  under  the 
necessity  of  providing  inspection  in  addi- 
tion to  the  work  of  superintendence 
and  supervision  carried  on  by  the  divi- 
sional board. 

Mr.  Gibbs  thought  that  would  be  better 
than  having  the  man  responsible  for 
efficiency  pass  upon  his  own  work. 

Discussion  the  member  had  had  with 
teachers  had  brought  him  to  the  con- 
clusion that  the  new  bill  was  more  in 
the  nature  of  a  consolidation  of  the 
Department  of  Education,  a  grasping  for 
control  on  the  part  of  the  Minister,  than 
a  solution  of  the  problem  of  rural  educa- 
tion. Too  many  things  were  left  in- 
definite and  at  the  discretion  of  the 
Minister. 

Mr.  Gibbs  urged  the  need  for  more 
security  of  tenure  for  the  teacher.  Even 
a  backward  state  like  Tennessee  had 
brought  in  an  act  to  provide  that  a  teacher 
coulcT  not  be  dismissed  without  the 
charge  or  charges  having  been  first  pre- 
ferred in  vriting.   He  was  of  the  opinion 


April  l8t,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


(303)  4? 


that  the  contract  with  the  teacher  should 
b«?  a  part  of  the  bill. 

In  conclusion,  Mr.  Gibbs  hoped  that 
the  Minister  would  continue  his  campaign 
for  reform  and  would  include  under  his 
functions  that  of  promoting  adult  educa- 
tion. He  hoped  also  that  there  would  be 
a  consistent  attempt  to  produce  a  type 
of  teacher  who  would  also  oe  able  to  assist 
the  older  people  of  the  community  to 
study.  He  believed  that  the  Minister  of 
Education  could  do  much  to  promote 
the  intellectual  and  spiritual  develop- 
ment of  the  people  of  Alberta.  He  ap- 
proved of  the  idea  of  offering  the  induce- 
ment of  a  special  grant  to  those  districts 
which  were  willing  to  undertake  the  ex- 
periment; and  would  aim  at  such  an 
equalization  as  would  make  it  possible 
for  any  district  to  participate. 

DUGGAN  COMPLIMENTS 
MINISTER. 

The  last  speaker  of  Tuesday  evening 
on  the  subject  was  the  leader  of  the  Con- 
servative party,  Mr.  Duggan.  He  face- 
tiously suggested  that  the  House  had 
just  had  the  pleasure  of  listening  to 
the  future  Ministers  of  Education  of  the 
Liberal  ar  ^  Labor  parties,  and  that 
perhaps  in  ine  course  of  the  debate  they 
would  later  be  favored  by  one  from  his 
own  Minister  (turning  towards  Col. 
Weaver). 

Mr.  Duggan  thought  that  Mr.  Baker 
would  be  remembered  for  years  to  come 
for  his  courageous  espousal  of  educa- 
tional reform.  He,  the  member,  had 
watched  the  progress  of  the  Minister 
throughout  the  Province  during  the  past 
two  years  and  had  noted  that  he  had 
paid  no  attention  to  the  political  effects 
of  the  measure.  It  was  not  often  that 
men  were  found  ready  to  fight  to  the 
last  ditch  for  their  political  convictions. 
To  him,  however,  it  was  inconceivable  that 
the  brain  which  had  devised  the  measure 
of  1929  should  have  produced  this  at- 
tenuated bill.  It  was  weak  where  the 
other  was  strong. 

Speaking  for  the  Conservative  party, 
Mr.  Duggan  held  that  the  proposed 
larger  divisions  should  not  be  too  large 
and  control  should  not  be  too  remote. 
Mr.  Gibbs  had  expressed  the  views  of 
the  Conservative  party  in  these  matters, 
which,  when  in  his  best  form,  he  usually 
did.  (Ironical  laughter.)  Speaking  seri- 
ously, however,  he  felt  that  the  passing 
of  the  present  biU  would  impede  pro- 
gress. People  would  rest  on  their  oars 
and  say,  "this  is  fine."  He  questioned 
whether  any  area  would  undertake  to 
form  a  district,  and  in  any  case  there 
would  be  lack  of  uniformity. 

Before  Mr.  Duggan  finally  sat  down 
after  moving  his  amendment,  Premier 
Brownlee  drew  from  him  the  admission 
that  the  Conservative  party  was  in  favor 
of  making  the  adoption  of  educational 
reform  compulsory. 

SHAW  IN 
SARCASTIC  VEIN. 

When  the  debate  was  resumed  on 
Wednesday  afternoon,  J.  T.  Shaw  first 
twitted  the  members  of  the  Farmer 
group  for  their  "thunders  of  silence," 
then  proceeded  to  say  how  all-important 
was  the  subject  of  education,  and  to 
complain  that  the  Minister  of  Education, 
while  professing  to  believe  in  co-operation, 
had  denied  him  any  opportunity  to  makea 
contribution  to  the  solution  of  the  prob- 
lem. Mr.  Shaw  developed  sarcasm. 
The  Minister  had  three  years  ago  asserted 
that  the  educational  system  was  quite 
satisfactory.  The  next  session,  he,  Mr. 
Shaw,  had  made  certain  proposals  for 
reform  and  the  Minister  had  been  "some- 
what concerned."     Later  he  had  realized 


the  "grave  necessity"  and  would  propose 
a  bill  at  the  next  session.  So  the  bill  of 
1929,  sweeping  in  character,  had  been 
brought  down.  It  had  been  withdrawn 
when  opposition  had  developed  and  the 
Minister  had  taken  a  year  to  produce 
this  bill,  a  bill  which  was  "a  floating 
spar  of  the  shipwreck."  Though  denied 
hitherto  any  opportunity  to  make  a 
contribution  on  this  important  matter, 
Mr.  Shaw  was  not  unwilling  yet,  he  said, 
to  try  to  fashion  something  which  would 
be  of  value. 

Mr.  Shaw  stated  that  he  was  not  in 
favor  of  a  commission,  and  was  not  in 
favor  of  the  personnel  proposed  by  Mr. 
.Duggan.  He,  instead,  would  propose  a 
committee  of  the  Assembly  together  with 
other  representatives  of  Provincial  bodies. 
He  suggested  that  the  Minister  was  in- 
debted for  the  ideas  of  the  bill  to  the 
New  Zealand  plan,  then  contended  that 
the  Minister  had  given  little  more  support 
to  the  rural  school  from  the  coffers  of  the 
Province  than  had  been  given  by  the 
former  Liberal  government.  In  1919 
the  grants  had  aggregated  $1,250,000, 
and  in  1930  the  Minister  proposed  to  set 
aside  only  $1,379,545  for  that  purpose. 

The  Liberal  leader  held  that  the  Minis- 
ter compared  unfavorably  with  the 
Liberal  regime  in  provision  for  super- 
vision. In  1921,  there  were  42  inspectors, 
while  in  1930  there  were  only  30,  and  the 
number  had  been  as  low  as  26.  In 
1921  there  were  three  high  school  in- 
spectors and  now  only  two. 

Several  members:  Yes,  but  more  in- 
spections. 

Sam  Brown,  U.F.A.,  High  River:  Is 
not  the  method  of  travel  different? 

Mr.  Shaw:  Oh!  Not  so  much.  There 
were  motor  cars  and  aeroplanes  in  those 
days. 

Many  members:  Yes,  but  no  roads. 
(Laughter.) 

Mr.  Shaw  again  objected  to  the  large 
division  idea.  The  Minister  selected  the 
area  and  then  if  the  vote  was  favorable 
the  division  was  imposed.  Would  the 
Minister  be  governed  by  the  total  vote? 
Or,  would  he  leave  out  the  areas  op- 
posed? 

The  scheme  to  be  really  effective,  Mr. 
Shaw  contended,  should  appeal  to  the 
average  area.  Mr.  Shaw  avowed  his 
sincerity  in  these  matters.  He  was  not 
concerned  with  the  polities  of  the  situa- 
tion. 

Answering  a  question  from  Mr.  Gibbs 
as  to  whether  he  was  prepared  to  shelve 
the  whole  question  of  education  for  an- 
other year,  Mr.  Shaw  stated  that  he  was 
willing  to  have  the  bill  stay  in  the  Legis- 
lature. The  rest  of  the  bill  with  minor 
exceptions   was   quite  satisfactory. 

BAKEE  PROVES 
IN  FIGHTING  TRIM. 

Continuing  the  debate  the  Minister  of 
Education  stated  that  he  had  never 
gought  credit  for  his  Department  in  con- 
nection with  this  or  the  previous  bill. 
He  was  only  concerned  to  make  progress 
in  this  important  field  of  the  life  of  the 
Province.  He  had  cited  his  figures  to 
show  that  progress.  He  reminded  Mr. 
Shaw  and  the  Assembly  that  progress  did 
not  depend  upon  the  amount  o?  money 
devoted  from  the  Provincial  Treasury. 
If  the  districts  themselves,  now  more 
prosperous  than  formerly,  devoted  the 
money  it  was  all  the  same.  It  did  not 
matter  where  the  money  came  from  so 
long  as  the  schools  were  running. 

Mr.  Baker  was  in  fighting  trim.  "What 
would  Mr.  Shaw  do,"  asked  he,  "if  he 
were  the  Mussolini  that  I  am  reputed  to 
be?  What  constructive  suggestion  has 
he  to  offer?    Have  more  inspectors?  Is 


a  plan  for  teachers'  pensions  the^ trump 
card  he  has  kept  up  his  sleeve?"    ^  M 

The  Minister  of  Education  stated  that 
he,  too.  believed  in  pensions  for  teachers, 
but  did  not  believe  that  they  would  give 
the  results  expected  by  some.  Did  the 
critics  think  that  rural  teaching  would  be 
made  more  attractive  by  deducting  from 
the  salary  of  young  teachers  a  sum  of 
thirty  or  forty  dollars  a  year  for  pensions? 
"What  we  need  to  make  rural  teaching 
more  attractive,"  said  he,  vigorously 
pounding  his  desk,  "is  the  bigger  admin- 
istrative unit." 

"Cradled  in  the  democracy  of  the  rural 
school"  says  Mr.  Shaw.  "Yes!  but 
we  don't  want  to  stay  in  the  cradle  for- 
ever. We  want  to  get  up  and  walk. 
As  for  inspectors,"  continued  Mr.  Baker, 
"what  we  want  is  not  more  inspection, 
but  supervision." 

Mr.  Shaw  was  grieved,  said  the  Min- 
ister, at  the  reception  to  his  offers  for 
help.  He  appeared  to  hold  that  a  com- 
mittee of  the  House  was  the  only  way  to 
approach  the  problem;  and  if  it  was  not 
adopted  he  would  not  work  at  all.  What 
more  wisdom  could  be  evolved  this  way 
than  had  already  been  sought?  All  these 
bodies  suggested  had  been  amply  con- 
sulted already.  They  did  not  agree 
within  themselves.  Some  favored  the 
large  unit,  to  others  it  was  anathema. 
"Piebald  solution,"  said  Mr.  Qibba. 
What  would  it  be  if  it  took  in  all  the 
ideas  advanced  by  all  these  bodies  and  all 
corners  of  the  Assembly?  And  even  if  tha 
committee  reached  agreement,  tie  rcvn- 
try  would  be  no  more  a  unit  on  the  matter 
than  was  the  case  with  the  bill  of  last 
year.  The  Government  had  worked  out 
a  solution  to  the  problem  and  the  re- 
sultant bill  was  before  the  Assembly. 

Mrs.  Parlby  reminded  the  Assembly 
that  the  bill's  essential  features  had  been 
before  the  country  something  over  a  year. 
She  had  listened  to  the  criticisms  of  the 
leader  of  the  Liberal  party  for  nearly  an 
hour  and  had  found  nothing  new.  The 
Farmer  poup  believed  sincerely  and 
honestly  in  democracy  and  had  shown  it 
last  year  by  withdrawing  the  biU.  She 
saw  again  the  party  system  at  work 
The  discussion  of  the  afternoon  had  been 
an  effective  illustration  of  the  futility  of  » 
committee  such  as  was  proposed.  The 
Labor  party  had  made  constructive  sug- 
gestions and  had  said,  "Go  ahead."  The 
Assembly  was  composed  of  representa- 
tives of  the  people  who  were  supposed 
to  know  what  the  country  needed.  She 
thought  that  they  could  embody  that 
knowledge  in  the  present  bill. 

Mr.  Duggan,  speaking  to  the  amend- 
ment, said  that  he  would  not  object  to 
Mr.  Shaw's  amendment,  in  fact  would 
welcome  the  inclusion  of  the  Department 
of  Municipal  Affairs,  if  the  clause  con- 
cerning the  divisional  area  were  elimin- 
ated and  machinery  set  up  to  consider  it. 

Mr.  White  said  that  he  thought  the 
Government  should  state  its  position 
in  the  event  of  the  amendment  being  car- 
ried. He  and  his  group  were  anxious  that 
the  bill  should  go  into  committee.  He 
was  opposed  to  the  optional  element  in 
the  bill,  and  thought  that  definite  steps 
should  be  taken  to  set  up  a  larger  unit 
of  administration. 

Archie  Matheson  said  that  he  had 
heard  the  contention  that  education 
was  "languishing"  in  Alberta,  and  he 
denied  it.  He  believed  in  the  Legislature 
performing  its  own  functions.  Members 
should  know  what  reform  was  needed 
and  where. 

Mr.  Gibbs  did  not  believe  in  giving  the 
bill  a  hoist.  It  was  essential  that  there 
should  be  revision  of  the  School  Act.  He 


48  (304) 


THE    U.  F.  A, 


April  l8t,  1930 


SPEAKS  IN  DEBATE 


A.  M.  MATHESON,  M.L.A. 


believed  that  there  was  merit,  however, 
in  Mr.  Shaw's  idea  of  a  committee. 

Upon  the  question  being  called,  Mr. 
Hoadley  raised  a  j<oint  of  prt)cpdure 
and  received  the  rulintj  «>f  the  Speaker 
that  should  the  amendment  carry,  it 
"would  be  competent  for  ilie  Mini.vter  to 
again  move  immediately  the  second  read- 
ing of  the  bill."  He  sujifested  that  the 
amendments    Ijc  withdrawn. 

George  Webster  declared  his  anxiety 
to  have  the  measure  proceed.  He  was 
disa^jpointed  at  the  position  taken  by  the 
Ministers,  especially  with  that  of  the 
lady  member  for  Lacombe. 

WOULD  HAVE  DIVISIONAL 
BOARD  CONTROL  SUPERVISOR 

W.  H.  Shield  stated  that  there  had  been 
many  opportunities  to  try  to  over<ome 
the  defects  of  the  educational  system. 
The  consolidation  system  m  as  one  of  these 
attempts.  It,  too,  had  its  defet  ts.  This 
bill  was  another  attempt.  There  was 
nothing?  inherently  defective  in  rural 
education.  He  felt  that  the  country 
owed  a  great  debt  of  gratitude  to  the  rural 
school  teacher.  It  was  very  creditable 
that  they  had  brought  out  sciiolarsof  such 
high  standing.  The  defects  of  the  small 
unit  had  been  well  summed  up,  said  Mr. 
Shield;  but  it  had  been  concluded  that 
to  interfere  with  local  self  government 
was  a  big  problem.  He  believed  that 
the  supervisor  should  be  appointed  by 
and  under  the  control  of  the  divisional 
board. 

Gordon  Forster,  of  Handhills,  noted 
that  all  the  opposition  to  the  bill  came 
from  the  city  members  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Mr.  Shaw,  the  member  for  Bow 
Valley.  The  proi)OPe(i  amendments  would 
delay  the  time  when  the  country  child 
would  have  similar  privileges  to  those  of 
the  city. 

LORNE  PROUDFOOT 
EXPRESSES  VIE^S 

Lome  I'roudfoot  supported  the  idea 
of  the  larger  division,  but  urged  that 
"a  more  gradual  approach  be  made  in  the 
exercise  of  the  voluntary  principle."  If 
the  divisional  board  were  set  up  and  en- 


gaged teachers,  established  a  salary 
schedule,  and  rnised  the  sal!irip<>  of  teach- 
ers, it  would  then,  and  then  only,  be  time 
to  make  availnble  the  special  grants  firo- 
posed.-  He  iielieved  that  many  would 
have  accepted  the  principle  of  the  bill  in 
mandator}'  form. 

Hector  Calbraith,  Nanton,  reminded 
the  ANScmbly  that  power  farming  was 
dejioi)ulat ing  rural  areas.  It  was  an 
affront  to  the  intelligence  of  rural  people 
to  think  it  necessary  to  force  progress 
upon  them.  He  favored  the  voluntary 
principle  of  the  bill. 

The  vote  was  then  taken,  resulting  in 
thirteen  for  Mr.  Shaw's  amendment  and 
thirty-seven  against. 

Sj.eaking  on  the  second  amendment. 
Col.  Weaver  avowed  his  belief  in  re- 
si)onsible  government.  He  did  not  be- 
lieve in  Government  throwing  up  its 
hands  and  passing  on  its  responsibilities  to 
the  [)eople. 

MINISTER  CLOSES 
DEBATE 

Closing  the  debate  on  Thursday  in  a 
speech  of  nearly  an  hour's  length,  Mr. 
Baker  covered  the  ground  of  objection 
raised.  He  noted  some  im[iortant  f)oints 
of  argument.  One  was  that  the  rural 
school  is  an  imfxjrtarit  p;i,rt  of  the  school 
system,  and  is  capable  of  improvement; 
and  another  that  there  is  nied  of  a  laruer 
unit  of  administration.  England,  Scot- 
land, New  Zealand  an<l  Australia  had  all 
within  recent  years  adopted  the  larger 
unit  and  efforts  were  being  made  in  this 
direction  in  every  Province  in  Canada. 
The  case  of  Missouri  cited  by  Mr.  Shaw 
was  not  an  argument  against  the  larger 
unit,  but  against  premature  legislation. 
The  question  was:  What  unit?  In  New 
Zealand  it  was  the  state,  in  Manitoba 
the  Municipality,  in  the  United  States, 
the  county,  in  England  l,he  borough  and 
county.  No  scheme  w-ould  work  per- 
fectly. He  would  not  do  away  with  the 
local  district.  The  people  were  organized 
around  it. 

The  present  school  bill  neither  added 
to  nor  took  away  any  rights  in  reference 
to  religious  instruction.  The  people  of 
Alberta  had  so  far  lived  in  comparative 
peace  on  these  matters;  end  he  could 
not  look  with  other  than  the  gravest  con- 
cern on  any  movement  which  did  not 
take  cognizance  of  these  facts.  The 
bill  was  designed  to  work  towards  the 
advHntages  of  the  larger  unit  without  de- 
stroying the  local  one. 

Mr.  Baker  drew  the  attention  of  the 
Assembly  to  the  fact  that  no  size  of  unit 
was  mentioned  in  the  bill  nor  had  been 
mentioned  in  the  bill  of  H)29.  He  f)ro- 
postd  a  district  large  enough  to  usefully 
employ  one  sur^erintendent  and  two 
Bu|)ervisors.  The  i)rcsent  miinioipj'l  areas, 
for  instance,  were  too  sm.-itl  and  the 
boundaries  were  not  co-terminous  with 
those  of  the  school  districts. 

Mr.  Baker  contetided  that  the  bill  did 
not  give  any  new  powers  to  the  Minister, 
It  was  true  that  the  act  read  "subject  to 
the  a|iproval  ot  lh«!  Minister"  in  a  good 
many  places;  but  in  practice  there  waa 
little  occasion  for  the  exercise  of  that 
authority.  It  was,  however,  part  of  the 
law  of  the  Province  since  territorial  days 
and  was  a  provision  for  elasticity  which 
was  necessary.  He  contended  with  re- 
Sf.ect  to  the  authority  of  the  department 
over  the  proposed  superintendents  and 
supervisors  that  there  bhould  not  be  a 
complete  divorcing  of  the  department 
from  the  local  authority-.  These  officers 
would  not  be  thrust  on  the  division. 
There  would  be  the  closest  co-operation, 
in  answer  to  the  suggestion  of  ^f^.  Gibba 
that  inspectors  coulu  provide  the  oeces- 


SPEAKS  IN  DEBATE 


LORNE  PROUDFOOT,  M.L.A. 


sary  contact,  Mr.  Baker  thought  it  un- 
necessary to  burden  the  taxpayer  by  a 
multiplication  of  officers. 


PREPARING  FOR  EXHIBITION 

Plans  for  holding  the  World's  Grain 
Exhibition  and  Conference  in  Regina, 
July  25th  to  August  tith,  1932,  are  rlready 
well  advanced.  Invitations  to  many 
countries  of  the  world  to  participate  in 
the  event  have  been  sent  by  the  Canadian 
Government  and  it  is  expected  that  lead- 
ing scientific  and  practical  agriculturists 
will  be  present  from  all  over  the  world. 

Competitive  classes  have  been  provided 
for  cereals,  grasses,  clovers,  and  vegetable 
seeds,  which  it  is  hoped  will  result  in 
bringing  together  the  finest  collection  of 
these  seeds  ever  placed  on  exhibition. 
Over  $200,000  is  to  be  offered  in  cash 
prizes.  In  some  classes  as  many  as  fifty 
prizes  will  be  awarded.  These  classes 
will  be  supi)lemented  by  educational  dis- 
plays staged  by  the  Government  of 
Canada  and  Provincial  governments,  and 
probably  by  several  other  countries. 

The  Conference  will  be  of  particular 
importance  to  the  producers  of  crops  and 
research  workers  the  world  over.  The 
greatest  and  best  known  experts  from  all 
countries  will  be  gathered  together  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  their  experiences  and 
leading  discussion. 


Correspondence 


TO  SAFEGUARD  FEED  SUPPLY 

Editor,   The  U.F.A: 

While  travelling  through  the  Western 
Provinces  this  past  few  weeks  I  could  not 
help  but  notice  an  apparent  general  short- 
age of  feed  '^n  the  farms,  as  viewed  from 
the  two  r  ilway  systems.  With  many 
the  only  remedy  available  was  an  appeal 
to  the  G  ivernments  concerned  for  assist- 
ance in  the  form  of  feed,  hay  and  grain. 
As  one  who  enjoyed  (?)  this  aid  after  the 
dry  acaaoQ  of  1914,  I  found  it  a  difficult 


April  Ist,  1930 


THE     U.  F.  A. 


f305)  49 


thing  retiring  the  indebtedness  incurred, 
and  to  cut  a  long  story  short,  looked  for  a 
remedy. 

The  writer  tried  Western  Rye,  Bromc, 
Timnthy,  Alfalfa,  and  fincliy  Sweet  Clover, 
In  this  last  legume  salvation  is  to  be 
found.  Even  in  the  driest  season  it 
flounshe.'i,  and  if  properly  handled  is  pala- 
table to  the  stock,  i^nd  will  not  volunteer. 
In  my  experience  the  best  method  is  to 
sow  same  on  summcrfallow  stubble  im- 
mediately after  9ox\inf»  the  grain.  During 
the  first  jear  it  Tvill  not  grow  high  enough 
to  interfere  with  combining,  and  if  har- 
vesting with  the  binder  method^  will  cure 
in  the  buts  of  the  sheaves  and  make 
excellent  feed — also  excellent  grazing  the 
first  fall. 

In  the  second  year  of  its  growth,  the 
land  being  due  for  summerfailowing,  it 
should  be  the  practice  to  reserve  as  much 
acreage  for  hay  as  may  be  necessary  and 
the  balance  plowed  under  as  a  soiling 
crop.  When  the  part  reserved  for  hay 
has  been  cleared,  this  also  should  be 
plowed  at  once  to  prevent  any  later 
growth  going  to  seed. 

If  the  season  is  dry  as  in  many  parts 
in  1929  season,  reser\e  the  whole  area 
for  hay  for  use  or  sale,  taking  off  the  first 
crop  only,  end  of  June,  and  then  summer- 
fallow. 

There  are  further  advantages:  (I)  the 
land  will  have  been  vastly  enriched  by  the 
nitrogen,  and  green  matter  plowed  under; 
(2)  soil  drifting  checked. 

O.  J.  HOPKINS, 
Anerley,  Saskatchewan. 


SUGGESTS  BY-LAWS 

Editor,  The  U.F.A: 

I  should  appreciate  a  little  space 
in  The  U.F.A.  for  the  following  suggested 
by-laws  for  consumers'  co-operative  asso- 
ciations. The  by-laws  are  not  complete, 
but  are  sufficient  to  indicate  what  I  am 
driving  at.  I  think  the  principles  which 
they  embodj'  are  sound,  and  I  trust  in  all 
sincerity  that  Locals  w-ill  not  rush  into 
being  incorporated  without  seeing  the 
bigger  things  beyond  their  local  affairs: 

1.  To  foster  habits  of  making  ready 
money  the  means  of  baying  goods  at  the 
actual  cost  of  service  rendered. 

2.  The  Association  is  registered  under 
the  Alberta  Co-operative  Association  Act. 

3.  The  number  of  members  to  be  un- 
limited and  the  capital  in  the  first  place 
shall  consist  of  loans  from  members  at  a 
given  rate  of  interest  not  to  exceed  6 
per  cent.  This  original  capital  to  be  paid 
back  as  soon  as  possible  in  the  following 
manner  which  hereafter  shall  take  its 
place. 

4.  2J  per  cent  additional  cost  added 
to  the  cost  of  service  rendered;  2  per 
cent  to  go  tovards  commercial  reserve, 
i  per  cent  to  building  fund,  the  said  de- 
ductions to  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the 
members  in  proportion  to  their  purchases 
either  with  or  without  paying  interest  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Directors. 

5.  The  Directors  to  hold  and  retain 
said  reserve  for  such  a  period  th  .t  in  their 
judgment  will  be  beneficial  for  economic 
service,  and  when  they  decide  to  start  to 
pay  back  they  shall  commence  with  the 
first  year  from  the  passing  of  these  by- 
laws, in  order  that  the  members  re- 
ceiving the  service  pay  for  same. 

6.  The  sale  of  all  goods  shall  be  on  a 
non-profit  basis.  Any  charges  added  in 
excess  of  the  cost  of  service  and  the  2J 
per  cent  reserve,  shall  be  divided  amongst 
the  members  in  proportion  to  their  pur- 
chases from  each  department,  which  shall 
be  kept  separately. 


7.  The  directors  shall  see  that  each 
member  receivev*?  a  statement  of  the 
amounts  he  or  t^he  has  to  his  credit  on  the 
books  of  the  Association  once  a  year. 

8.  By  a  two-thirds  majority,  the 
members  may  in  meeting  assembled  ex- 
pressly called  for  that  purpo.se,  open  up 
a  New  Depi^rtment. 

9.  In  order  to  qualify  for  a  member 
with  full  voting  powers,  he  or  she  must 
have  purchased  during  the  previous  year 
at  least  $100  worth  of  goods  from  the 
Association,  further,  he  or  she  must 
covenant  and  acree  to  buy  all  goods  sold 
by  the  Association  which  he  or  she  requires 
as  far  as  it  is  possible  to  do  .so,  and  that 
he  or  she  signs  a  card  furnished  by  the 
association  to  that  effect. 

B.  C  LEES. 
Edgerton,  Alta..  McCafferty  U.  F.  A. 
Local. 


U.F.W.A.  HISTORY 

Editor,  The  U.F.A: 

Just  as  Mr.  Burnell  called  attention  to 
some  errors  in  your  issue  of  .January  1,5th 
regarding  the  early  officers  of  the  farmers' 
organization,  I  would  like  to  correct  a 
statement  made  at  the  same  time  con- 
cerning the  U.F.W.A.  The  first  Pro\ in- 
cial  president  was  Miss  Jean  C.  P.eed  of 
Alix,  not  Mrs.  Walter  Parlby.  We 
were  then  known  as  "The  Woman's 
Auxiliary  to  the  U.F..\."  Miss  P.eed 
held  office  for  one  year,  during  w  hich  she 
did  some  valuable  organization  work. 
She  was  succeeded  by  Mrs.  Parlby. 

I  would  like  to  suggest  to  the  organi- 
zation as  a  w  hole  that  its  history  be  com- 
piled while  the  correct  data  is  available. 
Only  a  few  years  have  elapsed  since 
both  organizations  began  to  function, 
vet  already  misinformation  is  abroad. 
We  have  initiated  movements  that  will 
be  recorded  in  the  history  of  Canada. 
Let  us  see  to  it  that  our  own  records  aie 
accurate. 

Yours  very  trul5', 

LEONA  R.  BARRTTT, 
First  Provincial  Secretary  U.F.W.A. 
Mirror,  Alberta. 

MILLING  PEOFITS 

Editor,  The  U.F.A: 

The  profits  of  the  Canadian  milling 
business  have  been  the  subject  of  dis- 
cussion in  some  of  the  Farmers'  Con- 
ventions during  the  past  few  months. 

In  the  Monthly  Review  of  the  Bank  of 
Nova  Scotia  for  February,  1930,  in  the 
table  illustrating  the  net  earnings  of 
Canadian  Corporations  .from  1920  to  1928 
inclusive,  the  table  indicating  the  com- 
bined dividends  on  common  stock  and 
surplus  the  milling  industry  shows  the 
•highest  in  1928  of  any  corporation  listed. 

The  list  covers  the  following  companies: 

Lake  of  the  Woods,  Maple  Leaf, 
Ogihie's,  St.  Law  rence  and  the  Western 
Canada  Flour  Mills  Co. 

It  might  do  some  of  us  good  to  frame 
this  table  and  .study  it  whenever  we  have 
any  leisure  moments. 

Yours  truly, 

W.  D.  TREGO. 


A  BUBAL  SCHOOL  FBOBLEM 

Editor,  The  U.F.A: 

At  this  date  another  teacher  is  lenving 
us,  badgered  into  resigning  by  our  local 
authorities. 

I  have  resided  in  this  school  district 
not  quite  10  years  and  in  this  time  we 
have  had  eleven  school  teachers. 


Pi'otecb  otub 
Beautify 
Your  Home 

TREES 

MSHRUBS 

Our  representative  in  your  dis- 
trict is  thoroughly  trained  in 
Horticulture  and  landscape 
Designing.  His  expert  advice 
and  assistance,  which  is  FREE, 
plus  the  tried  and  proven 
nursery  stock  we  supply,  will 
ensure  the  success  of  your 
planting.  Write  us  and  our 
representative  will  call  on  you. 

Prairie  Nurseries 
Limited 

—The  Estevan  Nnrseriea— 
ESTEVAN.  BASK. 
Largest  Growers  of 
Trees    and  Shrub* 
in  Canada, 


"BUirr  ON  SERUICE" 


Calgary  Representatioes: 
R.  A.  LAMBERT 

E.  F.  BOULDING 

W.  J.  THOMSON 
M3028 

509   MACLEAN  BLK. 


SEED 
BARLEY 


REGISTERED  FIRST 
GENERATION  O.A.C.  21 
BARLEY 

Grown  By  Major  Strange  of 
Fenn,  Alberta 

also 

COMMERCIAL  No.  2  GRADE 
SEED  BARLEY 


Apply 

CANADA   MALTING  CO. 
713  Lancaster  BIdg. 
CALGARY.  ALTA. 


LTD. 


513  McLeod  Bldgr.,  Edmonton 


60  (306) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  l8t,  1930 


This  calls  to  one's  mind  very  forcibly 
the  Hon.  Perren  Baker's  speech  wherein 
he  save  that  "Alberta's  youths  and  maid- 
ens pass  in  a  constant  stream  before  the 
eyes  of  our  children." 

Our  school  act  surely  needs  revising. 
Nothing  could  be  worse  in  its  effect  on 
the  children's  education  and  nothing  can 
shake  the  morale  of  our  teachers  mere 
than  such  a  condition  of  affairs,  and  I 
sincerely  hope  that  the  time  is  here  when 
control  will  be  shifted  from  local  hands 
and  placed  w  here  it  belongs,  in  the  bands 
of  those  trained  in  such  matters. 

I  am  yours  truly, 

E.  W.  TERRY. 

TomahaTrk,  Alta. 


goods.  Importer  \^anta  25  per  cent, 
wholesaler  25  per  cent,  and  retailer  25 
per  cent  profit.  Because  of  a  custom 
tax  of  $30  we  have  to  pay  now  $28.60 — 
that  is  a  total  of  $58.60.  And  so-  on 
ad  infinitum.  Not  necessary  to  ask  why 
wheat  does  not  pay  to  grow. 

Could  not  a  means  be  devised  whereby 
we  pay  the  ta.'!  only  and  not  a  profit  on 
it  to  the  various  mi<ldlemen7  If  legis- 
lation could  be  drawn  up  to  counteract 
this  insidious  practice,  so  that  we  would 
pay  the  tax  and  the  tax  only  instead  of 
double  the  amount,  well,  believe  me,  it 
would  sure  help  some. 

W.  HOGAN, 

Blackfoot,  Alta. 


POVERTY  AMIDST  PLENTY 

Editor,  The  U.F.A: 

Only  a  short  time  ago  I  heard  someone 
make  the  remark — "Poverty  amongst 
plenty!" 

I  believe  there  is  a  tremendous  lot  of 
truth  in  the  above  statement.  Never  in 
history  of  the  world  was  it  comjiarative 
with  present  conditions.  As  we  enter 
the  store  to  our  amazement  we  find  shelves 
packed  with  dry  goods,  hardware,  gro- 
ceries, and  other  articles  too  numero^us 
to  mention.  We  see  so  many  nice  things 
we  should  have,  the  very  necessaries  of 
life,  yet  our  purchasing  power  of  the 
■  dollar  has  dw  indled  to  such  an  extent  we 
receive  just  a  mere  existence.  We,  as 
farmers,  come  to  market  with  our  com- 
mo<Iity,  we  must  accept  the  price  they 
pay  us,  it  is  no  concern  to  the  other 
party  whether  it  be  at  cost  of  production, 
below,  or  otherwise.  But  when  we  come 
to  the  merchant  or  machine  dealer,  the 
price  is  set,  we  have  on'y  one  course  open 
to  us,  that  is,  pay  the  price  asked. 

Now,  if  the  economical  purchasing 
power  of  the  farmer's  dollar  were  the 
equivalent  to  that  of  other  industries  we 
should  then  be  on  parity,  as  it  should  be. 

Statiptics  tell  us  one  per  cent  own  and 
control  all  the  wealth  that  ninety-seven 

Ef.T  cent  produced.    Only  two  per  cent 
ave  comforts,  no  more.  Ninety-seven 
per  cent  have  little  or  nothing. 

Now,  dear  reader,  you  can  comprehend 
the  underlying'  cause  of  all  suffering  of 
humanity,  namely,  "Poverty  amongst 
plenty!" 

Some  one  may  ask  how  long  will  this 
state  of  affairs  continue?  Answer  is  this: 
Just  80  long  as  we  farmers  do  not  exercise 
our  mental  faculty  that  we  are  endowed 
with  to  support  our  own  organization, 
,  the  U.  F.  A.  It  is  only  in  its  infancy, 
which  must  be  nursed  along  to  maturity. 
It  is  up  to  you,  me,  and  the  other  fellow, 
to  make  it  what  we  want  it  to  be. 

F.  COHN. 

PoUockville,  Alta. 

 : — o  

HOW  MUCH  DO  WE  PAY? 
Editor,  The  U.F.A; 

I  wonder  if  the  idea  of  customs  and 
•  excise  has  ever  struck  your  readers  as 
just  the  amount  si)ecified  b\  the  Govern- 
ment. If  you  care  for  the  idea,  1  enter- 
tain that  at  a  conservative  estimate,  by 
the  time  goods  arrive  to  the  consumer, 
the  tax  has  increased  93  per  cent. 

For  instance,  a  certain  article  has  an 
excise  tax  of  $6  which  is  tacked  onto  the 
price  of  the  article.  The  manufacturer 
wants  say  25  per  cent  profit;  the  whole- 
saler 20  per  cent;  the  retailer  30  per  cent. 
Therefore,  instead  of  $6  tax  to  the  con- 
sumer he  pays  $11.70  duty,  only  $6  of 
li>bicb~go  to  the  customs. 

Again  take  a  custom  tax  at  30  per 
eent  ad  valorem  ou  say  $100  worth  of 


TO  DAIRY  FARMERS 

Calgary,  Alta.,  Mar.  6,  1930. 
Editor,  The  XJ.F.A: 

If  we  go  back  some  twenty  years  or 
more  to  consider,  what  a  majority  of 
people  then  thought  of  life-insurance,  it 
will  greatly  surprise  us  to  make  a  com- 
parison with  present  day  ideas.  At  that 
time  many  people  looked  upon  life-insur- 
ance as  a  means  only,  by  which  to  de- 
fraud them  of  their  possessions;  others 
would  not  consider  it,  simply  because 
they  felt  that  they  saw  no  returns,  and 
then  of  course  there  were  those  who 
looked  upon  it  as  a  downright  sin  to  gam- 
ble w  ith  death,  as  they  so  expressed  it. 
But  today  any  sane  person  will  consider 
life-insurance,  and  for  that  matter  most 
other  insurance,  as  the  logical  means  of 
building  up  an  estate,  and  for  future 
security.  Anyone  today,  who  will  raise 
opposition,  or  object  to  the  principle  of 
life-insurance,  either  could  never  have 
thought  over  the  subject  seriously,  or  is 
ruled  by  utterly  selfish  motives,  without 
regard  for  their  own  family-relatives,  or 
for  their  fellow-men.  • 

1  believe  that  I  can  safely  say  we  are 
all  agreed  upon  the  advantage  and  bless- 
ings of  life-insurance,  but  the  purpose  in 
bringing  up  the  subject,  was  not  to  dis- 
cuss it,  as  much  as  to  use  it  for  a  com- 
parison in  our  Pool  topic. 

Pool  Movement  as  Insurance 

I  do  not  think  that  the  Pool  movement 
ha«  ever  before  been  viewed  from  a 
similar  angle,  but  when  everything  is 
said,  what  else  is  the  Pool,  but  a  Sick- 
benefit  and  Life-insurance  policy  for  the 
continuous  welfare  and  growth  of  the 
insf ituiion,  by  which  producers  are  as- 
sured of  a  share  in  the  ultimate  profits 
accruing  from  the  tale  or  marketing  of 
their  own  products. 

You  maj  possibly  have  looked  askance 
on  life-insurance  once  ufion  a  time,  or 
you  may  possibly  take  a  pessimistic  view 
of  the  |)resent  pool  movement,  but  you 
can  be  sure  that  just  as  life  insurance  has 
proven  a  blessing  to  civilization,  so  will 
the  pool  movement  e\entu»lly  prove  to 
be  the  vehicle  to  carry  prosperity  back 
to  the  farm,  and  increased  returns  for 
the  produce  of  the  land,  without  neces- 
sarily increasing  the  cost  of  living  for 
tho^e  who  pursue  other  trades. 

There  is  no  doubt  about  the  success 
of  the  Wheat  Pool;  it  is  a  proven  fact 
today  in  spite  of  anything  w  hich  has  been 
said  to  the  contrary,  and  wc  will  therefore 
now  turn  our  atten  ion  to  the  Dairy- 
Pool  movement,  which  is  really  the  aim 
of  our  discussion. 

We  have  no  quarrel  with  any  of  the 
privately  owned  com[)anie8,  who  all  have 
furnished  splendid  service  in  building  up 
of  the  industry,  but  it  must  be  remem- 
bered, that  all  of  these  services  since 
ha\e  been  paid  for  in  full.  The  plants 
which  were  founded  all  started  up  from 


The  Ontario  Hydro-Electric  Com- 
mission has  spent  $8,523,191.20  on 
transmission  from  the  Ottawa  River 
to  Toronto,  according  to  Hon.  J.  R. 
Cook,  hydro  commissioner.  The 
cost  of  the  transmission  lines  was 
$4,652,069.10. 


small  beginnings  and  were  enlarged  and 
added  to  as  business  expanded,  paid  for 
by  the  profits  accumulated  in  the  busi- 
ness, besides  making  their  owners  inde- 
pendently wealthy.  With  such  an  ex- 
ample before  us,  it  should  not  cause  any 
surprise  if  the  producer  at  last  should 
decide  to  enter  the  business  and  sell 
direct  to  the  buyer  and  consumer  of  his 
products,  and  estabhsh  up-to-date  manu- 
facturing plants,  without  more  addi- 
tional cost  than  under  the  old  system. 

The  shipper,  who  patronizes  a  privately 
owned  creamery,  unless  offered  some 
special  inducement  over  and  above  the 
actual  market-prices  for  his  product,  is 
no  better  off  than  the  tenant  in  a  rented 
house.  In  twenty  years'  time  he  has 
no  more  say  in  the  place  which  he  would 
call  home  than  when  he  entered  it;  he 
has  no  more  interest  in  the  property  than 
then  and  has  nothing  to  show  at  the  end 
of  the  term  but  a  bunch  of  rent  receipts. 
This  is  the  point  which  we  wish  to  drive 
home. 

So  long  as  you  ship  your  product  to  a 
privately  owned  organization  you  are  en- 
tirely under  control  of  a  single  Eastern 
Corporation,  you  receive  the  market 
price,  and  that  ends  it.  On  the  other 
hand,  if  you  feel  that  you  are  a  farmer 
and  that  you  realize  your  welfare  is  so 
absolutely  depending  upon  a  prosperous 
country  and  a  happy  and  contented 
population,  you  will  co-operate  with  your 
fellow  men  and  support  the  institutions 
which  are  organized  for  mutual  benefit, 
and  the  advantage  of  the  farming  com- 
munities. 

Simple  Common  Sense 

Man  alive;  it  is  only  common  sense. 
You  receive  the  full  market  value  for 
your  product,  but  over  and  above  that 
you  are  building  up  a  separate  interest 
for  yourself,  being  a  share-holder,  which 
is  as  good  as  a  savings  account  in  the 
bank,  in  an  enterprise  on  which  you  will 
receive  the  interest  payments  which  now 
go  to  pay  dividends  elsewhere.  Mind 
you,  the  Pool  creameries  or  Co-operative 
Creameries  are  the  coming  plants,  as  a 
short  cut  to  better  farming  conditions. 
They  are  operated  for  the  farmer,  by  the 
farmer,  with  the  object  of  mutual  benefit 
to  the  producer  and  consumer  alike. 

I  have  tried  to  state  concisely  the  ad- 
vantages in  the  present  Dairy  Pool  move- 
ment to  the  producer,  and  personally  I 
know  of  which  I  speak,  having  practically 
grown  up  with  the  dairy  industry  in  the 
Province.  I  started  in  with  Mr.  P. 
Pallesen  in  the  Central  Creameries  in  the 
year  1917,  and  have  seen  the  business 
develop  from  a  small  concern  to  its 
present  size. 

Before  closing  my  remarks,  I  wish  to 
recount  a  conversation  which  took  place 
a  few  years  ago  at  one  of  the  annual 
dairy  conventions  in  Edmonton.  The 
speaker  was  an  independent  operator  at 
tne  time,  and  the  pool  topic  had  just 
been  up  foi  discussion.  The  pool  idea,  he 
said,  would  shortlj'  override  the  country- 
side like  a  steam-roller,  and  when  it  did 
come,  he  added,  "I  am  going  to  jump  on 
because  it  will  be  a  matter  of  self-pre.-^erva- 
tion;  Mon,  I  will  rather  be  on  top,  than 
below  it,"  and  to-day  he  has  proved 
the  soununess  of  his  judgment,  bnth  to  hi- 


April  lit,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


(307)  51 


own  benefit,  and  for  the  good  of  his  pa- 
trons. 

For  vour  own  good,  and  the  good  of 
your  feUow-producers,  I  am  urging  you  to 
support  the  Dairy  Pool.    You  will  lose 
no  money  by  it,  and  you  w  ill  become  a 
shareholder  in   your  own   concern,  re- 
ceiving your  dividend  on  the  ba-^is  of  the 
extent  of  your  support.    It  ia  your  busi- 
ness, so  why  go  elsewhere. 
Yours  truly, 
WILLIAM  J.  A.  VOSS, 
Formerly   Assistant    Manager    with  P. 
Pallesen,  of  the  Central  Creameries,  Ltd. 


ATTENTION  RADIO  LISTENERS 

Editor,  The  U.F.Ai 

I  wish  to  call  attention  to  the  strong 
parliamentary  lobby  which  is  now  in 
operation  in  Ottawa.  A  strong  attack 
is  being  made  against  the  Aird  Radio 
Report,  whose  recommendations,  if  car- 
ried out,  will  ensure  to  the  people  of 
Canada  freedom  of  the  air  with  regard  to 
Radio  Broadcasting. 

The  lobby  is  in  the  interests  of  pri- 
vately owned  broadcasting  stations  the 
owners  of  which  hope  to  monopolize  the 
air  to  the  exclusion  of  other  interests 
than  their  own. 

The  importance  of  combatting  the 
efforts  of  the  lobby  are  made  obvious 
when  it  is  remembered  that  many  stations 
are  now  owned  by  a  string  of  newspapers 
and  by  corporations  with  enormous  finan- 
cial resources.  The  interests  of  these  are 
not  always  the  interests  of  the  general 
public;  but  by  the  aid  of  their  news- 
papers supplemented  by  the  new  medium 
of  communication,  propaganda  is  broad- 
cast with  a  view  of  persuading  the  people 
otherwise. 

If  the  radio  listeners  belonging  to  all 
U.F.A.  Locals  will  constitute  themselves 
a  branch  of  "The  Canadian  Broadcast 
Listeners  League"  and  pass  suitable  reso- 
lutions in  favor  of  public  ownership, 
control  and  operation  of  Broadcast  Sta- 
tions, along  the  lines  recommended  by 
the  Aird  Royal  Commission  and  forward 
such  resolutions  to  the  Prime  Minister, 
the  Leader  of  the  Opposition  and  to  the 
local  M.P.,  much  will  be  done  to  preserve 
to  the  public  a  means  of  diffusion  of 
views  on  matters  which,  for  selfish  finan- 
cial interests,  are  now  carefully  withheld 
from  the  columns  of  a  portion  of  the 
daily  press. 

We  have  now  an  opportunity  of  pre- 
serving the  new  form  of  radio  communi- 
cation to  the  public,  and  which  under 
proper  public  ownership  of  stations  and 
national  control  will  be  available  for  the 
enlightenment  of  our  people  by  all  who 
have  anything  of  real  importance  to  tell. 
The  Aird  Report,  too,  points  the  only 
way  in  which  we  can  be  assured  of  the 
highest  class  of  Canadian  entertainment. 
To  achieve  this  it  is  absolutely  necessary 
in  our  sparsely  settled  and  enormous 
country  to  have  national  financial  sup- 
port through  the  agency  of  which  suitably 
powerful  stations  can  only  be  constructed 
and  maintained. 

1  therefore  urge  all  Radio  Listeners  to 
take  prompt  action  so  that  the  efforts  of 
the  Radio  Lobby  may  be  confounded. 
The  alternative  is  Radio  under  privately 
owned  monopoly  with  duplication  and 
mediocre  programs  and  studied  pro- 
paganda. 

If  the  lobby  is  successful  in  defeating 
the  recommendations  of  the  Aird  Com- 
mission, we  shall  be  deprived  of  hearing 
whatever  the  great  financial  interests 
choose  to  keep  off  the  air  as  they  now 
choose  what  we  shall  read  io  the  privately 


owned  press.  As  a  direct  consequence, 
too,  we  shall  be  condemned  to  listen  to 
Canadian  programs  which  are  mediocre 
or  be  forced  to  listen  to  the  better  pro- 
grams of  foreign  corporations  who  can 
afford  to  so  advertise  their  wares;  and 
eventually  to  have  no  choice  other  th+n 
what  a  foreign  people  like  to  prescribe 
for  our  ears  as  they  now  do  for  our  eyes 
and  ears  through  the  medium  of  the 
movie-talkie  screen. 

Listeners-in,  get  busy  at  once!  Meet 
and  pass  j'our  resolution  and  send  it  to 
Ottawa  so  that  we  may  secure,  for  all 
time,  the  freedom  of  the  radio  channels  of 
the  air. 

JAMES  H.  HODSON. 
Nanpanton  Farm,  Wetaskiwin. 


U.F.A. 

Veterans*  Section 

 ^  

S.SJB.  ACT 
Editor,  The  U.F.A: 

It  was  with  great  interest  and  appre- 
ciation that  I  read  of  the  resolution 
adoi>ted  at  the  last  convention  in  regard 
to  changes  of  the  S.S.B.  Act,  namely, 
that  all  loans  be  non-interest  bearing: 
that  all  annual  payments  be  on  one-third 
crop  share  basis;  that  absolute  security 
of  tenure  be  guaranteed  so  long  as  this 
condition  is  complied  with. 

To  those  who  are  not  involved  and 
who  regard  the  settler  as  fortunate  in 
having  been  able  to  secure  this  settlement 
loan,  this  may  seem  a  lot  to  ask  for: 
but  to  the  settler  who  has  struggled 
through  ten  years  of  heart-breaking  hard- 
ships and  disappointment,  doing  his  level 
best  to  meet  all  his  obligations,  but  yet 
surelj'  and  steadily  losing  ground  in  the 
face  of  relentless  conditions,  it  comes  as 
a  beacon  of  hope,  renewing  lagging 
energy. 

Going  on  as  we  have  up  to  now,  there 
is  little  hope;  we  are  still  faced  with 
endless  years  of  hardship  and  penury. 
Try  as  we  may  the  odds  are  against  us 
and  the  grim  spectre  of  insecurity  hovers 
above  us,  sapping  our  strength  and  cour- 
age with  its  threatening  shadow. 

Is  this  condition  the  result  of  the 
settlers'  lack  of  ability,  lack  of  courage, 
lack  of  energy?  Surely  not!  Only  the 
most  unreasonable  antagonist  would  make 
such  a  sweeping  statement  against  the 
thousands  of  men  who  took  up  land  under 
the  S.S.B.  scheme.  Is  it  because  the 
personnel  of  the  Board  have  used  unjust, 
or  unnecessarily  harsh  methods  towards 
the  settler,  making  an  abuse  of  their 
official  authority?  Absolutely  not.  To 
my  knowledge  they  have  always  been 
honest  towards  the  settler,  making  allow- 
ance for  a  settler's  misfortune,  and  being 
lenient  where  leniency  was  deserved. 

Health  Impaired 

But  this  has  not  solved  the  settlers' 
problem;  in  fact,  it  has  made  it  worse. 
If  the  settler  had  lost  his  farm  in  the 
first  year  or  so,  he  would  still  have  been 
able  to  take  up  some  other  occupation 
and  make  good  at  it,  but  after  years  of 
struggle  and  poverty  on  a  farm  his  char- 
acter, health  and  general  ability  have 
been  so  far  impaired  as  to  make  it  prob- 
lematical whether  he  could  again  hold 
his  own  against  other  men,  more  youthful 
and  better  equipped  to  compete  in  the 
over-crowded  labor  market.  Therefore, 
the  only  logical  thing  for  him  to  do  is  to 
struggle  on,  hoping  against  hope  to  make 
good  and  wawl  out  from  under  his  terrific 


burden  of  debts.  He  may  do  so  in  time, 
but  long  before  he  does  he  will  be  old  ana 
badly  crippled  with  various  ills  because 
of  over-work  and  lack  of  proper  care, 
that  he  could  not  afford  for  himself  or  his 
family.  Is  this  to  be  the  ultimate  reward 
of  patriotism  from  a  country  which  claims 
ever-increasing  prosperity?  1  am  sure  it 
cannot  be  intentional,  but  nevertheless 
the  ill  is  there. 

Burden  of  Interest 

Let  us  take  the  first  clause  alone — it  ia 
the  one  that  really  matters — that  the 
loan  be  non-interest  bearing.  Does  the 
average  per.son  or  the  Government  realize 
the  full  significance  of  the  hardship 
interest  brings  to  bear  on  an  otherwise 
honest,  willing  and  industrious  man? 
On  an  average  good  year^  a  settler  can 
barely  meet  all  his  obligations;  on  a  pOor 
year  he  goe.s  behind,  because,  the  poorer 
the  year  the  greater  are  his  expenses. 
Re  must  purchase  far  more  on  a  poor 
crop  year  than  he  does  on  a  good  crop 
year.  If  two  or  three  poor  crop  years 
follow  one  another,  he  is  swamped  under 
an  accumulation  of  arrears,  interest  and 
taxes  pile  up  at  an  alarming  rate,  and' 
one  or  two  good  crop  ye;ira  are  not  enough 
to  pull  him  out.  of  his  difficulties.  By 
the  time  he  begins  to  hoi)e  agsin,  another 
poor  crop  comes  along  and  flattens  him 
out  for  another  stietch  of  years.  And 
so  it  goes. 

Farming  is  not  a  get-rich-qiiick  propo- 
sition. It  offers  a  decent  living  to  those 
who  own  their  farm  clear  of  incumbrance, 
but  to  those  starting  with  borrowed 
capital,  it  is  a  hopeless  case;  but  with  no 
interest  to  accumulate  and  a  crop  basis 
of  payments,  there  is  not  a  settler  who 
could  not  pull  out  by  paying  for  his  farm. 

JUST  ANOTHER. 

Reward  Wheat 


The  greatest  promise  for  a  continued 
profitable  w  heat  production  in  the  Prairie 
Provinces  is  in  the  production  of  wheat 
of  such  high  milling  quality  that  it  will 
be  in  demand  at  a  premium  price  on  the 
world's  markets,  states  V.  II.  Reed,  sup- 
erintendent of  the  Lacombe  Experimental 
Station.  The  new  variety.  Reward,  he 
declares,  is  the  highest  in  milling  qualities 
of  any  variety  so  far  produced,  being  in 
some  qualities  superior  .  even  to  the 
famous  Marqui.o.  Although  not  quite  so 
henvy  in  yield  as  Marquis,  Reward  is  a 
full  week  earlier,  and  one  of  the  heaviest 
yieldera  of  the  early  varieties.  The  yield 
has  steadily  increased  as  this  variety  has 
adapted  itself  to  Alberta  conditions,  dur- 
ing the  seven  years  in  which  it  has  been 
under  test  at  the  Lacombe  Experimental 
Station.    The  straw  isof  excellent  quality. 

During  1928  and  1929  all  the  first 
prizes  and  championships  at  all  the  lead- 
ing grnin  shows  on  the  continent  were  won 
by  Reward  wheat.  At  the  World's  Grain 
Exhibition  to  be  held  at  Regina  in  1932. 
there  will  be  two  cla.«8e8  for  hard  red 
spring  wheat,  with  75  prizes  ranging  from 
$2,500  to  $100  each.  The  majority  of 
these  prizes  should  come  to  Alberta  farm- 
ers, in  Mr.  Reed's  opinion,  and  those 
grow  ing  Reward  would  have  a  very  great 
advantage.  Wheat  grown  in  1930  and 
1931  will  be  eligible. 

The  Lacombe  Experimental  Station  has 
a  considerable  quantity  of  Certified  Re- 
ward wheat  for  sale. 


"Though  I  disagree  with  every  word 
you  say,  I  will  defend  with  my  life  yogi 
right  to  say  it."— Voltaire. 


62  f308) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  1st,  1930 


LIGHTS  ON  AFMAMENTS  RING 

(Continued  from  pagp  8) 
Light  is  thrown  on  the  a^ti^itie8  of 
KrurPB  in  Germany,  a  frm  whirh  rount- 
ed  f  ftv-two  countries  amone  its  customers. 
Sheriff  before  the  outbreak  of  the 
Six  Weeks  War  between  Austria  and. 
Prussia,  in  direct  defance  of  Bismarck, 
Krupp  sold  puns  to  the  Austrians,  which 
were  then  used  in  the  war  to  shoot  down 
Krupp's  own  countrymen.  France  t  hen 
became  an  esteemed  customer,  and  Krupp 
was  made  an  officer  of  the  French  I  egion 
of  Honor.        later  a  fusee  patent  was 

f)Ut  in  the  possession  of  Vickers,  in  Eng- 
and,  for  which,  after  the  v\ar,  Krupp 
claimed  ccmpensaticn  to  the  tune  of  a 
ehilUng  per  fusee — more  than  £fi, 000,000! 
His  wages  for  arming  the  enemyl 
Supplies  for  the.Enemy 
The  English  frms,  Vickers  and  Arm- 
strong, like  Krupps,  also  owed  a  large 
part  of  their  business  prcsj-erity  to  foreign 
sales.  Turkey  was  a  good  customer, 
and  was  so  well  supplied  that  during 
the  war  English  soldiers  in  the  Dar- 
danelles were  shot  down  with  cannon 
that  had  been  sold  by  England  to  Tuikey. 
Had  the  English  Tommies  known  that 
the  shells  thundering  down  on  them  from 
the  Dardanelles  forts  were  of  good  Vickers 
and  Armstrong  manufacture  it  might 
have  added  fuel  to  the  f re  of  their  patrio- 
tism. Their  comrades  at  sea  had  the 
same  experience  when  an  English  ship  was 
sunk  by  a  mine  sold  by  England  to 
Turkey. 

In  the  years  before  the  War  the  arma- 
ment concerns  had  developed  to  an  as- 
tounding degree  of  interwoven  organiza- 
tion. At  their  head  stood  the  three  main 
groups:  the  English  (Vickers,  Arm- 
strcng),  the  German  fKrupp,  Stumm), 
and  the  French  (Schneider-Creuzot).  The 
Russian  (Putilov)  and  the  Italian  (Terni) 
concerns,  also  the  armament  factories 
of  other  lands,  were  gradually  bought 
up  by  the  three  leading  groups. 

Vickers  founded  the  Vicker- Terni  Ro- 
siety  in  Italy,  and  took  over,  together 
with  Armstrong,  half  of  the  capital  of  the 
Japanese  armament  factories  at  Mutoran. 
The  same  English  group  acquired  the 
Spani.sh  "Naval  Construction  Establish- 
ment" at  Ferrol,  and  founded  the  Portu- 
guese Fleet  Building  Syndicate.  Krupp 
formed  close  connections  with  the  Aus- 
trian frm,  Skoda,  while  the  building  of 
the  Russian  fieet  after  the  Russo-Japan- 
ese War  took  place  through  the  collabora- 
tion of  Biitish,  French,  German,  Bel- 
gian and  American  firms. 

Expensive  Sentimentalism 

The  armament  manufacturer  goes  his 
waj",  making  pcneral  capital  out  of  other 
people's  pnttiotium,  but  unluirdened  by 
such  exrensive  sentimentalism  himself. 
His  business  interests  demand  increased 
sales  and  higher  prof ts;  the  one  relieves 
him  from  a  too  fnicky  discrimination 
between  his  customers,  and  tlie  other 
makes  him  an  efficient  organizer  of  rings 
and  cartels  in  order  to  exact  monopoly 
prices. 

Thus  we  fnd,  after  the  foundation  of 
the  two  great  French  syndicates  in  1898, 
the  price  licr  kilo  of  steel  plate  rose 
from  2.27f.  to  2.05f.— a  slight  difference 
seeing  that  a  dreadnought  needs  five 
million! 

Krupps  at  one  time  came  under  the 
accusation  of  selling  cheaper  to  the 
American  than  the  German  Government; 
the  explanation  being  that  they  had  got 
the  monopoly  in  the  German  market, 
but  had  to  meet  c<impetitive  prices  in 
Amerrca.  Internptional  agreements  for 
price  fixing  are  legion. 

Co-operation  among  armament  manu- 
facturers is  further  encouraged  by  the  fact 


that  an  increase  in  one  country  provokes  a 
corresponding  increase  in  another.  To 
get  the  right  atmosphere  for  this  the 
ncTispapers  can,  if  necessary,  be  drawn 
into  service.  In  1?)07  a  number  of  articles 
appeared  in  difftrent  French  newspapers 
al  li  e  ins;i<ialion  of  the  German  W  njfen 
uvd  Muviliovsfobriken,  praising  the  su- 
periority of  the  French  machine  guns 
and  the  con.sequent  relatively  hifher 
efficiency  of  the  French  forces.  The 
representative  of  the  German  frm  then 
approached  the  German  Government 
with  these  articles,  and  as  a  result  an  in- 
crease of  German  armaments  was  unani- 
mously voted! 

The  Part  of  the  Banks 

The  Banks  also  can  play  a  helpful  role; 
on  three  occasions  money  lent  by  Aus- 
trian Banks  to  China  was  accom^anifd 
with  the  condition  that  a  part  of  the 
money  should  be  used  in  the  purcha.se 
of  arms  of  Austrian  manufacture.  If 
to  this  we  were  to  add  statistics  as  to 
what  extent  high  Government  officials 
are  shareholders  in  armament  firms  and  to 
V  hat  extent  shares  are  held  in  foreign 
frms,  we  might  get  an  adequate  picture 
of  the  measure  of  patriotism  in  the  arma- 
ment industry. 

Even  the  war  itself  did  not  put  -an 
end  to  these  international  relations. 
Though  the  labor  International  had 
broken  down,  the  Dynamite  Trust  Inter- 
national was  still  able  to  accommodate 
shareholders  by  an  exchange  of  shares 
between  England  and  Germanv'  with  the 
approval  of  the  Governments  on  both 


sides.  Miich  more  serious  was  the  trading 
that  still  went  on.  German  steel  was 
imported  throuerh  Swit7er]and  into  France 
to  be  used  indirectly  in  the  manufacture 
of  French  ammunitions,  and  Germany's 
urgent  need  for  copper  was  in  part  sup- 
plied by  England  through  Sweden. 

Whatever  was  the  position  before  the 
war,  the  characteristic  features  are  'all 
sharpened  and  intensified  now.  Change 
in  the  technique  of  war  has  tremendously 
increased  the  number  of  industries,  at 
present  perhaps  manufacturing  for  only 
civil  needs,  but  so  equipped  as  to  carry 
through  a  rapid  adaptation  for  the  pro- 
duction of  war  materials.  The  Govern- 
ment can  more  economically  subsidize 
such  industries  than  maintain  expensive 
establishments  itself. 

The  Next  War 

A  future  war  would  draw  into  its  pro- 
duction processes  a  wide  range  of  indus- 
tries: the  heavy  industries,  iron,  steel, 
coal;  the  chemical  industries:  poison  gases 
and  the  oil-v  inning  industry;  the  last  of 
these  earns  millions  from  any  extra 
fieet  movements  and  would  be  a  deciding 
factor  in  a  future  war. 

All  of  these  are  highly  trustified  and 
draw  n  into  price  rings.  It  is  these  facts 
which  do  not  enable  one  to  be  optimistic 
upon  the  constructive  proposal  with 
which  the  author  closes  his  treatise.  After 
the  failure  of  the  League  of  Nations  to 
achieve  anything  material,  he  proposes 
the  abolition  of  .all  profit  in  armament 
manufacture  as  the  one  measure  to  which 
all  parties  can  subscribe  and  productive 


Join  Up! 

The  Will-to-Power  is  a  wonderful  thing 

Possessed  by  the  VERY  FEW; 
And  to  keep  this  power  in  a  nice  small  ring 
Where  THEY  shall  be  Lords  of  everything, 
Supreme  in  their  power  as  any  king. 

All  freedom  they  therefore  eschew. 

But  you  and  I  know  to  our  lasting  regret 

(Provided  you've  studied  this  theme) 
That  although  we  produce  yet  we  still  have  to  sweat 
And  toil  long  hours,  a  bare  living  to  get. 
We  work  hard  to  feed  the  whole  world' — and  yet 

We  get  the  milk,  TEEY  the  cream! 

That  there's  surely  no  sense  in  this  queer  situation 

Perhaps  you,  too,  will  agree, 
And  it  surely  is  hard  in  a  time  of  deflation 
When  the  price  of  farm  products  has  gone  to  'tarnation 
To  say  in  a  spirit  of  true  approbation 

"Why  yes,  this  system  suits  me." 

For,  mark  you,  my  friends,  and  in  this  lies  the  kernel, 

You  only  get  paid  for  your  skill 
By  a  medium  which  Cm  a  manner  eternal) 
Stretches  or  shrinks,  by  some  cause  external, 
Now  dollar,  now  six-hits,  now  four  bits — the  infernal 

Thing  never  is  still. 

Say  you  go  to  an  agent  and  on  time  buy  a  plow, 

And  wheat  is  a  dollar  that  day. 
And  it  takes  eighty  bushels  to  pay  for  it  now. 
Or  three  fat  hogs,  or  a  dairy  cow ; 
Then  prices  drop  'ere  the  note  comes  due 

And  what  do  you  have  to  pay? 

Instead  of  the  'eighty'  more  likely  it's  true 

That  a  hundred  won't  cover  the  bill, 
Nor  five  fat  hogs,  nor  one  cow — nor  two! 
So  what  does  the  "dollar"  mean  really  to  you 
When  its  purchasing  power  has  gone  all  askew 

And  you've  hungry  tummies  to  fill? 

Let  us  study  this  question  of  money  and  credit 

To  find  what  solution  we  may. 
Read  up  on  the  subject,  and  when  you  have  read  it 
Discuss  with  your  neighbor  proposals  to  mend  it, 
And  if  the  old  system  has  earned  you  discredit, 

Join  up  with  the  old  U.F.A. 

N.  V.  FEARNEHOUGH. 

Morrin  U.F.A.  Local. 


April  1st,  1930 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


(309)  53 


of  immediate  relief.  But  the  complicated 
connections  of  armament  manufacture 
to-day,  the  impossibility  of  defining  its 
limits,  and  its  inclusion  of  a  network 
of  powerful  interests  whose  opposition 
\sould  not  be  lightly  overcome,  will,  one 
surmises,  compel  the  struggle  to  be  fought 
out  on  wider  issues. 


Clean  Your  Seed! 

"As  thou  sow  est,  so  shalt  thou  reap,'' 
wrote  Cicero  centuries  ago,  and  biblical 
and  mundane  authors  have  kept  this 
maxim  of  nature  ever  before  us;  and  the 
moral  is — You  may  not  always  be  able 
to  sow  the  best  of  seed  but  you  can  always 
sow  clean  seed. 

Not  only  is  it  a  well  known  fact  that 
clean  seed"  is  a  most  eflertive  method  of 
weed  control  but  experimental  work  by 
the  Dominion  Department  of  Agriculture 
and  the  Canadian  Seed  Growers'  Asso- 
ciation shows  that  clean  seed  pays. 

The  cleaning  of  seed  is  a  practice  w  hich 
has  been  followed  ever  since  man  first 
began  to  plant,  the  methods  ranging 
from  the  primitive  to  the  ultra-mOdern. 
We  are  most  of  us  familiar  with  the 
primitive  practice  of  holding  a  measure 
of  grain  or  seed  shoulder-high  and  letting 
it  drop  to  the  floor,  the  breeze  carrying 
the  chaff  along  with  it,  leaving  a  pile  of 
seed  at  the  feet  of  th«  cleaner.  We  are 
also  familiar  with  another  primitive  prac- 
tice of  float-testing  many  types  of  seed, 
particularly  mangel  and  sugar  beet. 

The  ultra-modern  seed  cleaning  methods 
range  from  the  Government  seed  clean- 
ing plants  at  Moose  Jaw,  serving  a  j  art 
of  the  prairie  area,  to  the  adaptation  of 
screens  and  sieves  in  the  fanning  mill. 

The  cleaner  the  seed  the  better  its 
quplity  and  while  you  may  not  be  able 
to  afford  No.  1  clean  seed  always  you  can 
afford,  and  will  be  more  than  repaid,  to 
see  that  the  seed  you  use  is  clean. 


WARNS  CHURCHES 

"The  Church  in  Prussia  has  unfortun- 
ately, been  identified  for  many  years  w;ith 
the  very  forces  of  social  and  political 
tyranny  which  are  now  overthrown.  It 
is  inevitable  that  she  should  to  a  large 
extent  suffer  their  fate.  And  that  fate 
is  a  warning  to  all  branches  of  the  Church 
of  the  folly  of  supporting  religion  with 
artificial  buttresses." — Scots  Observer  and 
Church  Weekly,  the  organ  of  the  Scottish 
Churches,  Feb.  13th,  1930. 


HONEY  FROM  PRAIRIES 

Of  the  25,000,000  pounds  of  honey 
annually  produced  in  Canada  nearly  one- 
third  comes  from  the  three  prairie  Prov- 
inces of  Western  Canada — Manitoba, 
Saskatchewan  and  Alberta.  In  1929  the 
total  output  in  these  three  Provinces  was 
7,818,000  pounds,  of  which  Manitoba 
produced  6,899,000  pounds  from  2,856 
apiaries.  Alberta  514,000  pounds,  and 
Saskatchewan  400,000  pounds. 

Only  within  the  past  few  years  has 
production  of  honey  been  given  much 
attention  on  the  prairie  farms  of  Western 
Canada,  but  when  it  was  found  that  bees 
could  be  worked  in  as  a  very  profitable 
little  cash  side-line  on  the  average  farm 
honey  production  received  a  big  impetus. 


NOBLE  INSTINCT 

"Buddie,  how  did  you  get  that  black 
eye?" 

"I  was  protecting  a  little  boy." 
"That's  noble;  who  was  he?" 
"Me." 


Ordinary  saving  builds  an  estate 
— slowly.  But  what  if  your  needs 
demand  an  estate  created  — 
immediately  I 

See  the  Crown  "Life  Man  today  I 


Crown  Life 


Insurance  Companv 

L.  ST.  C.  GAETZ,  Superintendent  for  North  Alberta 
Tegler  Block,  Edmonton 
P.  GROSS,  Superintendent,  Central  Alberta 
Leeson  &  Lineham  Bldg.,  Calgai^y 


WILLIAM  PENN  MOTOR  OIL 


THE  OIL  WITH  AN  ENVIABLE  REPUTATION 


A  weight  for  every  Motor  Car, 
Truck  and  Tractor. 


NORTH   STAR   OIL  LIMITED 

WINNIPEG  REGINA  SASKATOON  BRANDON 

PRINCE  ALBERT 

CALGARY  EDMONTON  LETHBRIDGE  STETTLER 

CAMROSE  SWIFT  CURRENT  ROSETOWN 


SWINE 


BEG.  POLAND  CHINA,  FEBKDABY,  MARCH  AND 

April  pigs.    R.  P.  Roop,  Millet,  Alta. 

YORKSHIRE  WEANLINGS,  FARROWED  MARCH 

11,  eiglit  weeks  with  papers,  $10.00.  John  Voung, 
Bindloss,  Alta. 

REGISTERED      YORKSHIRE  WEANLINGS.— 

Choice  February  litters  from  select  imported 
stock.  Your  opportunity.  Caralone  Stock  Farm, 
Fort  Saskatchewan,  Alta. 


LIVESTOCK 


POLLED  HEREFORD  BULLS,  READY  FOR  LIGHT 

service.    Ross  R.  Martin,  Gem,  Alberta. 


FOR  SALE— WJREBRED  CLYDE  STALLION,  Ris- 
ing three  years.    W.  Prouse,  Alix,  Alberta. 


Horses  Fresher  at  Night 
and  More  Work  Done 


Clip  Your  Horses— give  them 
new  life.    Clipped  Horses  do 
notsweattheir  strength  away. 
Groomed  in  a  quarter  of 
the  time. 


Ask  Your  Dealer  to  Show  You 
STEWART   Clipping  Machines 


LEGAL  AND  PATENTS 

W.  H.  SELLAR,  LL.B.,  BARRISTER  AND  SOLICI- 

tor,  306  Grain  Exchange  Building,  Calgary. 
Phone  M740o.    Residence  phone  S0365. 

FORD.  MILLER  &  HARTIE,  BARRISTERS,  SOU- 

citors.  Patent  Attorneys  and  Agents  for  all  coun- 
tries. 65  Canada  Life  Bldg.,  Calgary.  Patent 
drawings  and  applications  prepared  by  our  own 
staff,  ensuring  secrecy  and  prompt  service. 

A.  LANNAN  &  COMPANY,  BARRISTERS,  SOLICI- 

tors.  Notaries,  lll-Sth  Ave.  W.,  Calgary.  Phone 
M3429.  Specializing  in  Domestic  law,  including 
probate,  divorce  and  settlement  of  estates. 

SHORT,  ROSS,  SHAW  &  MAYHOOD— BARRIS- 

ters.  Solicitors,  Notaries.  Imperial  Bank  Bldg., 
Calgary.  • 


HEALTH 

OSTEOPATHIC    HEALTH    HO.\IE,  CALGARY— 

Fasting,  Dieting,  Baths,  Electricity,  Massage, 
Nervous  Diseases,  Piles  specialty. 


RADIO 

RADIO— SALES,     SERVICE,     REPAIRS.  ELE.C 

trical  Engineers,  Ltd.  Phone  M7979.  304  Eigh  h 
Ave.  W.,  Calgary. 


WASHING  MACHINES 

MAYTAG  WASHER  WITH  MAGNETO  ENGINE. 

Guaranteed.  SSS.QO.  Terms  available.  Alaytag, 
Calgary. 


64  (310) 


THE    U.  F.  A. 


April  1st,  1930 


Report  of  Canadian  Council  of  Agriculture  to 
U.F.A.  Convention 

Secretary  of  Conncil  Describes  Fight  Carried  on  Before  Tariff  Advisory  Board — Sees 
Grave  Danger  in  Tendency  of  Some  Farmer  Interests  to  Demand  Protection 


Describing  the  steps  which  led  to  the 
reorganizatioD  of  the  Canadian  Council 
of  Agriculture  during  last  vear  and  out- 
lining the  activities  of  the  Council  in 
1929,  a  detailed  report  prepared  by  Ar- 
thur E.  Darby.  Secretary,  was  presented 
to  the  Annual  Convention  of  the  United 
Farmers  of  Alberta  in  January.  Mr. 
Darby  dealt  in  particular  with  the  action 
taken  in  behalf  of  the  Council  at  the  sit- 
tings of  the  Advisory  Tariff  Board,  at 
which  he  was  constantly  in  attendance. 

In  accordance  with  established  policy, 
he  stated,  the  chief  work  had  been  carried 
on  in  connection  with  these  sittings,  and 
as  far  as  finances  had  permitted,  every 
effort  had  been  made  to  protect  the 
interests  of  the  farming  community  in 
connection  with  the  applications  made  to 
the  Tariff  Board  and  the  inquiries  in- 
stituted   by  it. 

A  Grave  Danger 

"There  is,  however,"  the  report  con- 
tinued, "a  grave  danger  which  cannot  be 
ignored,  of  the  Council's  efforts  in  this 
respect  being  seriously  hampered  and  the 
position  of  farmers  in  relation  to  tariff 
changes  being  impaired,  by  the  demands 
arising  for  increased  tariff  protection  of 
certain  farm  products.  The  chief  of  these 
concern  fruits  and  vegetables,  eggs  and 
butter. 

"What  will  be  the  position  of  the 
farmers  in  relation  to  the  tariff  if  in- 
creased protection  on  these  products  is 
obtained?  They  will  be  precluded  from 
opposing  effectively  the  increase  of  f)ro- 
tection  for  manufacturers.  Since  stimu- 
lation of  farm  production  in  Canada  very 
quickly  results  in  creating  surpluses 
which  must  be  exported,  the  increased 

[>rotection  will  rapidly  be  neutralized, 
eaving  the  farmers  to  pay  the  enhancea 
subsidies  to  manufacturing  industries  out 
of  profits  no  greater  than  before  they 
entered  upon  the  competition  for  pro- 
tective duties.  Nothing  will  please  the 
protected  interests  in  Canada  more  than 
persistence  of  farmers  in  these  ill-advised 
demands. 

"Agitation  for  protection  of  farm  pro- 
ducts is  based  on  the  desire  to  obtain 
higher  prices  for  them,  an<i  to  exclude 
competing  imports.  Hitherto  farmers 
have  looked  to  the  reduction  of  produc- 
tion expenses  and  of  the  cost  of  living  as 
the  means  of  increasing  the  returns  from 
their  industry.  Such  reductions  result 
from  the  operation  of  three  main  factors; 
first,  the  increase  in  their  skill  and  effi- 
ciency as  farmers;  second,  the  develop- 
ment of  co-operative  marketing  insti- 
tutions in  order  to  lessen  the  costs  of 
distribution  and  secure  for  the  producers 
themselves  the  profits  previously  paid  to 
middlemen;  and  third,  the  removal  of 
the  burden  thrown  upon  agriculture  by 
unjust  taxes  and  protective  duties.  The 
efficiency  of  farmers  is  being  steadily  in- 
creased by  the  introduction  of  ma(;hinery, 
by  the  prosecution  of  research  work  and 
ex)jerimeDtation,  and  by  the  improvement 
of  facilities  for  technical  education;  and 
the  degree  in  which  farming  efficiency  is 
Bo  increased  depends  largely  upon  the 
farmers  individually.  The  adoption  of 
co-operative  marketing  has  already 
brought-  appreciable  benefits,  and  the 
further  application  of  co-operativa  meth- 


ods may  be  relied  upon  to  increase  still 
mtire  the  savings  to  be  obtained. 

"The  desired  reforms  in  taxation  and 
trade  policies  cannot,  however,  be  achieved 
if  the  farmers  listen  to  the  specious  argu- 
ments that  they  are  entitled  to  artificial 
price  increases  and  that  equdfc|)rotection 
ought  to  be  accorded  to  agriculture  and 
to  manufacturing  industries.  Increase  of 
prices  by  arbitrary  interference  with  the 
natural  courses  of  production  and  trade 
cannot  bring  permanent  benefits  and  a 
protective  tariff  which  will  give  equal 
protection  to  all  cannot  be  devised.  Pro- 
tection is  in  essence  a  method  of  giving 
advantages  to  some  industries  and  in- 
terests at  the  expense  of  all  others.  Too 
much  insistence  on  increased  prices  is 
blinding  our  farmers  to  their  own  inter- 
ests and  causing  them  to  neglect  those 
means  of  increasing  their  profits  and 
prosperity  which  are  legitimately  avail- 
able to  them. 

"The  Tariff  Advisory  Board  has  pIso 
had  under  review  the  iron  and  steel 
schedule  in  the  tariff,  and  the  requests 
for  increased  protection  on  many  basic 
iron  products.  A  lengthy  inquiry  touch- 
ing every  aspect  of  the  iron  industry  in 
Canada  has  been  conducted,  the  Council 
being  represented  at  the  hearings  by  the 
Secretary.  In  the  later  stages  of  this 
investigation  a  tendency  was  evinced  to 
lay  particular  stress  upon  the  magnitude 
of  imports  from  the  United  States  and 
the  possibility  of  shutting  them  out  in 
order  to  increase  trade  with  Great  Bri- 
tain. The  concern  thus  displayed  by 
the  Tariff  Board  in  regard  to  future  trade 
policies  is  greatly  to  be  regretted.  The 
usefulness  of  the  Board  depends  upon  the 
maintenance  of  an  impartial  attitude  in 
the  discovery  of  the  facts  about  trade 
and  industry.  In  the  proportion  that 
the  Tariff  Board  undertakes  to  defend 
policies  already  adoi)ted  or  to  advocate, 
directly  or  by  suggestion,  the  adoption 
of  new  policies,  it  must  lose  in  prestige 
and  public  confidence.  In  stating  to  the 
Board  the  desire  of  the  Canadian  Council 
of  Agriculture  for  the  extension  of  the 
British  Preference  until  free  trade  with 
Britain  is  attained  and  for  the  reduction, 
simultaneously,  of  the  general  tariff  rates, 
the  Secretary  drew  attention  to  the  loss 
of  public  confidence  which  the  Board 
would  sustain  by  becoming  a  propagan- 
dist agency. 

Inconsistent  with  Peace  Policy 

"One  other  aspect  of  the  tariff  question 
remains  to  be  considered.  The  United 
l-'armers  of  Alberta  and  the  Canadian 
Council  of  Agriculture  have  long  demand- 
ed disarmament  and  the  substitution  of 
arbitration  for  war  in  the  settlement  of 
international  differences.  They  have  con- 
sistently demanded  the  abolition  of  war 
and  the  establishment  of  peace  among  the 
nations.  In^modern  conditions  a  warfare 
as  injurious  and  destructive  as  that  of 
armies  and  navies  can  be  carried  on  in 
the  economic  sphere.  Such  warfare  even 
now  is  threatened.  Protective  tariffs  are 
part  of  the  economic  armory  with  which 
that  warfare  is  wagea.  International 
peace  and  national  welfare  alike  demand 
that  our  efforts  to  abolish  tariffs  and  to 
establish  freedom  of  trade  shall  be  main- 
tained. 


"Since  your  last  Convention  Canada 
hf»s  signified  its  accpptacne  of  the  op'  ional 
clause  in  the  statute  establishing  the  per- 
manrnt  Court  of  International  .Justice. 
Canada  has  thus,  with  certain  reserva- 
tions, recognized  as  compulsory  the  sub- 
mis^'io^  to  the  World  Court  of  disputes 
with  other  nations,  also  signatories  to  the 
clause  with  regard  to  the  interpretation 
of  treaties,  questions  of  international  law 
and  breacnes  of  international  obligations. 
This  is  an  important  step  towards  the 
removal  of  possible  causes  of  war.  Surely 
persistence  in  commercial  policies  which 
increase  the  rink  of  economic,  if  not  of 
physical,  warfare  is  inconsistent  with  it. 

"The  policies  which  the  Council  has 
adopted  in  regard  to  various  national 
questions  have  been  advanced  by  pre- 
sentation to  the  members  of  the  Dominion 
Government  and  of  Parliament,  by  ar- 
ticles in  the  pre.ss  and  such  other  means 
as  have  fyresented  themselves.  During 
the  visit  of  Right  Honorable  J.  11.  Thomas 
to  Winnipeg,  for  exami)le,  an  opportunity 
occurred  and  was  utilized  to  lay  before 
him  the  views  of  the  Council  in  regard  to 
Imfierial  trade  and  immigration.  It  was 
imfjressed  upon  him  that  the  farmers' 
organizations  from  time  to  time  repre- 
sented by  the  Council  have  long  and 
consistently  urged  the  increase  of  the 
Briti.sh  preference  with  the  object  of 
ultimately  attaining  free  trade  with 
Britain. 

"In  October  last  the  position  of  the 
farmers  in  relation  to  taxation  and  their 
attitude  towards  the  income  and  other 
taxes  were  presented  to  the  Canadian 
Tax  Conference  held  in  Montreal  under 
the  aus[iices  of  the  Citizens'  Research 
Institute  of  Canada. 

"The  Secretary  of  the  Council  regards 
the  reassertion  in  the  strongest  terms  of 
the  attitude  of  the  farmers  of  the  VV'est 
in  regaid  to  the  tariff  policy  of  the  Do- 
minion as  especially  desirable  at  the  pres- 
ent juncture." 

SITKA  SPRUCE  USED  IN  PLANES 

Sitka  spruce  on  the  Pacific  Coast  of 
Canada  with  its  light  weight  combined 
with  it«  strength,  is  used  universally  it 
areofilane  manufacture. 


ALASKA  OATS  A  NEW  EARLY 
VARIETY 
Many  districts  require  an  earlier 
oat  than  Banner  or  Victory.  One 
bushel  of  well  riijened  oats  is  worth 
two  bushels  of  frozen  immature  oats. 
Alaska  oats  ripen  in  two  weeks  or 
more  less  time  than  Banner  or  Victory. 
They  are  a  white,  thin  hulled,  good 
feeding  oat.  The  Dominion  Ejcperi- 
mental  Station  are  offering  No.  I  Cer- 
tified Alaska  oats,  grown  on  breaking, 
thoroughly  cleaned  and  sacked  at 
$1.50  per  bushel  f.o.b.  Lacombe. 


REWARD  SEED  WHEAT 
Reward  wheat  is  the  greatest  show 
vaiiety  so  far  produced.  "Grow  Re- 
ward and  Win."  has  come  to  be  a 
slogan  among  professional  grain  exhi- 
bitors, as  it  is  unequalled  for  color, 
weight  and  milling  qualities.  The 
Dominion  Ejcperimental  Station,  La- 
combe, are  offering  Certified,  No.  I 
Grade,  Reward  seed  at  $2.25  per 
bushel,  thoroughly  cleaned  and  sacked. 
Grow  Reward  and  win  some  of  the  very 
large  prizes  at  the  World's  Grain 
Elxhibition  at  Regina  in  1932. 


Apnl  lat,  1930 


THE      U.  F.  A. 


(311)  £1 


POTATOES 


Seed   potatoes.  —  early   ohio,  buss 

Triumph,  Nelied  Gem,  grown  from  Government 
Certitied  Seed,  at  $2.50  bus.  Payment  and  ship- 
ment May  iBt.  Order  now  to  ensure  supply. 
Ftant  seed  of  proven  vitality  and  harvest  a  good 
crop.  A  thousand  gardens  will  grow  our  seed 
this  year.  J.  Harris, ' "Old  Edberg"  Farm,  Edbere, 
Alberta.  Bliss  l>iiunph,  a  recent  introduction, 
early,  good  cropper. 

POTATOES,  $1.60  BUS.  AT  MEANOOK,  SACKS 

lUo.    J.  Laverne,  Meanook,  Aita. 


SEED  AND  FEED 


CHOICE  WHITE   BLOSSOM   SWEET  CLOVEB. 

reoieaned  and  sacked,  F.0£.  Oyen,  Alia.  Mra. 
Anna  Mehl. 

REGISTESED  MABQUIS  WHEAT,  Srd  OENESA- 

tion,  Reg.  Grade  1,  germJnation  96  in  six  days. 
Certificate  No.  79-1614.  $1.75  per  bushel,  sack* 
included.  Mueller  Bros.,  Ghost  Pine  Creek, 
Alta. 

GOOD   BALED  RED   TOP   HAT   FOB  SALE.— 

Prepared  for  immediate  delivery,  wire  or  write, 
Aspen  Glen  Farm,  Faust,  Alberta. 

BEGISTEBED  BANNER  OATS.  FIRST  GENERA- 

tion.  Grade  No.  1.  $7 .50  per  3  bushel  sack.  Shipped 
from  Camrose  to  C.N.R.  stations.  Nels  Linden, 
Wetsskiwin,  Alberta. 

SELLINO  MARQtnS  WHEAT.  GRADE  1,  GEB- 

mination  9S  per  cent  six  days.  Red  Bobs  222, 
grade  3,  germination  96  per  cent  six  days.  Prices 
on  application.    A.  W.  Miller,  Rockyford,  Aita. 

REWARD  WHEAT,  CERTIFICATE  7965,  GRADE 
One,  $2.40;  over  30  bushels,  $2  10,  induding 
bags  and  seed  rate.  £.  Fetherstonh,  Fort  Saak., 
Alta. 

MARQDIS  WHEAT  —  GRADE  1.  GERMINA- 

tion  99  per  cent,  six  days;  certificate  No.  79-403; 
65  lbs.  bushel.  Cleaned,  ready  for  drill.  Pool 
members  only.  $2.U0  per  bushel;  sacks  free.  J. 
Crossley,  Delbume,  Alta. 

CERTIFIED  REWARD  WHEAT— GRADE  NO.  1, 

$2.60  per  bushel,  sacks  included  Every  bag 
inspected  and  sealed  by  Government  Seed  In- 
spector. Carter  disc  cleaned:  grown  on  breaking 
from  Herman  1  relic's  prize-winning  seed  wheat. 
E   R.  Kallal,  Tofield. 

REWARD.  OFF  BREAKING,  GRADE  NO.  1.  DISC 

cleaned,  C.  S.  certificate  No.  79-2416,  Govern- 
ment germination  96  per  cent,  $2  10  bushel,  sacks 
included.    Jack  Cookson  Jr.,  Tofield,  Alberta. 

REWARD  WHEAT.  GRADE  NO.  1,  GERMINATION 

84  per  cent,  grown  on  breaking,  cleaned,  ready 
for  drill,  sacks  included  for  two  bushel  lots. 
Price  $2.20  per  bushel-  White  blossom  sweet 
clover,  grade  No.  2,  germination  S9  per  cent, 

£rice  9r  per  pound,  sacks  included  in  two  bushel 
tta.  Both  F  U  B.  Athabasca,  Alberta.  For 
more  information  write  Redden  Bros.,  Athabasca, 
Alberta. 

200  TONS  CLEAN  BALED  UPLAND  HAT,  GOOD 

quality,  early  cul.  300  tons  already  sold,  imme- 
diate shipment  at  $12  per  ton.  W.  James,  Coro- 
nation, Alta. 

THREE  CARLOADS  GOOD  VICTORY  SEED  OATS, 

ferminatiun  test  98  per  cent.  Price  reasonable, 
saac  Jacobson.  Ruyal .  Hotel,  Calgary. 

FOB  SALE— REWARD  WHEAT,  CERT.  NO.  79-2908 

Grade  .No.  3,  Cartt-r  disc  cleaned.  Price  $1.60 
Backs  included.    N.  8.  Smith,  Olda. 


RECISTEREO  SEED 

PRICES   DISCOUNTED    10   PER  CENT 
UNTIL  APRIL  15th 
Prices  as  followsi 

Reg.  Marquis  1st  Gen.,  Grade  No.  2  .$?.60 

Reg.  Marquis  2nd  Geo..  Grade  No.  I  _  _  2  43 
Reg.  Marquis  2iid  Gen.,  Grade  No.  2  _  _   2  34 

Reg.  Marquis  3rd  Gen..  Grade  No.  I  2  07 

Re«  Victory  Isl  Gen..  Grade  No.  I  2  25 

Reg.  Victory  2nd  Gen..  Grade  No  I  1.58 

Reg.  Victory  2nd  Gen.,  Grade  No.  2  I  44 

Reg.  Victory  3rd  Gen..  Grade  No.  I  1.26 

Reg  Banner  1st  Gen  .  Grade  No.  I  _  _  _  2.25 
Reg.  Banner  2nd  Gen.,  Grade  No.  I  _  1.58 
All  other  Grades  sold  out. 

Certified  Reward.  Grade  No.   I  $2.70 

ALBERTA  SEED  GROWERS' 
ASSOCIATION 
CO.  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  Edmonton,  Alta. 
THIS  IS  A  SEED  POOL 


Classified  Section 


BATE — Five  cents  per  word.  Five 
iDsertions  for  the  price  of  four; 
nine  for  the  price  of  eeven;  thir- 
teen for  the  price  of  ten;  twenty- 
six  for  the  price  of  nineteen. 

TERMS— Cash  with  order. 

Count  each  initial  as  a  full  word, 
also  count  eat  h  set  of  four  figures 
as  a  full  word. 


Addrsss  all  correspondence  to 
"Th«   U.F.A.",   Lougheed  Bldj., 
Calgary,  Aita. 


TURKEYS 


NURSERY  STOCK 


IF  Ton  HAVE  NOT  DONE  SO  ALREADY  TRY 

the  Nursery  who  are  famed  for  their  big  and 
little  trees  that  itrow.  We  beautify  the  Prairies. 
Send  in  your  gardening  wants  or  write  for  cata- 
loii;ue.  Alberta  Nurseries,  Bowden.  Alberta. 
William  Berggren  &  Sons,  Proprietors. 

IMPROVE  THE  VALUE  OF  YOUR  FARM.— BEST 

results  obtained  by  planting  hardy  stock  direct 
from  growers.  Prices  reasonable.  Catalogue 
mailed  on  request.    West  End  Nurseries.  Calgary. 


FENCE  POSTS,  LUMBER  AND  FUEL 

FENCE  POSTS.  CORDWOOD.— WRITE  FOR  DE- 

livered  prices     North  West  Coal  Co.,  E>1monton. 

LUMBER.  DRY  WOOD— GET  MY  PRICES  BE- 

fore  buying.    S   E.  Nelson.  Winfield,  Alta. 

LUMBER.   SHINGLES.   FENCE   POSTS.  POLES, 

Cordwood  and  Slabs.  Write  for  delivered  prices. 
Enterprise  Lumber  Co..  Vancouver,  B.C. 

BXnr  NORTHERN   POLES   AND   SPUT  CEDAR 

fosts  direct  from  producers,  and  get  the  best, 
nspection    allowed.    J.   E.   Holdcroft   &  Co., 
Legrand.  B.C. 

CEDAR  FENCE  POSTS.— QUAUTT.  SIZE.  WE 

ship  "Allow  Inspection."  Fernie  Timber  Co., 
Boi  607.  Fernie,  B  C 

INSURANCE 

"PROFITS  FOR  WHO,"  AN  INTERESTING  UTTLE 

book  about  insurance — Mutual  and  otherwise,  is 
now  in  course  of  preparation.  Get  in  your  name 
now.  W  Ewart  Turner,  "Insurance  Visionary," 
809  Eighth  Ave.  West,  Caluary. 

FARM  LANDS 

FOR  QUICK  SALE— 160  ACRES;  130  ACRES  BRO- 

ken;  95  acres  summcrfallow ;  20  acres  hay  slough; 
three-wire  fence;  7  miles  from  Coronation.  $2500. 
Wm.  Whittaker,  BoJ  -IS,  Coronation.  .Alberta. 


MISCELLANEOUS 

FARMERS  —IF  YOU  NEED  A  GOOD  MAN  ON 

your  farm;  teamster,  tractor  man,  blacksmith; 
Hungarian,  Slav,  or  German:  or  woman  or  girl 
for  housework  or  to  cook;  write  or  call  up  The 
Star  Colonization  Agent,  Phone  M1508.  Address: 
124  2nd  Ave.  East. 

NEW  PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS,  15c  PER  SELEC- 

tion.  Choose  from  500  lU-iiicb,  latest,  popular 
pieces.  Catalogue  free.  Factory  Surplus  Sales 
Co..  Dept  9.  Windsor.  Ont. 


FANNING  MILL  SCREENS 

FANNING   MILL   SCREENS,   ALL   MAKES,  24- 

incb  $1.65;  32-inch  $2.20;  40-inch  $3.30.  Frank 
Marriott,  313  10th  Ave.  W.,  Calgary. 


cAtm 

and  Tumors  Buccessf  ully  treated 
(removed)  without  knife  or  pain. 
All  work  ^aranteed.  Come,  or 
write  fortree  Sanatorium  book 
Dr. WILLIAMS  SANATORIUM 
S25  DBiTenitrAv.,MiueapeEt,Miu. 

Kasar-" 

HATCHING  EGGS,  PUREBRED  WHITE  HOLLAND 

Turkey  eggs,  30o  each.  (Alter  May  10,  20o  each) 
R.  E.  Mo.MuUen,  Cappon,  Alta. 

FOR  SALE— YOUNG  TURKEY  HENS,  UNBANDEO, 

$5.00  each,  from  Government  bunded  flook. 
Mrs.  A.  E.  White,  Nanton,  Alta. 

BRONZE   TOMS,   WEIGHT   TWENTY  POUNDS 

and  up,  $7.0U;  Hens,  twelve  pounds  and  up,  $4.00. 
Geo.  Scotton,  Cowley,  Alta. 

BRONZE  TURKEY  HENS,  $4.00;  TURKEY  EGOS 

for  hatching,  30c  each.    W.  G.  Gunn,  Irnia,  Alta. 


POULTRY 


BUFF  ORPINGTON  HATCHING  EGGS,  FLOCK 

systematii'ally  culled  for  egg  production  for  15 
years.  Pen  eggs  mated  from  real  producers, 
$1.50  setting  of  15.    Mrs.  P.  C.  Loree,  NantoQ. 

PUREBRED  BUFF  ORPINGTON  HATCHING  EGOS 

16  eggs,  $1.50.  Cockerels,  $2.50.  Mrs.  Thomas 
Howes,  Millet. 

FOR    SALE— CHOICE    SINGLE    COMB  RHODE 

Island  Red  cockerels,  heavy  laying  strain.  Three 
dollars  each.    Mrs.  T.  H.  Noad,  Olds,  Alta. 

UTILITY    BABY    BARRED    ROCKS— BREEDING 

stock  selected  under  Government  Hatchery  Ap- 
proval Policy.  Males  from  hens  laying  over  200 
eggs  March,  April,  $30  00  hundred.  Mrs.  P.  J. 
Huti'hings,  Box  801.  Edmonton. 

THE  BURNSIDE  POULTRY  FARM,  HAMMOND, 

B.C.,  the  home  of  S,  C.  White  Leghorns,  Light 
Sussex  and  S.  6.  Rhode  Island  Reds.  Place 
your  orders  now  for  hatching  eggs,  day-old  chicks, 
pullets  and  stock  for  Spring  delivery.  We  can 
also  611  a  limited  number  of  orders  for  Barred 
Rocks  from  especially  good  flocks  Write  for 
1930  catalogue.  We  prepay  express  on  all  day- 
old  chick  orders,  100  per  cent  live  arrival  guar- 
anteed. 8.  C.  W.  Leghorn  cockerels  and  cock- 
birds  to  head  your  breeding  pens  from  dams  with 
records  of  225  to  302  eggs,  mated  to  males  with 
extended  pedigrees  from  Government  R.O.P. 
stock.  We  can  also  supply  mated  pens  of  Light 
Sussex  birds.  Write  for  prices  and  catalogue. 
The  Buruside  Poultry  Farm.  Hammond.  B.C. 
Alberta  agent:  Mr.  Jas.  S.  Anderson.  Raymond. 
Alta. 

PUREBRED  WYANDOTTE  COCKERELS.  R.O.P.. 

$2.60     C.  Briuker,  Milo,  Alberta. 

FOR  SALE,  S.  C.  W.  LEGHORN  CHICKS  FROM 
R.O  P.  flock.  Write  for  prices.  Leslie  Legg, 
Fenn.  Alta. 

PUREBRED  BARRED  ROCK  COCKERELS  (DARK) 

Exhibition  markings,  good  laying  strain,  $3.00 
each,    Henry  Pickering,  Sylvan  Lake. 

SELLING  PURE  BARRED  ROCK  SETTING  EGGS, 

$1.00  per  dozen.    Abe  Steckle,  MUk  River,  Alta. 

PURE  BRED-TO-LAY  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  EGGS, 

$1.50  setting.    Mrs.  Josephs,  Hardisty,  Alia. 

BREEDERS  OF  BUFF  ORPINGTONS  17  YEARS. 

Eggs;  $1.50—15;  86.00—100.  Mrs.  Fred  Sedge- 
wick,  Killam,  Alberta. 

BUFF   ORPINGTON  HATCHING   EGGS,  FROM 

good  laying  strain,  $150  per  15;  $6.00  per  100. 
Mrs    T.  Robson,  Killam,  Alta. 

HATCHING  EGGS— VIGOROUS  SILVER  LACED 

Wyaudotl:6.  pure  bred,  laying  strain,  15  eites 
$1.50.     II    C    Burr,   Redhind,  Alberta. 


REMNANTS 

REMNANTS— POUND    GINGHAM  REMNANTS, 

9Uc;  3  pounds  $2;  pound  gingham  Quilt  Patches 
75c,  4  pounds  S2   A    .McCreery,  ChHiliam,  Ont. 

HIDES  AND  FURS 

SASKATOON  TANNERY,  SASKATOON.— HIDES. 

furs,  and  sheepskins  tanned.  Freight  paid  on 
hides  tanned.    Ask  for  Price  List. 


HUDSON'S  BAY  COMPNY 

RAW  FURS 
Ship  your  Furs  to  ua.  W« 
Guarantee   you    Fair  Prices 
Prompt    Service,    every    courtesy.  Addre**: 
HUDSON'S  BAY  COMPANY.  FUR  TRADE 

DEPARTMENT 
812  Centre  Street         -         Caltary,  Alberta 
or    Edmonton.    Alta.,    Regina,  S**k., 
Saikatoon,  Sa«k. 


Printed  for  The  U.P.A.  Limited,  at  the  office  of  the  Albwtan  Job  Press  Limited,  310-8th  Avenue  East,  Calgary,  Alberta